• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

Chemical Ranking and Scoring (CRS) system is a useful tool to screen priority chemicals of large body of substances. The relative ranking of chemicals based on CRS system has served as a decision-making support tools. Exposure potential and toxicity are significant parameters in CRS system, and there are differences in evaluating those parameters in each CRS system. In this study, the parameters of exposure potential, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity were extensively compared. In addition the scoring methods in each parameter were analyzed. The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), and CRS-Korea. An comparative analysis of the several CRS systems is presented based on their assessment parameters and scoring methods.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.124-135
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemisry education contents of South Korea and North Korea for understanding chemistry education of North Korea. Chemistry education in South and North Korea was investigated in terms of learning period and learning quantaty. Especially, what content North Korea learned prior to South Korea and what contents learned more were analyzed. The subjects of this study were South Korean 2015 revised National Science Curriculum and North Korean science textbooks in Kim Jong-un era. The North Korean textbooks analyzed are 'Nature' for North Korean elementary school 3, 'Natural Science' for North Korean middle school 1 and 2, and 'Chemistry' for North Korean high school 1 and 2. The analysis results are as follows. First, the content elements to be learned in advance in North Korean textbooks were density, oxidation and reduction, battery, and atomic weight. Second, the content elements additionally learned in North Korean textbooks include separation of mixtures, fuels, oxidation and reduction, metals, organic and inorganic substances, metals and non-metal oxides and hydroxides, inorganic substances used as fertilizers, nutritional substances, and salt reaction and utilization, atomic orbitals, hybridization of orbitals, coordination bonds and complexes. As a future research task, a qualitative analysis of the elements of North Korean chemistry, the activities of textbooks, and an experimental analysis were proposed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.66-71
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• 2021

Recent healthcare environments have characteristics of expanding the scope of healthcare-impacting healthcare, complexity resulting from diversification of components, and accelerating the pace of change. Drugs are used for the prevention, mitigation, and treatment of diseases, so they can inevitably cause harm, while they have efficacy and effectiveness, which are key elements of health recovery. Therefore, many countries regulate permits for safe and effective medicines, and also designate essential drugs directly related to life as pay targets and guarantee health insurance. Especially Pharmacist relying on manpower for composition medicine is liable for mal-manufacture due to combination of toxic medical substances or other chemical usage. In this paper, we focus on using Kiosk and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for automated pharmacy to level up medical service and create labor friendly environment for pharmacist themselves through maintenance of prescription data and automated manufacturing solution. Presentation of drug substances and precautions will lead to efficient drug prescription and prevent misuse of information while auto manufacturing system efficiently maintain labor force and raise patient satisfaction level by reduction of waiting time.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to quantitatively determine the impact on nearby risidents by selecting the amount of chemicals emitted from the workplace among the substances subject to the chemical emission plan and predicting the concentration with the atmospheric diffusion program. Method: The selection of research materials considered half-life, toxicity, and the presence or absence of available monitoring station data. The areas discharged from the materials to be studied were selected as the areas to be studied, and four areas with floating populations were selected to evaluate health risks. Result: AERMOD was executed after conducting terrain and meteorological processing to obtain predicted concentrations. The health hazard assessment results indicated that only dichloromethane exceeded the threshold for children, while tetrachloroethylene and chloroform appeared at levels that cannot be ignored for both children and adults. Conclusion: Currently, in the domestic context, health hazard assessments are conducted based on the regulations outlined in the "Environmental Health Act" where if the hazard index exceeds a certain threshold, it is considered to pose a health risk. The anticipated expansion of the list of substances subject to the chemical discharge plan to 415 types by 2030 suggests the need for efficient management within workplaces. In instances where the hazard index surpasses the threshold in health hazard assessments, it is judged that effective chemical management can be achieved by prioritizing based on considerations of background concentration and predicted concentration through atmospheric dispersion modeling.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 2014

