• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb - Combined Prescription (SHP) on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to mice with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(50mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the serum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined. Results : SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. Conclusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic mouse model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the antioxidant effects of a mixture of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder in plasma and liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were used and their diets were supplemented with $0.4\%$ (4 g/kg) of the mixtures. Experimental groups were diabetic rats without supplements (DM group) or with a combination of the supplements: $100\%$ mulberry leaves (M group), $25\%$ silkworm powder mixed with mulberry leaves (25SM group), $50\%$ silkworm powder mixed with mulberry leaves (50SM group), $75\%$ silkworm powder mixed with mulberry leaves (75SM group) or $100\%$ silkworm powder (100S group). The rats were fed experimental diets and water ad libitum. All animals were injected with streptozotocin at the $3^{rd}$ week for inducing diabetes and were sacrificed on $9^{th}$ day thereafter. Hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity significantly decreased in the mixture supplemented groups compared to the DM group. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not significantly different among any of the experimental groups, but glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity increased in the mixture supplemented groups compared to the DM group. In particular, it was the highest in the 50SM group. The hepatic TBARS values were lower in all the mixture supplemented groups than in the DM group, and it was as lowest when ratio of mulberry leaves to silkworm powder was highest. Hepatic lipofuscin contents were similar with the TBARS value. In conclusion, the mixtures containing silkworm powder reduced oxidative damage by strengtbening the antioxidative system and suppressing oxidative stress in the STZ-induced diabetic rat. The 1:1 blend of silkworm powder and mulberry leaves was the most effective combination for antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1256-1261
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• 2021

Rubus coreanus Miquel (bokbunja), Korean black raspberry, is known to possess various phytochemicals that exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, most studies on Rubus coreanus Miquel have been performed with the solvent extracts and/or a single component to demonstrate the efficacy, while studies evaluating the effect of the whole fructus of Rubus coreanus Miquel are limited. In this study, therefore, we employed the isoproterenol (IPN)-induced myocardial infarction model and investigated the effect of freeze-dried powder of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCP) on oxidative stress and prevention of organ damage. Oral administration of RCP reduced the level of toxicity markers, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) without affecting body weight and diet intake. The oxidative stress marker glutathione (GSH) increased about 45% and malonaldehyde (MDA) decreased about 27% compared to the IPN group with RCP-H (3%) administration. By histological analysis, IPN induced significant myocardial damage in the heart and vascular injury in the liver, and RCP administration ameliorated the damages in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, RCP activated the antioxidant system leading to prevention of damage to organs by IPN in rats, making it possible to expect beneficial efficacies by consuming the whole fructus of Rubus coreanus Miquel.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-372
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• 2019

Daidzein isolated from soybean (Glycine max) has been widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity are not well understood. In the current study, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly inhibited neuronal cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells, which were used as an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, pretreatment with 7,8,4'-THIF significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly recovered 6-OHDA-induced cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), increased Bax, and decreased Bcl-2 levels. Additionally, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly restored the expression levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta ($GSK-3{\beta}$) in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Further, 7,8,4'-THIF significantly increased the reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) level induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, these results suggest that 7,8,4'-THIF protects against 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death in cellular PD models. Also, these effects are mediated partly by inhibiting activation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt/$GSK-3{\beta}$ pathways.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.936-948
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• 2024

The Conical 9 well dish (C9 well dish) is characterized by a decreasing cross-sectional area towards the base. This design was hypothesized to enhance embryonic development by emulating the in vivo physical environment through density modulation. Comparative analyses revealed no significant difference in nuclear maturation rates between the C9 well dish and the 5-well dish. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was lower in the C9 well dish compared to the 5-well dish; however, this difference was not statistically significant. On the second day of in vitro culture, the cleavage rate in the C9 well dish was 4.66% higher, although not statistically significant, and the rates of blastocyst development were similar across both dishes. No significant differences were observed in the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and ROS, as well as in the total cell number within the blastocysts between the dish types. The expression of mitogen-related factors, TGFα and IGF-1, in the blastocysts was consistent between the dishes. However, PDGFβ expression was significantly lower in the C9 well dish compared to the 35 mm petri dish. Similarly, the expression of the apoptosis factor Bax/Bcl2l2 showed no significant differences between the two dishes. Despite the marked difference in PDGFβ expression, its impact on blastocyst formation appeared negligible. The study also confirmed the feasibility of culturing a small number of oocytes per donor, collected via Ovum Pick-Up (OPU), with reduced volumes of culture medium and mineral oil, thus offering economic advantages. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the C9 well dish is effective for in vitro development of a small quantity of oocytes and embryos, presenting it as a viable alternative to traditional cell culture dishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.743-749
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}-carotene$ level on the lipid metabolism and lipid peroxide metabolizing enzyme activities in rats. Male Sprague -Dawley rats were fed on diets containing five levels of ${\beta}-carotene$ (0, 10, 120, 1200, 12000mg/kg diet ; BC 0, BC 1, BC 2, BC 3, BC 4 group). The rats were sacrificed after 7 weeks of the feeding periods. Lipid peroxide value of mitochondrial fraction of rat liver was elevated in ${\beta}-carotene$ restriction group when compared to $\beta$ -carotene groups. Superxide dismutase activity increased significantly by ${\beta}-carotene$ supplementation. Both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were reduced with increasing ${\beta}-carotene$ supplementation, except only ${\beta}-carotene$ restriction group. In liver, the contents of total lipid and cholestero decreased by ${\beta}-carotene$ supplementation but triglyceride content was not different among treatment groups. HDL-and total cholesterol ratio in plasma of 12, 000 ${\beta}-carotene$ group decreased, and was similar to that of ${\beta}-carotene$ restriction group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.958-965
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• 2015

