• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Ever-growing recreation, tourism and ecotourism worldwide have become a significant factor of resource degradation in many protected areas. Managers of these areas are increasingly challenged to implement policies, strategies and actions that would protect the resource base while providing quality visitor experience. One major issue in managing protected area visitations is that of carrying capacity, or the question of "how much use is too much\ulcorner". Scientific studies of visitor impacts, often known as recreation ecology, has generated a knowledge base that provides valuable input to the visitor carrying capacity management process adopted by the U.S. National Park Service. This paper aims at (a) providing an overview of recreation ecology research and its application in managing visitor carrying capacity, and (b) examining the relevance of recreation ecology to East Asian protected areas with special reference to the visitor capacity issue.ity issue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to examine resource characteristics affecting the overall recreation suitability of natural recreation forest. On the basis of resource-based approach, we had constructed a conceptual framework for this research and found one dependent variable of the overall recreation suitability and eight independent variables, representing characteristics of recreation resource. After questionnaire surveying of 690 visitors from 10 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea. We have analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method. We have found that 1) physical factor of recreation resources turned out to be statistically insignificant and the direction of relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is the same as that of dependent variable, 2) noise, sound and smell turned out to be the most important variable in terms of magnitude of independent variable and wild life turned out to be the next important variable, and 3) noise, sound and smell turned out to have aboutn 3.3 times greater thant that of landscape, judging from the absolute value of standardized regression coefficient. The research findings can be used for planning and designing of natural recreation forests based on recreation suitability of forest resources, and will provide pertinent guidelines for management of recreation resources of natural recreation forests. The approach and method of evaluating recreation suitability employed in this research provide us valid and reliable results and will be highly useful in other resource-based recreation development. We suggest that the differences in recreation suitability between private and public recreation forests and the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation suitability of natural recreation forests must be examined in the future research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study is focused on finding out the character of urban recreation forest and investigating facilities regulations of forest resources around urban areas to meet future recreation needs. The method of this study is to compare urban recreation forests with similar facilities like urban parks and natural recreation forests. By this way, this study not only identifies the characteristics of urban recreation forest as emerging recreational facility, but also outputs regulations that can be adapted to real environment. Urban recreation forest is defined as follows: It has forest with good natural landscape and easy access. It makes emotion rich and its function is focused on outdoor recreation nature education, and experiences for family group mainly within a day or on weekends. This study suggests that the minimal area of urban recreation forest should be over 100,000$m^2$, with a facility ratio less than 20%. Building coverage should be less than 7% when the urban recreation forest is under 300,000$m^2$, less than 5％ when 300,000∼500,000$m^2$, and less than 3％ when over 500,000$m^2$ The limits of building height is 3 stories, or under 12m. This study finds out the character, the needs of urban recreation and the criterion for project feasibility. significance of the result is supplying theoretical basement on related regulation. Based on the results, further study will establish landscape management method and legislation & application in a detailed examination.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.961-969
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze conceptional structure between visitor's satisfaction and loyalty in the national natural recreation forests. The results of this study showed that facility, natural resources and view, staff service of recreation forest had positive effect on visitor's satisfaction. Reservation system, accessibility, and usage fee of recreation forest was not related to visitor's satisfaction. In addition, visitor's satisfaction was found to have positive effect on visitor's loyalty such as revisiting intention and word of mouth. As a result, managers of recreation forest need to enhance visitor's satisfaction, to improve rate of revisiting intention and to incite word of mouth through building management strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

In order to achieve the management goals (30by30) mandated by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, this study established the site-level assessment criteria for OECMs, tailored to domestic circumstances using the Delphi analysis. Subsequently, a site-level assessment was conducted on the National Gariwangsan Natural Recreation Forest. As a result of the study, the initial step involved presenting criteria for the site-level assessment of OECMs, with 'consent for the assessment and recognition of OECM by competent and management authority' proposed as a prerequisite. Subsequently, seven evaluation criteria were established, including 'other than a legally protected area', 'spatially separated area with defined boundaries', 'effective in-situ conservation of biodiversity', 'sustainable management based on the competent and management authority', 'long-term sustainability of conservation outcomes', and 'provision of ecosystem services'. The results of applying site-level assessment criteria to the National Gariwangsan Natural Recreation Forest indicate that six criteria were met, while one criterion (sustainable management based on the competent and management authority) requires further improvement. Specifically, the key competent and management authorities for the National Gariwangsan Natural Recreation Forest are the Korea Forest Service and the National Natural Recreation Forest Management Office, with competent and management organizations established. However, the management focus is primarily on providing forest recreation services centered on users and facilities, making it difficult to confirm the long-term biodiversity conservation plans and implementation by the competent and management authorities. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the long-term biodiversity conservation plans and implementation for the recognition of the National Gariwangsan Natural Recreation Forest as an OECM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.372-382
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• 1992

