• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

Fifty castrated crossbred ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) pigs, weighing an average of $60.6{\pm}3.1kg$ were allotted to one of five treatments in a randomized block design to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of 0.1% L-carnitine (50 ppm carnitine), 0.1% selenium-enriched yeast (0.3 ppm selenium), 0.1% Jujube fruit or 0.1% Hwangto (Red clay) on pig performance and carcass quality. All diets were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal and wheat bran and were formulated to supply 13.8 MJ DE/kg. Dietary supplementation did not influence daily gain (p = 0.57), feed intake (p = 0.52), or feed conversion (p = 0.32). Digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.60), organic matter (p = 0.74), crude protein (p = 0.76), crude fibre (p = 0.70) and energy (p = 0.75) were also unaffected by inclusion of any of the additives. Tissue samples taken from the longissimus muscle showed that the levels of carnitine (p = 0.0001) and selenium (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher with dietary inclusion of carnitine or selenium-enriched yeast. Dietary treatment did not affect dressing percentage (p = 0.33), carcass lean yield (p = 0.99) or first, $10^{th}$ and last rib midline backfat depth (p = 0.45, 0.82 and 0.47, respectively). Dietary treatment also did not affect the percentages of tenderloin (p = 0.37), bacon (p = 0.36), fat and bone (p = 0.56), picnic shoulder (p = 0.25), skirt (p = 0.80), fresh ham (p = 0.31) or ribs (p = 0.79). However, pigs fed the diet containing Jujube fruit had a higher percentage of Boston butt than pigs fed the carnitine or selenium supplemented diets (p = 0.01). Pigs fed added Hwangto had a higher (p = 0.04) percentage of loin compared with pigs fed supplementary selenium or Jujube fruit. Loin muscle from pigs fed carnitine had a significantly lower Hunter colour value for L (whiteness, p = 0.004) and a higher value for $a^*$ (redness; p = 0.069). The overall results indicate that supplementation with L-carnitine and selenium-enriched yeast can produce pork containing higher levels of carnitine and selenium, which could provide health benefits for consumers of pork without detrimental effects on pig performance.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study was started to study the buffer zone of Daejeon metropolitan city in order to study the policy and environment for the suitability evaluation of the use of green buffer zone. The target of the study was selected as the buffer zone of western buffer, which is frequently used in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, and a preliminary index was selected to evaluate the suitability of the green buffer zone. AHP analysis was conducted to increase the reliability of the preliminary indicators and the weight was analyzed by questionnaires to experts and practitioners. In addition, based on the existing statistical data, we rebuilt the green buffer zone and investigated the current condition, and compared and analyzed the green buffer zone and the places where they did not. The results are as follow. First, unlike the statute interpretation that construction can not be done in buffered green spaces, green buffer zones have been utilized in various ways. However, the lack of advanced citizen consciousness of the residents, the responsibility of the responsible person, and the problem of the management office alone are causing problems. Second, according to the results of AHP questionnaire analysis, functional and stability among the appropriateness indexes of green buffer zone utilization were evaluated highly. Park accessibility and utilization potential also weighed somewhat, and it was judged that the epochal trend was more important in the use of green buffer zones. Third, analysis of the status of Western green buffer zones in Daejeon showed that the utilization rate was more than half. This suggests the necessity of judging the appropriateness of the application of the green buffer zone effectively due to the change of the perception of the green buffer zone of the residents. Fourth, as a result of comparing and analyzing the site where the site is used and the site where it is not, it is found that it is used within a range that does not greatly affect each index. However, as the stability has decreased, we have decided that the utilization method is most damaging to the green zone, and we should strive to improve the stability in future. Finally, the analysis of a red clay road and a red clay road sites decreased from Class I of stability to Grade II. However, the fall figure showed a difference between the 13 % drop rate of the target location and the 5% decline rate of utilization. The difference was analyzed as the difference of width of a red clay road. This can be regarded as one of the ways of damaging the green zone to the minimum extent, which is a great advantage in selecting the future utilization plan.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.732-738
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• 2015

