• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find out the basic data for irrigation plans of red pepper and radish during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficent of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum ten day evapotranspiration , optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soil texture for split plot, and three levels ; irrigation point with pH1.7-2.0, pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5-2.8, at soil texture of sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay for both red pepper and radish, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.1/10 exceedance probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for red peppr and radish were shown as 663.6 mm and 251.8 mm. respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for red pepper and radish, 67.1 mm and 46.9 mm, respectively. 2.The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can he occurred, exists at any stage between the middle of May and the late of August for red pepper, and at any stage between the late of August and the late September for radish. 3.The magnitude of evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper was occurred large in order of pF1.7-2.0 pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5~2.8 in aspect of irrigation point and the difference in the magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient between levels of irrigation point was difficult to be found out due to the relative increase in water consumption resulted from large flourishing growth at the irrigation point in lower water content for radish. In aspect of soil texture they were appeared large in order of sandy loam, silty clay and sandy soil for both red pepper and radish. 4.The magnitude of leaf area index was shown large in order of pF2.1-2.4, pF2.5-2.8, and pFl.7-2.0, for red pepper and of pF2.5-2.8, pF2.1-2.4, pFl.7-2.0 for radish in aspect of irrigation point, and large in order of sandy loam, silty clay, sandy soil for both red pepper and radish in aspect of soil texture 5.1/10 exceedance probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period for red pepper were shown as 683.5 mm and 1.03, respectively, while those of radish, 250.3 mm and 0, 99. respectively. 6.The time that the maximum evapotranspiration of red pepper can be occurred is in the middle of August around the date of ninetieth to hundredth after transplanting, and the time for radish is presumed to be in the late of September, around the date of thirtieth to fourtieth after sowing. At that time, 1/10 exceedance probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper is assumed to be 81.8 mm and 1.22, respectively, while those of radish, 49, 7 mm and 1, 06, respectively. 7.Optimum irrigation point for red pepper on the basis of the yield of raw matter is assumed to be pFl.7-2.0 for sandy soil, pF2.5-2.8 for sandy loam, and pF2.1-2.4 for silty clay. while that for radish is appeared to be pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 8.The soil moisture extraction patterns of red pepper and radish have shown that maximum extraction rates exist at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth in any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates have shown tendency to be greatest at 21cm deep layer from the most flourishing stage of growth for red pepper and at the last stage of growth for radish. 9.The total readily available moisture on the basic of the optimum irrigation point become 3.77-8.66 mm for sandy soil, 28.39-34.67 mm for sandy loam and 18.40-25.70 mm for silty clay for red pepper of each soil texture used but that of radish that has shown the optimum irrigation point of pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 12.49-15.27 mm for sandy soil, 23.03-28.13 mm for sandy loam, and 22.56~27.57 mm for silty clay. 10.On the basis of each optimum irrigation point. the intervals of irrigation date at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use of red pepper become l.4 days for sandy soil, 3.8 days for sandy loam and 2.6 days for silty clay, while those of radish, about 7.2 days.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2007

저장중 5가지 싹채소, (무, 적무, 적양배추, 알팔파, 브로콜리)의 생체중은 $50{\mu}m$ LDPE필름으로 밀폐하여 $2^{\circ}C$와 $8^{\circ}C$모두 99%이상 유지되었다. 저장중 포장재내 이산화탄소 농도는 $8^{\circ}C$에서 $2^{\circ}C$에서 보다 높았으며 작물별로 무와 적무가 높았다. 산소농도는 이와 정반대로 $2^{\circ}C$에서 높게 유지되었고, 무와 적무가 가장 낮은 농도를 보였는데 특히 $8^{\circ}C$저장 3일째는 3%미만까지 낮아지기도 하였다. 에틸렌 농도도 $2^{\circ}C$에 비해 $8^{\circ}C$에서 다소 높았으며 작물별로는 알팔파가 0.1ppm으로 가장 낮았고 나머지 4 작물은 작물간 농도차이에 유의성 없이 1ppm미만으로 낮았다. 이취는 산소농도가 가장 낮았던 무와 적무에서 오히려 낮은 수준을 보였으며 온도별로 큰 차이가 없었다. 외관상 품질은 역시 $2^{\circ}C$가 $8^{\circ}C$보다 높게 유지되었으며, 두 온도 모두에서 무가 가장 높게 유지되었고, 다음으로 적무, 브로콜리, 적양배추, 알팔파 순서였다. 이상의 결과에서 싹채소의 작물간 저장성에 차이를 알 수 있었는데 무와 알팔파의 경우 $4{\sim}5$일의 저장기한의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 싹채소 유통에 있어 작물별 관리가 다르게 실시되어야 할 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.908-915
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• 2017

