• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2007

In this paper, we study the influence of infection ratio on gradual reduction of drug dose for the five state HIV infection model that explicitly includes the population of the virus. We first compute all equilibrium points of the model and investigate the stabilities of them. As a result, a bifurcation diagram is obtained which shows a change in the equilibrium points, or in their stability properties, as the drug effect $\eta$ is varied from 0 to 1(alternatively, drug dose is changed from 1 to 0). Based on the bifurcation diagram, we show that the gradual reduction of drug dose can be applied for the treatment of AIDS patients. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the variation of infection ratio on the gradual reduction treatment. Computer simulation results are also presented to validate the proposed results.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2011

A novel concept of the gridable desalination plant is to provide an operation management to enable an electricity plant operation cost reduction. Adjusting recovery rate responded to electricity price, an electricity plant operation cost can be saved. To show a suggested approach, the data of 10 [MIGD](Million Imperial Gallons per Day) SWRO testbed are used. The result shows that total cost reduction rate is calculated about 1.6[%] of annual total electric plant operation cost.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2015

In this study, the effect of initial nitrate loading on nitrate removal and byproduct selectivity was evaluated in a continuous system. Nitrate removal decreased from 100% to 25% with the increase in nitrate loading from 10 to $300mg/L\;NO_3-N$. Ammonium selectivity decreased and nitrite selectivity increased, while nitrogen selectivity showed a peak shape in the same range of nitrate loading. The nitrate removal was enhanced at low catalyst to nitrate ratios and 100% nitrate removal was achieved at catalyst to nitrate ratio of ${\geq}33mg\;catalyst/mg\;NO_3-N$. Maximum nitrogen selectivity (47%) was observed at $66mg\;catalyst/mg\;NO_3-N$, showing that continuous Cu-Pd-NZVI system has a maximum removal capacity of 37 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/g_{catalyst}/h$. The results from this study emphasize that nitrate reduction in a bimetallic catalytic system could be sensitive to changes in optimized regimes.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2010

In order to reduce negative skin friction uses bitumen most plentifully. But, Bitumen is expensive very of 1.5 or more times of pile material expense. The bitumen will be able to substitute it is nescessary. It was researched that it would be able to bitumen substitutions from in products which is produced from domestic in this study. This was composed with most bentonite, added some cement. When it is used this product in the model test, the reduction ratio appear of 85% or more. In this result, this product as the reduction material is confirmed that has enough ability. Additional research leads, the product according to pile construction method must verify the reduction effect of negativ skin friction in field test.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.527-530
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• 2002

A lot of efforts have been focused on the optimization of PIT parameters for Bi-2223/Ag wire. In this paper, initial annealing of Bi-2223/Ag wire to transform Bi-2212 orthorhombic from Bi-2212 tetragonal Precursor was investigated. This initial annealing step at low oxygen partial pressure were to transform Bi-2212 orthorhombic structure and to reduce the formation of second phases at superconducting wire. However Bi-2223 Phases were appeared at higher annealing temperature. Critical currents(Je) of Bi-2223/Ag tapes were sintered at low oxygen Partial pressure were higher than that of the wires sintered at atmosphere condition. In order to investigate the effect of rolling reduction ratio, Bi-2223/Ag HTS tapes were rolled with different reduction ratio. There were no clear difference of Je and filaments shape with various rolling reduction ratio.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.377-382
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• 2001

A suboptimal control law in turbulent pipe flow is derived and tested. Two sensing variables ${\partial}p/{\partial}{\theta}\;|_w\;and\;{\partial}{\upsilon}_{\theta}/{\partial}r\;|_w$ are applied with two actuations ${\phi}_{\theta}$ and ${\phi}_r$. To test the suboptimal control law, direct numerical simulations of turbulent pipe flow at $Re_r=150$ are performed. When the control law is applied, a $13{\sim}23%$ drag reduction is achieved. The most effective drag reduction is made at the pair of ${\partial}{\upsilon}_{\theta}/{\partial}r\;|_w$ and ${\theta}_r$. An impenetrable virtual wall concept is useful for analyzing the near-wall suction and blowing. The virtual wall concept is useful for analyzing the near-wall behavior of the controlled flow. Comparison of the present suboptimal control with that of turbulent channel flow reveals that the curvature effect is insignificant.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.427-438
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• 2018

The reduction of $CO_2$ emissions has been a key target in the marine industry since the IMO's MEPC published its findings in 2009. Air lubrication method is one of the mature technologies for commercialization to reduce the frictional resistance and enhance fuel efficiency of ships. Air layer is formed by the coalescence of the injected air bubbles beyond a certain air flow rate. In this study, a model ship (${\lambda}=33.33$) of a 50,000 ton medium range tanker is equipped with an air lubrication system. The experiments were conducted in the 100 m long towing tank facility at the Pusan National University. By selecting optimal air injector configuration and distribution ratio between two injectors, the total resistance of model $R_{TM}$ was able to be reduced down to 18.1% in the model scale. Key issue was found to suppress the sideway leakage of injected air by appropriate injection parameters.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to develop an optimal drawing die for the clad wire drawing process. Cu-clad wire, which has the advantages of the high strength of a steel core and the electro-conductivity, corrosion resistance of a copper layer, is widely being used in the field of the telecommunications, electric-electronic and military technology industries. It is important to obtain uniformly coated rate when producing clad wires. Drawing process of clad wire will be influenced on damage and coated rate of core and sleeve for process variables such as semi-die angle and reduction in area. Therefore, in this study, the finite-element result obtained in this study was analyzed to the effect of the various forming parameters, which included the semi-die angle and reduction in area. The coated rate will be predicted with observation of copper coated rate variation according to total reduction in area and the optimal pass schedule will be set up through proper reduction in area and semi-die angle variation.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1375-1380
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• 1989

Mobility reduction parameters are extracted using a method based on the exploitatiion of Id-Vg and Gm-Vg characteristics of short channel n-MOSFETs in strong inversion region at room temperature. It is found that the reduction of the maximum field effect mobility, \ulcornerFE,max, with the channel length is due to i) the difference between the threshold voltage and the gate voltage which corresponds to the maximum transconductance, and ii) the channel length dependence of the mobility attenuation coefficient, \ulcorner The low field mobility, \ulcorner, is found to be independent of the channel length down to 0.25 \ulcorner ofeffective channel length. Also, the channel length reduction, -I, the mobility attenuation coefficient, \ulcorner the threshold voltage, Vt, and the source-drain resistance, Rsd, are determined from the Id-Vg and -gm-Vg characteristics n-MOSFETs.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.71-76
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• 2000

This experimental study was conducted to figure out the drag reduction and convective heat transfer in vertical downward two-phase flow with polymer additives. The drag reduction effect were analyzed by using the difference of the pressure drop between the flow with polymer additives and without it. Experimental results show that the pressure drop with polymer additives is less than the pressure drop without polymer in vertical downward two-phase flow. And the convective heat transfer has decreased with increasing the polymer concentration in vertical downward two-phase flow.