• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 1995

All the pharmacological studies of LB17522 described here were carried out with high doses (fifteen to sixty times of the therapeutic dose) to determine an indication of potential side effects in clinical use in terms of the acute clinical signs, cardiovascular and central nervous system. LB10522 does not produce any observable clinical signs except for the symptoms such as moist eye, skin rash, slight salivation, vomitting, and slightly reduced activity. The effects of LB10522 on the hemodynamics and cardiac function of anesthetized beagle dogs are as follows; heart rates and mean arterial blood pressure had a tendency to increase mildly, which is a normal finding in anesthetized dogs. All the animals except for one showed relatively stable respiratory rates throughout the observation period. Each animal treated with LB10522 showed slight increase in the left cardiac work and left ventricular stroke work which are mainly related to corresponding increases in cardiac output. Femoral blood flow were shown to be increased in some animals treated with LB10522. The epileptogenic activities of various cephalosporins were assessed by a direct intracerebral injection of appropriate concentration of test articles. The CD$_{50}$ values (nmol) obtained from the analysis of the dose-response data are as follows; 78.2, 175.3, 156.3, and 53.5 for cefazolin, cephaloridine, ceftazidime, and LB 10522, respectively. LB10522 seems to be equipotent with cefazolin or to be three times more potent than cephaloridine and ceftazidime in causing adverse CNS stimulation. Taken into consideration all the information obtained, LB10522 is not supposed to induce much changes in the functions examined in these studies in man at therapeutic doses.s.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1999

Safety evaluation of LB71350, a new HIV-1 protease inhibitor, was performed in mice, rats and dogs. For the general behavior of mice, LB71350 at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg did not show any significant effects on muscle tone and locomotor activity. In terms of central nervous system, at oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, LB71350 inhibited acetic acid-induced pain response approximately 41% and 83% of control. respectively. At oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, it reduced the rectal body temperature in rats. Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice was slightly potentiated by oral administration of LB71350 at doses ranging from 200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/Ag. Single or five day treatment of LB71350 doubled the hexobarbital- induced sleeping time in mice at oral doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. It did not cause any effects on gastric secretion and acidity in rat at oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg and also it did not change intestinal motility in mice up to 1000 mg/kg. Blood coagulation indices such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT) in rats were not affected by the treatment of LB71350 up to 500 mg/kg. LB71350 caused no significant effects on the cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and mean blood pressure when infused intravenously to the anesthetized rats and dogs. Taken together, LB71350 at high oral doses caused significant pharmacological effects on the central nervous system and the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.256-259
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• 2005

Analysis of behavior pattern and thermal response during bathing and showering provides important fundamental data when developing an automatic bathing/showering system. The behavior pattern and physiological changes during bathing/showering were measured und analyzed for the aged male group. We recorded the volunteers showering at front, back, left and right view using four CCTV cameras in order to study the behavior pattern during showering. The photographic data were analyzed by counting the frequencies of body contact and identifying zones where hands could reach. In order to study the thermal response, we measured the blood pressure (B.P), heart rate (H.R), body temperature (B.T.), breathing rate (B.R) for the different water temperatures and the locations of immersion for the young and old age groups. The results showed that the frequencies of body contacts were varied for different body sections. Also there were some body sections where hands could not be reached because of reduced pliability and muscular strength of the aged group. But we observed rather uniform body contact frequencies when a towel was used. In partial immersion bath experiments, we observed the changes of B.P. H.R and B.T in the case of young and old age groups, and the changes were more significant in the young age group.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2008