본 연구는 배추 재배 시 가공 황토 처리 여부에 따른 배추시료의 품질 특성을 비교하고자 배추 시료를 동일한 조건으로 재배하여 일반성분, 물성, 영양소, 기능적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 분석하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과 모든 항목에서 유의적 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 영양성분의 경우 가공 황토 처리구에서 칼륨의 함량이 무처리구와 생황토 처리구 보다 높게 나타남과 동시에 나트륨의 함량은 유의적으로 적게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 견고성 측정 결과 4주 저장 시 가공 황토 처리 배추의 견고성이 유의적으로 다른 두 처리군에 비하여 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한 저장기간동안 견고성 감소율이 낮아 가공 황토 처리구의 경우 생황토 처리구에 비하여 장기간 안정적인 조직감의 유지가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 배추 재배 시 친환경 가공 황토 소재를 화학비료 대신 적용하여 재배할 경우 배추의 영양성분이 강화된 고품질의 배추 생산이 가능해지며 저장성이 향상된 배추의 생산 또한 가능해져 국내 배추 시장의 활성을 촉진시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. 후속 연구로 가공 황토 소재로 재배한 배추김치 제품의 품질 평가를 수행하여 가공 후에도 가공 황토 소재의 기능성 유지 여부를 검증할 계획이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

우리나라 전통 숯가마로부터 제조된 숯의 표면형상과 흡착특성을 분석한 후, 습도와 온도를 조절하면서 이들의 수분 흡착성능을 측정하고 황토, 활성탄소섬유 직포 및 활성탄소섬유 종이의 수분 흡착성능과 비교하였다. 숯은 소수성이므로 45% 이하의 습도에서는 수분을 잘 흡착하지 않지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 서서히 1차식에 비례하여 증가하였다. 황토 분말도 낮은 습도에서는 숯과 유사했지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 기하급수적으로 증가하면서 Type V 등온흡착곡선을 보였다. 따라서 조선시대에 기상청 직원들이 숯과 황토의 수분 흡착능력을 일기예보에 적용하였다는 기록을 실험적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 활성탄소섬유 직포와 활성탄소섬유 종이는 수분 흡착능력이 월등하고 신속한 반응을 보이므로 습도측정 센서에 적용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 숯 조각의 등온흡착 및 탈착곡선 측정에서 흡착질인 질소의 탈착이 잘 이루어지지 않아 낮은 압력 이력현상(low-pressure hysteresis)이라는 독특한 Type I과 Type IV의 혼합형태를 보이는데, 이는 질소입자가 흡착시에 숯 세공의 틈새를 비비고 들어가 단단히 끼었다가 탈착시에 빠져나오지 않기 때문이다. 숯을 분말로 분쇄하면 이러한 틈새들이 분쇄되어 비표면적이 증가하고 낮은 상대압력에서 흡착질의 탈착량이 증가되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1258-1263
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• 2011

