• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1997

Background: Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm and its incidence varies geographically and ethnically around the world. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, but it has a wide spectrum of biologic behavior, histologic appearance, and management. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate all aspects of the clinical consideration in thyroid cancer. Method: Between 1986 and 1995, a retrospective analysis of 77 thyrod cancer patients admitted at the Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University was made to assess clinical entities. Result: By the pathological classification, the papillary carcinoma was the most common type(83.1%). Male to female ratio was 1 : 5.4 and most prevalent age group was noted from fourth decade to fifth decade(46.8%). The most common duration of illness between the appearance of the symptoms and the treatment was below 6 months(44.2%), and the most common symptom was the palpable mass at the anterior portion of the neck(96.1%). Most cases of the thyroid cancer were appeared as cold nodule in the $^{99m}$Tc-thyroid scan(95.7%). In the site of tumor location, the right and left lobe was distributed similarly. In the extent of tumor, incidence of intrathyroidal location was 41.6%, and that of the metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes was 44.2% and that of the direct capsular invasion was 27.3%, and incidence of both involved case was 13%. Surgical procedures were total thyroidectomy alone in 27 cases(35.1%) or with modified neck dissection in 6 cases(7.8%), or with radical neck dissection in 2 cases (2.6%), near total thyroidectomy alone in 22 cases(28.6%), ipsilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy alone in 12 cases(15.6%) or with modified neck dissection in 1 case(1.3%), and biopsy only in 7 cases(9.1%). The most common postoperative complications were transient hypoparathyroidism(5.2%) and transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis(5.2%). Conclusion: The major problem of management of thyroid cancer include a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour of this tumor entity, the lack of reliable prognostic factors and lack of an objective assessment of the various treatment modalities. But because of showing the favorable prognosis for most thyroid cancer, appropriate and aggressive management should be recommended.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1998

Background: To avoid the major mobidity associated with bilateral radical neck dissection, modified radical neck dissection has become established as an effective adjunctive procedure in the management of head and neck cancer. But several studies reported early postoperative internal jugular vein(IJV) occlusion in patients who underwent modified radical neck dissection. Objectives: To determine internal jugular vein patency following modified radical neck dessection performed in various head and neck cancer and to identify factors associated with venous occlusion. Materials and Methods: From Aug. 1996 to Oct. 1997, twenty three patients underwent either unilateral or bilateral modified radical neck dissection; 19 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 28 to 75 were retrospectively examined. All patients had a preoperative doppler imaging or CT or both for their initial evaluation. A follow-up examination was obtained(after a minimum postoperative period of 2 months and a maximum one of 4 months). Results: Thirty-four IJVs were examined. All but six IJVs examined were found patent postoperatively. The preservation rate of patency of the IJV in modified radical neck dissection was found to be high(28 of 34 IJVs or 82%). Conclusion: The preservation rate of patency of the IJV in modified radical neck dissection was found to be high. These results favor the use of modified radical neck dissection for IJV preservation, particularly in bilateral neck dissection. A retrospective chart review revealed that trauma of the vessel and extrinsic compression of the vein by the musculocutaneous flap or recurrent carcinoma in the neck may be the cause of the vein occlusion.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2008

Field resistance is defined as the resistance that allows effective control of a parasite under natural field condition and is durable when exposed to new races of that parasite. To identify the genes for field resistance to rice blast, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring the resistance for races and blast nursery screening in japonica rice cultivars were detected and mapped using SSR markers. QTL analysis was carried out in 190 RILs population from the cross between Suweon365 (moderately resistant) and Chucheong (highly susceptible). Twelve QTLs against nine blast races inoculated were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12. They explained from 5.1% to 34.9% of total phenotypic variation. Eight QTLs against blast nursery screening in four regions for three years were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 4.3% to 37.7%. Three chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of $BC_2F_6$ by backcross method were developed to transfer the QTLs into the susceptible cultivar Chucheong as a recurrent parent. A CSSL4-1 containing two QTLs qLB6.2 and qLB7 against blast races showed to the reaction of 6 to 7 at blast nursery in two regions for two years. The CSSL4-2 and CSSL93 containing QTLs, qLB11.2 and qLB12.1 of the resistance against leaf blast in blast nursery screening, respectively, had enhanced the resistance for blast nursery screening across two regions and in two years.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

Forty four patients with Bell's palsy were treated with acupuncture from onset and clinical observation was carried on from March 1994 through Feburary 1995. Acupuncture treatment was done 3 times per week and the acupuncture points were LI4 Hapkok, ST36 Choksamni, LI20 Yonghyang, BL2 Ch'anjuk, TE17 Yep'ung, ST4 Chich'ang, ST6 Hyopko, GV26 Sugu, CV24 Sungjang, GB14 Yangbaek and Ex-HN4 Oyo. They were inserted to a depth of 0.5 to 1.0 cm. After insertion, manipulation was carried on until the patients felt strong numbness or De Qi sensation induced by rotating or twisting needles. Through-needling in lengths varying from 2.0 to 3.5 cm was also applied from ST4 Chich'ang to ST6 Hyopko, from GV26 Sugu or CV24 Sungjang to ST4 Chich'ang and from GB14 Yangbaek to Ex-HN4 Oyo. The mean age was 39.3 and 63.6% of the patients were women, including one pregnant woman. There was no recurrent palsy in this study. By applying the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading scales, patients were evaluated weekly from the first treatment to judged recovery or the 7th week of the treatment. 86.4% of the patients were recovered completely within 7 weeks and the average healing period was 3.7 weeks.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality type and symptoms of oral mucosa disease. 393 college students completed the MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by SAS 9.2 program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Dysgeusia(p<0.05) and xerostomia(p<0.01) occurred significantly more frequently in I type than E type. 2. Herpetic stomatitis, recurrent aphthous ulcer, glossitis, dysgeusia, burning mouth syndrome and xerostomia seemed to occur more frequently in S type than in N type. 3. Most symptoms of oral mucosa disease seemed to occur the most frequently in the type including NF among 16 types of personality of MBTI. 4. Most subjects had negative attitude in curing their symptoms of oral mucosa disease(p<.0001). Significantly more subjects with I type than E type had negative attitude in curing herpetic stomatitis(p<0.01) and dysgeusia(p<0.05). 5. Most symptoms of oral mucosa disease appeared to occur the most frequently in nervous or sensitive subjects. Therefore a guideline for the individual cure of oral mucosa diseases meeting personality type is necessary.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2013