This study was performed to determine the effects of different processing methods (AD: drying at $50^{\circ}C$ for 15 h; ADR: roasting after drying; SAD: drying after steaming; SADR: roasting after steaming and drying) on the quality characteristics, total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing powder of red radish (Bordeaux and watermelon radish) tea. The pH of red radish tea was the highest with SAD. In terms of the total sugar content, Bordeaux radish tea showed the highest level with AD, ADR, and SAD, and watermelon radish tea showed the highest level with SADR. The a value of Bordeaux radish tea was higher with AD and ADR. The b value of Bordeaux radish tea was increased with steaming and roasting treatment. In terms of measuring the colors of watermelon radish tea, the L value was decreased while the b value was increased with roasting treatment. The total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing powder with ADR and SADR were higher than those in samples prepared by different processing methods. AD and SAD resulted in higher anthocyanin contents than ADR and SADR. In terms of sensory evaluation, the appearance and color were rated higher with AD and SAD, whereas the flavor and taste were ranked higher with ADR and SADR than in the other samples. The results suggest that red radish (Bordeaux and watermelon radish) tea prepared by ADR and SADR processing methods can be utilized as health functional tea material with antioxidant activity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant contents and activities of twelve vegetable sprouts (broccoli, red radish, radish, mizuna, kale, taatsai, pak choi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapeseed, chicory, and alfalfa). The total flavonoid contents of the broccoli, red radish, and radish sprout were $25.36{\pm}0.13$, $25.26{\pm}1.80$, and $25.16{\pm}1.25mg$ CE/100 g FW, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of the other tested vegetables. Radish sprouts had the highest total phenolic content (112.42 mg GAE/100 g FW), followed by red radish and broccoli sprouts. The main polyphenols in the vegetable sprouts were epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, but they varied across sprout varieties. The correlation between total flavonoids and total phenolics for the 12 vegetable sprouts was very high (r=0.926). The total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities) was also highly correlated with total flavonoids and total phenolics.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.428-455
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• 2010

Radish kimchi is a typical side-dish in Korean traditional food and is a way of keeping vegetables for a extended period using fermentation. This study examined the classification, usage, eating history, variety, and recipes of Korean radish kimchi through ancient and modern era literature. The Korean radish kimchi were categorized into six groups: kkakttugi, seokbakji (or nabakkimchi), dongchimi, jjanji, jangachi, and jangkwa. According to the record, the eating history of radish kimchi comes from before the age of the Three Kingdom period. Radish was preserved in salt, vinegar, soybean paste or lees of fermented liquor in the early times. This pickled radish was not supposed to be watery. Radish kimchi was divided into watery kimchi (dongchimi) during the period of United Silla and the Koryo Dynasty. Kimchi was mixed with Chinese cabbage to make seokbakji or nabakkimchi. Up to the early Chosun Dynasty, the key ingredient of kimchi was radish. After the middle of the Chosun Dynasty, kimchi was mixed with red pepper powder, salted fish, soybean sauce, and various ingredients. There were many kinds of radish kimchi during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the 11 Korean recipe books published within the past 100 years, there are nine kinds of kkakttugi, three kinds of seokbakji, four kinds of dongchimi, three kinds of jjanji, nine kinds of jangachi, and five kinds of jangkwa. Kkakttugi (cubed, sliced or julienne radish) was pickled with salt, red pepper powder, garlic, green onion, oyster, sugar, salted fish, and more. Seokbakji and nabakkimchi were not as salty, so they could not be preserved as long. Dongchimi (watery radish kimchi without red pepper powder) was made of radish, water, salt, 18 side ingredients, 13 condiments, and seven garnishes. Jjanji was pickled to be very salty and was eaten during summer. Jangachi can be used as a regular side dish and is made of radish or dried radish slices pickled or seasoned with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, lees of fermented liquor, and spices. Jangkwa is used as a stir-fry method and has been segregated from jangachi relatively recently.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2005

조리서 및 문헌을 통해 열무김치 및 열무물김치의 재료배합비 및 제조방법을 표준화하였다. 열무김치의 표준화과정에서 열무 이외에 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료는 파와 홍고추였으며, 양념류로는 고춧가루, 마늘, 생강, 젓갈이 이에 속했다. 또한 재료 및 양념의 배합비는 절인 열무 100g에 대해 파 8.0$\pm$3.8, 마늘 2.5$\pm$1.3, 생강 1.6$\pm$0.7, 홍고추 7.0$\pm$1.7, 고춧가루 4.2$\pm$1.2, 젓갈 3.7$\pm$0.5로 나타났다. 열무물김치의 표준화과정의 경우, 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료로는 풋고추, 홍고추, 파가, 양념류로는 마늘, 생강, 전분이 이에 속했으며, 열무물김치의 재료배합비의 표준화는 첨가된 물의 양을 기준으로 하였다. 즉, 물 100 mL에 대해 절인 열무 50.6$\pm$10.8, 파 3.3$\pm$1.3, 풋고추 3.3$\pm$1.9, 홍고추 2.4$\pm$1.3, 마늘 3.0$\pm$0.7, 생강 $1.5\pm$0, 전분 $1.5\pm$0.6의 비율로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2009