As people seek a healthy, wealthy, and quality life more than before, interests in mineral water are picking up and the consumption continues to increase accordingly. In an experiment to examine changes in the water quality after mineral water on the market was kept indoor and outdoor for four weeks, there seemed to be no problem in external appearance. Water kept in an outdoor storage contained more odor-savor than water kept in an indoor storage. Odor was not detected in 90% of the sample, and savor not in 80% of it. As for the mechanism of odor-savor generation, the elution of chemical substances from a container may be taken into consideration. In general, odor and savor have turned out to be in close correlation to each other. The average number of bacteria in the sample mineral water was $200{\pm}10CFU/mL$, and such factors as area of storage and ozone post-treatment did not cause significant effects on the reproduction of common microbes. Hence, it is thought that strict regulations on a production process and reduction of the period of circulation will contribute to customers consumption rates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2779-2785
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• 2009

Among the livestock, chickens are raised because of the merit ingested protein in low-priced cost of production and are primary livestock increased the consumption of meat. The factors of influencing condition, odor is the most important factor. Odor substances are ammonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan which come from night soil. Livestock are prevented from rearing by means of these odor substances. Though the henhouse is heated using hot air type heater in the winter season, it is ventilated for the control of odor because of the increase of odor concentration. In the present work, composite catalytic system combined the existing facilities(hot air type heater) with catalytic system was developed, it could controled odor and hazardous gas using the oxidation/reduction reaction without extra operating cost. Moreover, the purpose of this work is to develop the catalysts which are cost competitive and can maximize energy efficiency. The catalysts are noble metal(Pt-Rh) and composite transition metal(Mn) type.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2016

Objectives Korea's Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals (K-REACH) was enacted for the protection of human health and the environment in 2015. Considering that about 2000 new substances are introduced annually across the globe, the extent of animal testing requirement could be overwhelming unless regulators and companies work proactively to institute and enforce global best practices to replace, reduce or refine animal use. In this review, the way to reduce the animal use for K-REACH is discussed. Methods Background of the enforcement of the K-REACH and its details was reviewed along with the papers and regulatory documents regarding the limitation of animal experiments and its alternatives in order to discuss the regulatory adoption of alternative tests. Results Depending on the tonnage of the chemical used, the data required ranges from acute and other short-term studies for a single exposure route to testing via multiple exposure routes and costly, longer-term studies such as a full two-generation reproducibility toxicity. The European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals regulation provides for mandatory sharing of vertebrate test data to avoid unnecessary duplication of animal use and test costs, and obligation to revise data requirements and test guidelines "as soon as possible" after relevant, validated replacement, reduction or refinement (3R) methods become available. Furthermore, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development actively accepts alternative animal tests and 3R to chemical toxicity tests. Conclusions Alternative tests which are more ethical and efficient than animal experiments should be widely used to assess the toxicity of chemicals for K-REACH registration. The relevant regulatory agencies will have to make efforts to actively adopt and uptake new alternative tests and 3R to K-REACH.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.4 s.50
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• pp.351-357
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• 2006

Recently there is increasing the flow of hazardous chemical substances caused by industrial waste waters into a main river. It is needed to make the high treatment in drinking water treatment plants for reducing a health risk. Therefore, the monitoring of trace hazardous chemical substances by the industrial waste water inflow is available increasing economical efficiency of river management as well as reduction of risk. In this study, the most important substance among numerical and quantitative trace hazardous chemicals is Hexachlorobutadiene in an effluent of industrial wastes. However all items of GroupII which was included with semiconductor, electricity/electron and metal assemble was not detected. It means that we must consider the characteristics and behavior of load pollutants to water resources to select monitoring items. That was called 'preparatory monitoring'. We can reduce an economical consumption as well as risks from these pollutants using the preparatory monitoring.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of 40 chemical accidents that occurred in Jeollabuk-do from 2004 to 2019. During this time, there were 2.5 accidents per year on average in the province; their types were classified as spill/leak, fire, explosion, adverse reaction, and complex. There were 34 leaks and six explosions, and they are categorized as follows: 12 by worker error, 16 from facility defects, and 12 by transport vehicle accidents. The substances involved in these accidents were ammonia (15%), sulfuric acid (12.5%), and silicon tetrachloride (7.5%). Notably, the rate of chemical accidents (75%) is the highest during spring and summer. In order to reduce chemical accidents, first, there should be compliance with the relevant laws. Second, the quality of safety education and training of workers should be improved. Finally, valuable government support is also necessary to improve facilities.