음향홀로그래피는 시간 영역 혹은 주파수 영역에서 음압의 공간 분포를 가시화하는 방법이다. 그러나, 재구성된 음압은 종종 실제적으로 우리가 원하는 음장의 정보보다 훨씬 많은 정보를 가지고 있다. 예를 들어, 우리가 소음 제어를 위해 필요로 하는 정보는 소음원의 위치와 전체적인 방사형태의 정보만으로 충분하다. 따라서, 이렇게 필요로 하는 정보만을 보여줄 수 있는 방법이 필요하다 볼 수 있다. 이를 위한 한 가지 방법으로 공간에서의 포락을 생각할 수 있다. 공간복소포락은 소음원의 위치와 느리게 변하는 전체적인 변화에 대한 정보를 가지고 있는 포락 신호를 의미한다. 공간복소포락을 이용함으로써, 우리는 음장에서 불필요한 정보를 제거하여 필요한 정보를 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 가시화 과정에서의 연산 시간도 줄일 수 있다. 이 공간포락을 얻기 위한 공간변조 방법을 이론적으로 유도하고 제안한다. 그리고, 여러 개의 단극음원에 의해 형성되는 복잡한 음장을 제안하는 방법을 이용해 단순화시킨 결과를 통해 제안하는 방법에 대한 타당성을 검증한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.696-702
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• 2017

Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, glucose intolerance and elevated blood pressure, is related to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reported the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of purple corn extract. We investigated the efficacy of purple corn extract (PC) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, and examined the underlying mechanisms by analyzing expression of proteins and genes involved in glucose regulation and macrophage infiltration. C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet (ND), or HFD treated with distilled water (DW, control) or PC, for 10 weeks. Although body weights were similar in the HFD-fed groups, we observed a decrease in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) weights, and enhanced glucose tolerance test (GTT) results in the PC group, as compared with DW group. Liver showed increased Akt phosphorylation in the PC-treated mice; however, no changes were observed in the EAT, for all groups. In PC-treated mice, decreased macrophage infiltration was seen in the EAT, with a reduced expression of macrophage marker genes. Finally, proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions were decreased by PC in the EAT, and a modest trend for downregulation was observed in the liver. Hence, we conclude that PC may decrease glucose intolerance by increasing the phosphorylation of Akt and reducing the macrophage infiltration into the EAT.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting efficiency of a newly developed microprojection tip and a diamond-coated tip under two different engine powers. Materials and Methods: The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and root-end preparation was performed with upward and downward pressure using one of the ultrasonic tips, KIS-1D (Obtura Spartan) or JT-5B (B&L Biotech Ltd.). The ultrasonic engine was set to power-1 or -4. Forty teeth were randomly divided into four groups: K1 (KIS-1D / Power-1), J1 (JT-5B / Power-1), K4 (KIS-1D / Power-4), and J4 (JT-5B / Power-4). The total time required for root-end preparation was recorded. All teeth were resected and the apical parts were evaluated for the number and length of cracks using a confocal scanning micrscope. The size of the root-end cavity and the width of the remaining dentin were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference in the time required between the instrument groups, but the power-4 groups showed reduced preparation time for both instrument groups (p < 0.05). The K4 and J4 groups with a power-4 showed a significantly higher crack formation and a longer crack irrespective of the instruments. There was no significant difference in the remaining dentin thickness or any of the parameters after preparation. Conclusions: Ultrasonic tips with microprojections would be an option to substitute for the conventional ultrasonic tips with a diamond coating with the same clinical efficiency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

Purpose: This literature review was performed to assess the effect of raisins on human health. Methods: A review of Medline was conducted using the keywords: 'raisins, raisins and health, raisins and cardiovascular disease (CVD), raisins and cancer, raisins and diabetes, raisins and fiber, raisins and colon health, raisins and antioxidants, raisins and inflammation, raisins and dental caries'. The reference lists from previous review articles on raisins and human health and the California Raisin Marketing Board files were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Raisins have one of the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant ORAC levels compared to other traditional dried fruits. Many of the polyphenols in raisins are well assimilated and bioavailable. Raisin consumption reduces low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar, when compared to equal caloric carbohydrate snacks and is associated with a reduced risk of CVD. The anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive effects of raisins are mixed. Raisin consumption reduces intestinal transit time and positively affects gut microbiota. Raisins produce sustained energy during long term athletic competitions equal to traditional sports energy gels, shots and jelly beans. Raisins produce a non-cariogenic oral environment and do not fit the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria to be considered a choking hazard. Conclusions: Based on the review of literature, consumption of raisins provide numerous health benefits for promoting general wellness and in the prevention of many chronic diseases including: CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastrointestinal diseases, and dental caries.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