Soil Taxonomy 분류체계 변화에 대응하여 구릉지에 널리 분포하는 토양으로 Inceptisols인 Typic Dystrudepts로 분류되고 있는 아산통을 재분류하고, 그 생성을 구명하기 위하여 아산통 대표단면의 형태적 특성을 조사하고, Soil Taxonomy의 표준 분석방법인 Soil survey laboratory methods manual에 따라서 토양을 분석하여 Laboratory data sheets를 작성하였다. A층 (0~18 cm)은 암황갈색 (10YR 4/4)의 자갈이 있는 양토이고, BA층 (18~30 cm)은 진갈색 (7.5YR 5/6)의 자갈이 있는 양토, Bt1층 (30~52 cm)은 적색 (2.5YR 4/6)의 자갈이 있는 식양토, Bt2층 (52~98 cm)은 적색 (2.5YR 4/8)의 자갈이 있는 식양토, C층 (98~160 cm)은 적색 (2.5YR 4/8)의 자갈이 있는 양토이다. 구릉지 잔적층을 모재로 하는 토양으로 주로 임지로 이용되고 있다. udic 토양수분상과 mesic 토양온도상을 보유하며, 배수 양호하다. 아산통은 0~18 cm 깊이에 ochric 감식표층을 보유하고, 30~98 cm 깊이에서 점토집적층인 argillic층을 보유하고 있다. 또한 argillic층 상부경계에서 125 cm 아래 깊이인 155 cm 깊이에서의 염기포화도 (양이온 합)가 7.8%로 35% 미만이다. 따라서 아산통은 Inceptisols이 아니라 Ultisols로 분류되어야 한다. 아산통은 udic 토양수분상을 보유하고 있으므로 Udults로 분류할 수 있으며, Hapludults의 분류기준을 충족시키고 있다. Typic Hapludults의 분류기준을 충족시키고 있으며, 토성속 제어부위에서의 토성속이 식양질이고, 토양온도상이 mesic 온도상이기 때문에 아산통은 Fine Loamy, mesic family of Typic Dystrudepts가 아니라 Fine loamy, mesic family of Typic Hapludults로 재분류되어야 한다. 아산통은 경사가 비교적 완만하여 지형이 안정되어 있는 구릉지에 분포하고 있으므로 침식이 일어나는 것에 비하여 토양수의 하향이동에 따른 점토집적작용과 염기용탈작용이 우선되고 있다. 그 결과 점토집적층인 argillic층을 보유하는 토양으로 생성 발달되었다. 또한 Alfisols과 Ultisols을 구분하는 가장 기본적인 분류기준인 기준깊이에서의 염기포화도 (양이온 합)가 35% 미만으로서 Alfisols이 아니라 강산성 토양인 Ultisols로 발달하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2010

As sloped farmland is subject to runoff and soil erosion and consequently require appropriate vegetative coverage to conserve soil and water, a field study was carried out to evaluate the impact of crop canopy coverage on soil loss and runoff from the experimental plot with three different textural types (clay loam, loam, and sandy loam). The runoff and soil loss were examined at lysimeters with 15% slope, 5 m in length, and 2 m in width for five months from May to September 2009 in Suwon ($37^{\circ}$ 16' 42.67" N, $126^{\circ}$ 59' 0.11" E). Red pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. Daechon) seedlings were transplanted on three different dates, May 4 (RP1), 15 (RP2), and 25 (RP3) to check vegetation coverage. During the experimental period, the vegetation coverage and plant height were measured at 7 day-intervals and then the 'canopy cover subfactor' (an inverse of vegetation cover) was subsequently calculated. After each rainfall ceased, the amounts of soil loss and runoff were measured from each plot. Under rainfall events >100 mm, both soil loss and runoff ratio increased with increasing canopy cover subfactor ($R^2$=0.35, p<0.01, $R^2$=0.09, p<0.1), indicating that as vegetation cover increases, the amount of soil loss and runoff reduces. However, the soil loss and runoff were depending on the soil texture and rainfall intensity (i. e., $EI_{30}$). The red pepper canopy cover subfactor was more highly correlated with soil loss in clay loam ($R^2$=0.83, p<0.001) than in sandy loam ($R^2$=0.48, p<0.05) and loam ($R^2$=0.43, p<0.1) plots. However, the runoff ratio was effectively mitigated by the canopy coverage under the rainfall only with $EI_{30}$<1000 MJ mm $ha^{-1}hr^{-1}$ ($R^2$=0.34, p<0.05). Therefore, this result suggested that soil loss from the red pepper field could be reduced by adjusting seedling transplanting dates, but it was also affected by the various soil textures and $EI_{30}$.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.299-316
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• 2009