Recreation planning is essential activity to meet changing demands and to protect the resources. The recreation opportunity specturm(ROS) system is a principal part of a recreational management planning. In this study, the basic concepts and tenets of the ROS system described and reviewed the feasibility of applying to forest recreation planning to the Korean national forest. In Korea, the forest land as a major recreation place has used without the rational planning process. The control for the laissez-faire use on the forest area, the classification of recreational opportunity settings is the most important process and then it make a useful tool for providing proper recreational opportunity and site development guidance. Opportunity settings classification can help maintain diversity and enhance protection of forest resources. It can also improve the quality of recreational experiences and the management action guidances. GIS technology using the ARC/INFO could be useful in current attempts to identify analysis areas for predictive modeling of forest recreation site planning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resource value of existing mud flats in JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO, as strategies for ecotourism. The research methods used in this study are Limits of Acceptable Change(LAC), and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum(ROS). The LAC process draws attention to the existing area conditions that are judged to be acceptable. Managers must define desired area conditions and undertake actions to maintain or achieve these conditions. The ROS is within each of the recreation opportunity classes identified as being used at the regional level. The Results of this study are as follows: 1) The Opportunity Class of the ROS is ecological, physical, social, managerial setting as primitive, semi-primitive. non-motorized, semi-primitive$.$motorized, and roaded natural. 2) The indicator of the LAC is ecological, physical, social, and managerial setting; the indicator of ecological is wildlife populations, water quality, road paving; the indicator of physical is facilities; the indicator of social is visitor needs for knowledge, adventure, eco-experience, and environmental education programs; and, the indicator of managerial is limits of law, and degree of management. 3) Currently, the Opportunity Class of the ROS of JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO is levels II-III, and the Opportunity Class of the suggested ROS is levels I-II. 4) This paper describes strategies for mud flat area management: detection of water quality, resolving problems of equipment, supply of both environmental education programs and guide equipment.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Smart tourism research and development have mainly focused on the benefits of smart tourism technologies to certain stakeholders with transactional relationships in destinations. However, smart technologies in destinations could also cause several negative outcomes, leading to social, ethical, and moral issues. Such issues arise from the power imbalance between different stakeholders of smart tourism development. To mitigate the adverse effects of smart technologies, destinations need to enunciate the essential moral and ethical principles when developing smart tourism. Therefore, adopting descriptive and normative approaches to stakeholder theory, this paper proposes a framework to showcase several methods to address the issues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of local residents' nature environment attitudes to recreation forest development impact perceptions and to examine application possibility of nature environment attitude to resolution information of recreation forest management conflicts. 30 items of residents' perceptions and opinions were designed from previous tourism impact studies. The new environmental paradigm(NEP) was used to measure local residents' nature environment attitudes. In October 1995, 204 questionnaires were obtained from interview survey in local residents' villages near two recreation forests. Generally most local residents perceived low economic effects and negative environment impacts for recreation forest development. Nature environment attitude levels were significant differences due to socioeconomic variables of local residents, specially high in age, education level and influenced their perceptions toward recreation forest development impacts. The results suggested that the nature environment attitudes could be provided a useful referential framework in resolution of recreation forest management conflicts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.367-373
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• 2018

The main purpose of this article is to explore the use of movies (i.e., cinematherapy) as a recreation therapy intervention tool. This paper begins with literature review regarding the concepts and origin of cinematherapy and introduces cinematherapy as a viable intervention option as in recreation therapy or other clinical settings. The authors provide detailed guidelines for the process of cinematherapy sessions and other practical recommendations and considerations for incorporating cinematherapy into recreation therapy practice. Guided sample questions for the debriefing stages are illustrated and lastly, examples of movies that can be used in cinematherapy suggested by recreation therapists.