Background: The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is growing worldwide, and the proportion of patients requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia increases with increasing severity of the disease. However, outpatient anesthesia management for these patients involves great risks, as most patients with Alzheimer's disease are old and may show reduced cardiopulmonary functions and have cognitive disorders. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease who received outpatient anesthesia for dental treatment between 2012-2017. Pre-anesthesia patient evaluation, dental treatment details, anesthetics dose, blood pressure, duration and procedure of anesthesia, and post-recovery management were analyzed and compared between patients who underwent general anesthesia or intravenous sedation. Results: Mean age of patients was about 70 years; mean duration of Alzheimer's disease since diagnosis was 6.3 years. Severity was assessed using the global deterioration scale; 62.8% of patients were in level ${\geq}6$. Mean duration of anesthesia was 178 minutes for general anesthesia and 85 minutes for intravenous sedation. Mean recovery time was 65 minutes. Eleven patients underwent intravenous sedation using propofol, and 22/32 cases involved total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for other patients. While maintaining anesthesia, inotropic and atropine were used for eight and four patients, respectively. No patient developed postoperative delirium. All patients were discharged without complications. Conclusion: With appropriate anesthetic management, outpatient anesthesia was successfully performed without complications for dental treatment for patients with severe Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2014

전 세계적으로 비만 인구는 증가 추세에 있고 그중 소아 청소년의 비만 유병률이 급속한 증가 추세에 있다. 소아 청소년 비만은 성인비만으로 이어지며 당뇨병, 고지혈증, 고혈압, 대사증후군과 같은 만성질환을 동반하는 것으로 알려진다. 소아 청소년의 비만은 체력, 신체활동, 좌식생활의 증가 및 서구화된 식이 습관과 같은 생활습관과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 따라서 균형 잡힌 식이습관과 유산소성 운동 그리고 적절한 저항성 운동을 개입시키고 좌식시간을 수정하는 것이 비만 치료에 권고된다. 본 미니 종설에서는 소아 청소년 비만 치료에 효과적인 수단으로써 다각적인 신체활동 전략에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.828-836
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• 2008

To develop an engineering-model of hydrogen-fueled ultra-micro combustor for Ultra Micro Gas Turbine(UMGT), we reviewed and summarized the problems in downsizing combustors, and determined a suitable burning method. The key issue to actualize practical ultra-micro combustors is reducing heat loss from the combustor to compressor and turbine. The reduction of heat loss was discussed from 3 different viewpoints; heat-insulation material, high-space-heating-rate combustion, and combustor-insolated gas turbine structure. Use of heat-insulation material induced the heat loss reduction to the surroundings. The heat loss ratio decreased substantially in reverse proportion to space heating rate, leading the idea that it could be reduced by burning at a high space heating rate. By settling the combustor insolated from the compressor and turbine, the heat transfer from the combustor to the compressor and turbine becomes smaller. For a selection of the suitable burning method, comparison between 2 burning methods, flat-flame and swirling-flamer types, was conducted. Synthetically the flat-flame burning method was confirmed to be more suitable for ultra-micro combustors than latter one. Base on them, an engineering-model of hydrogen-fueled flat-flame ultra-micro combustor was developed. To obtain high overall heat-insulation, heat-resistant and strength, the engineering-model combustor had triple layer structure with an advanced ceramic, a heat insulation material and a stainless steel. To simplify heat transfer issue in the combustor, it was isolated from the other components. Furthermore it was designed by considering structure, size, material, velocity, pressure loss and prevention of flashback.