Red radish seeds were irradiated at doses up to 8 kGy using electron beam (e-beam) and gamma ray ($\gamma$-ray). The seed viability and functional properties (carotenoid, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and total phenol) of sprouts grown from these irradiated seeds were evaluated. High germination percentage ($\geq$97%) was observed in seeds irradiated at $\leq$5 kGy, but the yield ratio and sprout length significantly decreased with increased irradiation dose. Irradiation at $\geq$6 kGy resulted in curling of the sprout roots. Sprouting enhanced the functional properties of red radish seeds as indicated by the increased carotenoid, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and total phenol contents during germination. However, radiation treatment hampered the growth of seeds resulting in underdeveloped sprouts with decreased carotenoid, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and total phenol contents. In general, e-beam and $\gamma$-ray irradiation of red radish seeds showed similar effects on the seed viability and functional properties of sprouts. Postharvest storage reduced the functional quality of sprouts.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2020

Since the salinity of irrigation water is a critical constraint to the production of certain vegetable crops, salinity was considered as one of the most important factors of irrigation water. The purpose of this study were to monitor and assess the effects of saline irrigation water on strawberry and red radish growth in protected cultivation. One control and three treatments, which were differentiated according to the level of salinity in irrigated water, were employed for each vegetable to assess the effects of the irrigation with saline water. Monitoring has shown that using irrigation water with salinity above a certain level causes excessive accumulation of sodium (Na⁺) in both strawberry and red radish. Increased Na+ content was analyzed to be able to decrease the sugar content in strawberry. In addition, the salinity higher than the threshold level of irrigation water was found to reduce the growth and yield of strawberry and red radish. This study could contribute to suggest criteria for safe use of saline water in protected cultivation, although long-term monitoring is needed to get more representative results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.397-400
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• 2018

Rhodosporidium toruloides, an oleaginous yeast, can be used as a fast and reliable evaluation tool to screen new natural lipid-lowering agents. Herein, we showed that triglyceride (TG) accumulation was inhibited by 42.6% in 0.1% red radish coral sprout extract (RRSE)-treated R. toruloides. We also evaluated the anti-obesity effect of the RRSE in a mouse model. The body weight gain of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 0.1% RRSE (HFD-RRSE) was significantly decreased by 60% compared with that mice fed the HFD alone after the 8-week experimental period. Body fat of the HFD-RRSE-fed group was dramatically reduced by 38.3% compared with that of the HFD-fed group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2013

본 연구는 어린잎 적양무가루를 첨가한 과자류 개발을 위해 회전중심합성계획법에 따라 어린잎 적양무가루, 버터, 설탕의 양을 독립변수로 하여 우리밀 쿠키를 제조하여, 품질 특성을 조사하고, 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적배합비를 구하였다. 이화학적 특성과 물성 중 L값(명도)는 quadratic 모델이 채택되었고, a값(적색도), b값(황색도), 퍼짐성, 경도는 linear 모델이 채택되었다. 관능적 특성인 색, 외관, 조직감, 향, 맛, 전체적 기호도는 quadratic 모델이 채택되었다. 관능특성 검사 결과 외관은 어린잎 적양무가루 첨가량의 증가에 따라 감소하고, 조직감은 버터 첨가량의 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 향, 맛, 전체적 기호도는 설탕 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 중심점(40 g) 부근까지는 급격히 증가하다가 그 이후부터는 약간씩 증가하였다. 그 외 다른 관능검사 항목에서는 어린잎 적양무가루, 버터, 설탕 첨가량에 의해 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 관능적 기호도 중 맛은 버터 첨가량이 어린잎 적양무가루나 설탕 첨가량 보다 영향이 컸으며, 그 외, 색, 외관, 조직감, 향과 전체적 기호도는 어린잎 적양무가루의 영향이 버터나, 설탕에 대한 영향보다 컸다. 관능특성 검사 결과 중 유의성이 있었던 모든 항목의 최대값을 목표범위를 충족시키는 최적의 배합량은 어린잎 적양무가루 5.15 g, 버터 64.84 g, 설탕 47.18 g으로 산출되었다.