• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.450-455
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• 2011

This paper presents an inverse design methodology for the cross section geometry of mold spring with a rectangular cross section as the starting material for a coiling process. The cross-sections of mold springs are universally rectangular, as the parallel sides minimize the possibility of failure under high service loads. Pre-coiled wires are initially designed to have a trapezoidal cross section, which becomes a rectangle by the coiling process. This study demonstrates a numerical exercise to predict changes in the sectional geometry in spring manufacture and to obtain the initial cross section which becomes the exact rectangle desired from the manufacturing process. Finite element analysis was carried out to calculate the sectional changes for various mold springs. Geometrical parameters were the widths at inner and outer radii, the inner and the outer corner radii, and the height. A partial least square regression analysis was carried out to find the main contributing factors for deciding initial design values. The height and the width mainly affected various initial parameters. The initial width at the inner radius was mostly affected by various specification parameters.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2009

It was reported that the semi-solid forming process has many advantages over the conventional forming process, such as a long die life, good mechanical properties and energy savings. It is very important, however, to control liquid segregation to gain mechanical property improvement of materials. During forming process, rheology material has complex characteristics, thixotropic behavior. Also, difference of velocity between solid and liquid in the semi-solid state material makes a liquid segregation and specific stress variation. Therefore, it is difficult for a numerical simulation of the rheology process to be performed. General plastic or fluid dynamic analysis is not suitable for the behavior of rheology material. The behavior and stress of solid particle in the rheology material during forging process is affected by viscosity, temperature and solid fraction. In this study, compression experiments of aluminum alloy were performed under each other tool shape which is rectangle shape(square array), rectangle shape(hexagonal array), and free shape tool. In addition, the dynamics behavior compare with Okano equation to power law model which is viscosity equation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.189-203
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• 2014

In this study, Creative motifs using face composition of Jogakbo and Knot Symbol were developed, and applied to traditional Baeja of Joseon Dynasty to develop design contents of traditional clothes. As for study method, 7 motifs of new formative image that integrates traditional beauty and contemporary sense were developed by applying Knot Symbols and face compositions of Jogakbo with the use of Adobe Illustrator CS6 and Adobe Photoshop CS6 vector graphic software. The motifs were designed in contemporary image in face compositions like rectangle pattern, triangle pattern, dual rectangle pattern, vertical and horizontal pattern, pinwheel pattern, gojunmun pattern and free pattern by involving various changes like repetition, rotation, reduction, expansion and decomposition and using the colors used in the Jogakbo. It is desired that through this study, traditional Baeja may develop to bear traditional and contemporary image so that our traditional clothes design may become global. Also it is anticipated that this study will contribute to development of culture products of Hanbok like Jeogori, pants and skirt that require change of design in the global era while maintaining traditional beauty to appeal to the emotions of world citizens.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

In this paper, it is designed inverted triangle structural planar monopole antenna with edge and rectangle slot for UWB(Ultra Wide Band) communication (3.1~10.6 GHz) and researched in about 5.8 GHz notch structure to prevent interference between UWB systems and existing wireless systems for using Wi-Fi service. The antenna have broadband property structurally through inverted triangle structural planar monopole which have edge. and rectangle form addition planned notch slot of 1 mm and height 0.1 mm. Monopole and ground of proposed antenna exist on coplanar plane, and excite as CPW. It used FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate of ${\varepsilon}r$=4.4, and the size is $20{\times}20{\times}1.6$ mm dimension. The measured results that are obtained return loss under -10 dB through 3.1~10.6 GHz(7.5 GHz) without Wi-Fi bandwidth and maximum gain of 8.44 dBi at E-plane. Radiation pattern is about the same that of dipole antenna at all frequency. And using notch slot and it will be able to confirm the quality which becomes notch from 5.8 GHz which are a radio LAN frequency range.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1243-1248
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• 2006

Object tracking in a real time image is one of interesting subjects in computer vision and many practical application fields past couple of years. But sometimes existing systems cannot find object by recognize background noise as object. This paper proposes a method of object detection and tracking using adaptive background image in real time. To detect object which does not influenced by illumination and remove noise in background image, this system generates adaptive background image by real time background image updating. This system detects object using the difference between background image and input image from camera. After setting up MBR(minimum bounding rectangle) using the internal point of detected object, the system tracks object through this MBR. In addition, this paper evaluates the test result about performance of proposed method as compared with existing tracking algorithm.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

