• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1981

The adult New Hampshire female chickens were phlebotomized and the blood heparinized was centrifuged. The packed cell volume was made and the hematocrit, per centage of the blood that is red cells, was reschuffled of $10\%,30\%,50\%, and 70\%$

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2015

Background: Although water chambers are often used as surrogate blood-warming devices to facilitate rapid warming of red blood cells (RBCs), these cells may be damaged if overheated. Moreover, filtered and irradiated RBCs may be damaged during the warming process, resulting in excessive hemolysis and extracellular potassium release. Methods: Using hand-held syringes, each unit of irradiated and leukocyte-filtered RBCs was rapidly passed through a water chamber set to different temperatures (baseline before blood warming, $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$). The resulting plasma potassium and free hemoglobin levels were then measured. Results: Warming RBCs to $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ induced significant increases in free hemoglobin (median [interquartile ranges] = 60.5 mg/dl [34.9-101.4] and 570.2 mg/dl [115.6-2289.7], respectively). Potassium levels after warming to $70^{\circ}C$ ($31.4{\pm}7.6mEq/L$) were significantly higher compared with baseline ($29.7{\pm}7.1mEq/L$; P = 0.029). Potassium levels were significantly correlated with storage duration after warming to $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ (r = 0.450 and P = 0.001; r = 0.351 and P = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: Rapid warming of irradiated leukoreduced RBCs to $50^{\circ}C$ may not further increase the extracellular release of hemoglobin or potassium. However, irradiated leukoreduced RBCs that have been in storage for long periods of time and contain higher levels of potassium should be infused with caution.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2013

In the present study, we aimed to analyze the antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities of nymphayol were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hot-plate tests. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. Nymphayol produced significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity in acetic acid induced writhing response and late phase of the formalin induced paw licking response. Pre-treatment with nymphayol (50 mg/kg, oral) evoked a significant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by nymphayol (50 mg/kg) was evidenced by increase in antibody titres in rats. Oral administration of nymphayol (50 mg/kg) to rats potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Treatment with nymphayol showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that nymphayol possesses potent anti-nociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1989

The effects of Gypsophila saponin, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 on volume changes and fragility of red blood cells were compared to ginseng saponin to elucidate whether there are any difference in their action on membrane lipid. Cell volume was decreased to about 38% in 1M NaCl and increased to about 20% in 1/10M NaCl. Hematocrit value was decreased by Gypsophila saponin, SDS, and Triton X-100 which caused hemolysis in isotonic NaCl solution. These detergents also inhibited increase of cell volume and accelerated hemolysis in hypotonic solution. However, ginseng saponin did not influence to osmotic volume changes and hemolysis of red blood cells. These results suggest that the disruptive effect of plant saponin on membrane barriers induced by removing membrane lipid is different from their source and ginseng saponin has very low affinity to membrane lipid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.527-529
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• 1989

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.102-106
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• 2009

We exposed ICR mice to low-dose (0.2 Gy) and low-dose-rate (0.7 mGy/h) $\gamma$-radiation ($^{137}Cs$) in the Low-dose-rate Irradiation Facility at the Radiation Health Research Institute to evaluate systemic effects of low-dose radiation. We compared the body and organ weights, number of blood cells (white and red blood cells and platelets), levels of biochemical markers in serum, and frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes between low-dose irradiated and non-irradiated control mice. The ICR mice irradiated with total doses of 0.2 and 2 Gy showed no changes in body and organ weights, number of blood cells (white and red blood cells), or frequency of micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of peripheral blood. However, the number of platelets (P = 0.002) and the liver weight (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in mice exposed to 0.2 and 2 Gy, respectively. These results suggest that a low-dose-rate of 0.7 mGy/h does not induce systemic damage. This dose promotes hematopoiesis in the bone marrow microenvironment and the proliferation of liver cells. In the future, the molecular biological effects of lower doses and dose rates need to be evaluated.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 1986

In order to investigate the antiotoxic effect of red ginseng extract on serum protein of mouse treated with methyl mercury playing a role as toxic contaminant in ecosystem, variations of the serum protein contents, electrophoretic patterns, and blood components were studied. Mice were divided into 3 groups: Control, group I treated only with methyl mercury, and group II treated together with methyl mercury and red ginseng extract. The total serum protein content of the control group was 5.8g/dl and those of groups I and II were slightly decreased as compared with the control. The control group showed 11 serum protein fractions and groups I and II showed 10 fractions except prealbumin. The amounts of albumin, ${\alpha}_1-$, ${\alpha}_2-$ globulin fractions were decreased and those $\beta$-, $\gamma$-globulin fractions were increased in groups I and II. The amount of each serum protein fraction in group II showed approximately the same level as the control. The hematocrit value and the number of white blood cells of groups I and II were increased, whereas the number of red blood cells showed the decrease as compared with the control.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1991

Effects of Allolobophora caliginosatrapezoides (Ac) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and hypersensitivity were studied in vivo. It showed that Ac polysaccharide fractions have the significant inhibitory activities of inflammation and hypersensitivity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They also inhibited significantly the Arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity in the sheep red blood cell-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer, plaque-forming cells and rosette-forming cells. They also improved markedly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats dose-dependently. As the above results, it exhibited that Ac polysaccharide fraction inhibited not only humoral immune response, but also cell-mediated immune response. It seemed that methanol and ether extracts have also another physiological active agents.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2000

To clarify the ichthyotoxic mechanisms of a harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, hematological responses of the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and red sea bream Pagrus major exposed to this algal bloom were investigated. The mortality of red sea bream was considerably larger than that of flounder, and the threshold lethal density of C. polykrikoides to the test fish was approximately 3,000 cells/ml. Blood $PO_2$declined in proportion to the increasing density of algal cells. The blood $PO_2$ of moribund fish was about $40-60\% of control test fish. Particularly, the fishes began to be killed when the blood $PO_2$ fell below 30-40 mmHg. However, the blood pH dropped almost 1.0 unit just before fish kill. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of fish exposed to C. polykrikoides of 5,000 cells/ml for 24 h and of moribund fish did not show great difference. The concentrations of plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ were slightly elevated to different magnitudes except $Ca^{2+}$ and plasma osmolality was also increased in Cochlodinium-exposed fish. In the plasma cortisol level, these values of moribund flounder and red sea bream were 4- 5 times higher than those of control fish. These results suggest that the drop of blood $PO_2$ was may be one of the principal causes of fish kill by C. polykrikoides, and the changes of other hematological parameters were secondary responses elicited by the decrease in blood $PO_2$.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

To make the objective standard of nuclear size ingrading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system(Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were $7.56{\mu}m,\;7.53{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 1, $8.92{\pm}0.98{\mu}m,\;9.02{\pm}0.74{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 2, and $12.90{\pm}1.47{\mu}m,\;12.44{\pm}1.41{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. These values would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.