Chemical burn on the oral mucosa is caused by contact with various chemical products and manifests with localized mucositis, keratotic white lesions, bleeding, and painful tissue surface due to the coagulation of the tissue. Policresulen ($Albothyl^{(R)}$) is a topical antiseptic, commonly used over-the-counter drug for vaginitis, thrush and stomatitis. This drug is highly acidic with pH 0.6, and can act as a strong corrosive agent to oral mucosa. When inadvertently used in oral cavity, it may cause chemical burns of oral mucosa, resulting necrosis and bleeding surface resembling to erythema multifome. A 56 years old female patient presented with the chief complaints of painful ulcerations on the tongue, the upper and lower lips. On intraoral examination, an erythromatous, erosive or ulcerative surface covered with inflammatory exudates or bleeding crust is observed on the anterior half of the tongue and the upper and lower lips. She has occasionally applied the policresulen solution topically on the tongue to relieve pain from recurrent focal glossitis for about 10 years. In this time she applied it broadly and repeatedly to the tongue, the upper and lower lips for the purpose of pain relief by herself without instruction by physician or dentist. After cessation of policresulen application, the oral mucosa was rapidly recovered with use of topical steroids. In 2 weeks the lesions subsided completely. In summary, inadvertent use of $Albothyl^{(R)}$ on oral mucosa may result in chemical burn, causing mucosal erosion, ulceration and inflammation. It can be recovered by topical use of corticosteroid for 2 weeks after cessation of using $Albothyl^{(R)}$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 1999

We describe unusual manifestations of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (C.C.A.M.) of the lung, such as movable fungal ball-like intracystic blood clots and hemoptysis, which were detected in previously healthy 23 years-old woman. We identified blood clots only after left upper lobectomy and could not distinguish from fungal ball with radiographic methods. CCAM of the lung, rare and lethal form of congenital pulmonary cystic disease, was initially introduced by Ch, in and Tang in 1949. The histogenesis of this lesion is characterized by polypoid glandular tissue proliferation and overgrowth of mesenchymal elements due to cessation of bronchiolar maturation which occurred in after 16weeks intrauterine period. In 80-95% of reported cases, the lesion was confined to a single lobe and there was no lobe and right and left lung predilection The clinical presentation may be widely variable, ranging from intrauterine fetal death to late discovery in childhood with recurrent pulmonary infection. But there,s no reports which were misdiagnosed with intracystic fungal ball. The treatment choice is lobectomy of affected lobe. There,s a few case reports with rhabdomyosarcoma, bronchiolar cell carcinoma and myxosarcoma arising in CCAM patients. Therefore, early resection is recommended even if asymtomatic cases. We experienced a rare case of CCAM of the lung in 23 years old female, and there were intracystic fungal ball-like movable blood clots in lower portion of left lung. After left upper lobectomy was performed, now she is discharged and followed up without any complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2002

A tracheal bronchus, an aberrant bronchus arising directly from the trachea, is an infrequent congenital anomaly. The incidence of this anomaly ranges from 0.5 to 5%. It usually originates from the right lateral wall of the trachea at the level <2 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. These patients usually are asymptomatic, but some patients may experience recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or asthmatic episodes. A tracheal bronchus may be associated with other anomalies such as a tracheal stenosis, pulmonary agenesis, pulmonary sequestration, congenital heart disease, a pulmonary venous anomaly and Down's syndrome. This anomaly is usually diagnosed incidentally during bronchoscopy in patients with respiratory problems. Here we report a case of a 20-year-old man with a past history of bronchial asthma, which was incidentally diagnosed as a tracheal bronchus during a medical examination prior to military service, and was associated with a bilateral superior vena cava anomaly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.425-429
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• 2014

Two dogs were presented with a history of anorexia, respiratory distress, or epistaxis. On physical examination, the dogs showed difficulty breathing and open-mouth breathing and large masses were found on the hard palate and soft palate. Cardiac arrest happened in case 2 and the dog was stabilized with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and oxygen therapy. Computed tomography demonstrated that the mass occupied the oropharynx, intrapharyngeal ostium, and laryngopharynx including the hard palate and soft palate in case 1. Palliative surgery was decided to improve swallowing and breathing with owner's consent in two dogs. Buccal mucosal flaps were performed for reconstruction of defects using rotational and single-pedicle advancement flaps and bilateral 90 degree transposition flaps in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Histopathology results described the oral masses as amelanotic melanoma in two dogs. The owners reported that there was normal swallowing and breathing at 7 days postoperatively in two dogs. In case 1, recurrent tumor was identified caudal to the hard palate 4 weeks after surgery. The owner did not allow further treatment and the dog became lost to follow-up at 2 months postoperatively. In case 2, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of a local recurrence or distant metastasis at 3 weeks after surgery. The owner informed that the dog died suddenly with no signs of anything particularly wrong at 7 weeks after surgery.