A TPR-tree is a well-known indexing structure that is developed to answer queries about the current or future time locations of moving objects. For the purpose of space efficiency, the TPR-tree employs the notion of VBR (velocity bounding rectangle)so that a regionalrectangle presents varying positions of a group of moving objects. Since the rectangle computed from a VBR always encloses the possible maximum range of an indexed object group, a search process only has to follow VBR-based rectangles overlapped with a given query range, while searching toward candidate leaf nodes. Although the TPR-tree index shows up its space efficiency, it easily suffers from the problem of dead space that results from fast and constant expansions of VBR-based rectangles. Against this, the TPR-tree index is enforced to update leaf nodes for reducing dead spaces within them. Such an update-prone feature of the TPR-tree becomes more problematic when the tree is saved in flash storage. This is because flash storage has very expensive update costs. To solve this problem, we propose a new Bloom filter based caching scheme that is useful for reducing updates in a flash TPR-tree. Since the proposed scheme can efficiently control the frequency of updates on a leaf node, it can offer good performance for indexing moving objects in modern flash storage.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-199
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• 2011

The area formula for a plane figure represents the relations between the area and the lengths which determine the area of the figure. Students are supposed to understand the relations in it as well as to be able to find the area of a figure using the formula. This study investigates how 5th grade students understand the formulas for the area of triangle, rectangle and parallelogram, focusing on their understanding of functional relations in the formulas. The results show that students have insufficient understanding of the relations in the area formula, especially in the formula for the area of a triangle. Solving the problems assigned to them, students developed three types of strategies: Substituting numbers in the area formula, drawing and transforming figures, reasoning based on the relations between the variables in the formula. Substituting numbers in the formula and drawing and transforming figures were the preferred strategies of students. Only a few students tried to solve the problems by reasoning based on the relations between the variables in the formula. Only a few students were able to aware of the proportional relations between the area and the base, or the area and the height and no one was aware of the inverse relation between the base and the height.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.325-336
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to provide fundamental information on the validity and credibility of the Korean geometric psychological assessment (GEOPIA) by investigating the degree of relation between the GEOPIA and the MBTI. Data was collected from 331 subjects aged 19 to 70, residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Jeolla Province, or Gyeongsang Province. Participants completed the GEOPIA and the MBTI during the period of May to September 2017. The study calculated Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ to verify the tests' validity and reliability through SPSS. For the relational analysis between the results of the tests, we conducted a one-way analysis of variance on the first group of the GEOPIA's personality types, and the Scheffe Test if significant relationship was found. The study found that the circle type was predisposed to ESFJ, the triangle type to ESTJ, the rectangle type to ISTJ, and S type to INFP. Higher scores of feeling (F) and perceiving (P) corresponded to circle and S types, thinking (T) and judging (J) for triangle and rectangle types, extroversion (E) for circle and triangle types, and introversion (I) for rectangle and S types. These confirmed the substantial relations between the GEOPIA and the MBTI.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.983-990
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• 2004

Multiple-count problem is occurred when rectangle objects span across several buckets. The CD histogram is a technique which selves this problem by keeping four sub-histograms corresponding to the four points of rectangle. Although It provides exact results with constant response time, there is still a considerable issue. Since it is based on a query window which aligns with a given grid, a number of errors nay be occurred when it is applied to real applications. In this paper, we propose selectivity estimation techniques using the generalized cumulative density histogram based on two probabilistic models : \circled1 probabilistic model which considers the query window area ratio, \circled2 probabilistic model which considers intersection area between a given grid and objects. Our method has the capability of eliminating an impact of the restriction on query window which the existing cumulative density histogram has. We experimented with real datasets to evaluate the proposed methods. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is superior to the existing selectivity estimation techniques. Furthermore, selectivity estimation technique based on probabilistic model considering the intersection area is very accurate(less than 5% errors) at 20% query window. The proposed techniques can be used to accurately quantify the selectivity of the spatial range query on rectangle objects.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.731-741
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• 2000

This paper proposes a method to detect a facial region and extract facial features which is crucial for visual recognition of human faces. In this paper, we extract the MER(Minimum Enclosing Rectangle) of a face and facial components using projection analysis on both edge image and binary image. We use an active contour model(snakes) for extraction of the contours of eye, mouth, eyebrow, and face in order to reflect the individual differences of facial shapes and converge quickly. The determination of initial contour is very important for the performance of snakes. Particularly, we detect Minimum Enclosing Rectangle(MER) of facial components and then determine initial contours using general shape of facial components within the boundary of the obtained MER. We obtained experimental results to show that MER extraction of the eye, mouth, and face was performed successfully. But in the case of images with bright eyebrow, MER extraction of eyebrow was performed poorly. We obtained good contour extraction with the individual differences of facial shapes. Particularly, in the eye contour extraction, we combined edges by first order derivative operator and zero crossings by second order derivative operator in designing energy function of snakes, and we achieved good eye contours. For the face contour extraction, we used both edges and grey level intensity of pixels in designing of energy function. Good face contours were extracted as well.