아산 탕정지구 외골유적에서 출토된 고려시대 와편은 외면과 속심의 색상에 따라 회색 계열, 적황색 계열, 회색-황색 계열로 세분된다. 각 그룹별 와편들은 특징적인 가비중, 흡수율, 작열감량 및 기질의 유리질화 정도를 보이나, 혼입광물의 함량과 분포 및 화학조성은 출토유구와 색상에 관계없이 비교적 균질하게 나타났다. 또한 모든 와편의 지구화학적 거동특성과 점토화 정도는 유사하며, 유적지에서 수습된 토양과도 거의 동일한 진화경향을 보였다. 와편의 소성온도는 회색 계열은 $950{\sim}1,050^{\circ}C$, 적황색 계열은 $800{\sim}900^{\circ}C$, 회색-황색 계열은 $900{\sim}950^{\circ}C$의 범위를 갖는 것으로 해석되었다. 이를 통해 와편은 유적지 일대에 분포하는 점토질 토양을 채취하여 비짐광물을 거의 첨가하지 않은 채 다양한 소성환경에서 제작되었으며, 태토의 가공과 정선 과정은 비교적 표준화된 공정이 적용되었을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1970

홍적(洪積)에 기인(基因)된 적황색토중(赤黃色土中) 생성년대(生成年代)가 오래다고 추정(推定)되는 창평통(昌平統)에 대한 형태(形態) 및 물리적(物理的) 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 관(關)하여 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하여 보면 다음과 같다. 형태적특성(形態的特性)에 있어 표토(表土)(A층(層))는 암갈색(暗褐色)의 미사질식양토(微砂質埴壤土)이며 심토(心土)(B층(層))는 암적색(暗赤色) 내지(乃至) 적색(赤色)의 미사질식토(微砂質埴土) 혹은 식토(埴土)로서 토괴표면(土塊表面)에 점토피막(粘土皮膜)이 형성(形成)되어 있다. 기층(基層)은 풍화(風化)된 석력(石礫)이 있는 홍적모재(洪積母材)이며 토양(土壤)의 깊이는 150cm 이상(以上)으로 매우 깊다. 물리적(物理的) 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)에 있어서는 강산성(强酸性)(표토(表土) 4.5 심토(心土) 5.2~5.5)이며 유기물함량(有機物含量)(표토(表土) 0.84% 심토(心土) 0.15~0.8%)이 낮음과 동시(同時) 염기치환용량(鹽基置換容量)(표토(表土) 12me/100g 심토(心土) 8.9~23.5me/100g)도 낮다. 그러나 치환침출염류(置換浸出鹽類) 총량(總量)에 의(依)한 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)(표토(表土) 55% 심토(心土) 48~85%)는 비교적(比較的) 높은 편(便)이다. 토양입자(土壤粒子)의 수직분포(垂直分布)에 있어서 표토(表土) 및 심토(心土)는 뚜렷한 변화(變化)가 없는 것으로 보아 심토(心土)에 있어 점토집적(粘土集積)은 Podzolization에 의(依)한 것이라기 보다 점토(粘土)의 기계적이동(機械的移動)에 의(依)한 것이라 추정(推定)된다. 창평통(昌平統)은 USDA 7차분류시안(次分類試案)에 의(依)하면 Typic Hapludalfs, FAO 분류방식(分類方式)에 의(依)하면 Brunic Luvisols 에 속(屬)한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.367-367
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• 2017

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was 15.8 g kg-1 and C/N rate was 20.3. Its growth was good in sandy loam and loam. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, which are approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference between soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover was 2.5 Mg ha-1, 2.3 Mg ha-1 each in sandy loam and loam. Therefore, it was approximately 0.8 ~ 1.1 Mg ha-1 higher than dry weight of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover was increased late harvest time. Nitrogen contribution were higher in loam and clay loam, when it was respectively 51.3 kg ha-1, 53.5 kg ha-1. Therefore, according to flowering properties and dry weight, the growth and development of crimson clover was finest in sandy loam and loam.