Lycopene, a red non-provitamin A carotenoid, mainly presenting in tomato and tomato byproducts, has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids because of its high number of conjugated double bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation in the diet on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot lamb. Twenty-eight Bamei male lambs (90 days old) were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet (LP0, 40:60 roughage: concentrate) or the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg lycopene. After 120 days of feeding, all lambs were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05, linearly), total triglycerides (TG, p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05), as well as atherogenic index (p<0.001), whereas no change was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05). The levels of TG (p<0.001) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were decreased with the feeding time extension, and both showed a linear trend (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde level in plasma and liver decreased linearly with the increase of lycopene inclusion levels (p<0.01). Dietary lycopene intake linearly increased the plasma antioxidant vitamin E level (p<0.001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p<0.05), and activities of catalase (CAT, p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.05). The plasma T-AOC and activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased with the extension of the feeding time. In liver, dietary lycopene inclusion showed similar antioxidant effects with respect to activities of CAT (p<0.05, linearly) and SOD (p<0.001, linearly). Therefore, it was concluded that lycopene supplementation improved the antioxidant status of the lamb and optimized the plasma lipid profile, the dosage of 200 mg lycopene/kg feed might be desirable for growing lambs to prevent environment stress and maintain normal physiological metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) alone or mixed with ochratoxin A (OTA) and/or zearalenone (ZEA) on the metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant status of dairy goats. Methods: Fifty lactating Laoshan dairy goats were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (n = 10) for 14 days. Goats were fed no additive (control) or administered with $50{\mu}g\;AFB1/kg$ dry matter (DM) (AFB1), $50{\mu}g\;AFB1/kg$ $DM+100{\mu}g\;OTA/kg$ DM (AFB1+OTA), $50{\mu}g\;AFB1/kg$ $DM+500{\mu}g\;ZEA/kg$ DM (AFB1+ZEA), or $50{\mu}g\;AFB1/kg$ $DM+100{\mu}g\;OTA/kg$ $DM+500{\mu}g\;ZEA/kg$ DM (AFB1+OTA+ZEA). Results: Dry matter intake and milk production were lower in goats fed AFB1+OTA+ZEA than in controls. Supplementation with AFB1, OTA, and ZEA significantly decreased red blood cell count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean platelet volume, and significantly increased white blood cell count, when compared with the control group. Compared with control, the combination of AFB1, OTA, and ZEA significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total bilirubin (TBIL), interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly reduced immunoglobulin A concentration, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum. Administration of AFB1 combined with OTA led to higher ALP, ALT, TBIL, and MDA, as well as lower milk production, SOD and GSH-Px activities, and T-AOC, than administration of AFB1 combined with ZEA. Conclusion: The mixture of AFB1, OTA, and ZEA exerted the greatest adverse effects on dairy goats, meanwhile the deleterious damage of the other mycotoxin combinations were in varying degrees. The findings of this study could provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of the consequences of contamination of animal feeds with combinations of mycotoxin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 1991

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ supplementation on adriamycin (ADR) -induced lipid petoxidation in rats. After feeding the experimental diets for e weeks. Ann treatment significantly decreased growth performance of rats. But this decrement was not modified by supplementation of vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ . Lipid peroxide values of plasma and heart mitochondria were elevated by Ann treatment. But these values were significantly decreased according to vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ supplementation. Adriamycin treatment elevated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of rats, but this increment was modified by vitamin E supplementation. There was a tendency of higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in ADR-treated rats. However, vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ administration reduced this enzyme activity. With ADR treatment, arachidonic acid (20 : 4) was greatly increased, but docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6) was not detected. Arachidonic acid was decreased and docosahexaenoic acid increased by supplementation of higher level of vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ . Present data showed that dietary vitamin E and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ influenced on ADR-induced lipid peroxidation in rats, and also the degree of antioxidative effect was greater in vitamin E-supplemented rats.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2016

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe $sdu1^+$ gene, belonging to the PPPDE superfamily of deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) genes, was previously shown to encode a protein with ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) activity and to participate in the response against oxidative and nitrosative stresses. This work focused on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent regulation of the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene. UCH activities, encoded by the $sdu1^+$ gene, were attenuated in the S. pombe cells exposed to $H_2O_2$, superoxide radical-generating menadione (MD), and nitric oxide (NO)-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and its precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were able to significantly enhance the UCH activities in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$. However, the influences of both GSH and NAC on the ROS levels in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$ were opposite to their effects on the UCH activities under the same conditions. The UCH activities in the Sdu1-overexpressing S. pombe cells were also diminished under exposure to $H_2O_2$, MD and SNP, but still remained to be higher than those in the vector control cells. In brief, it is proposed that the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene is regulated by ROS in a negative manner, the meaning of which largely remains elusive.