• Title/Summary/Keyword: recovery period

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A Study on the Spectacles Wearing State of High School Students (고등학생들의 안경착용에 관한 연구)

  • Doo, Ha-Young;Sim, Sang-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2000
  • This study is of investigation of refraction error, spectacles and contact lenses wearing state, visual acuity test, ophthalmologic common sense and vision care, using questionnaire study for 850 male and female high school students in Kunsan and Chongup City, Cheolla North Province. The results are as follows: 1. Among the 823 answerers, emmetropia is 18%, myopia is 55.1%, and hyperopia is 7%, respectively. 2. Among the 837 answerers, 381 students(45.5%) wear spectacles or contact lenses. Among the 381 students who wear spectacles or contact lenses, 78% wear only spectacles, 4% wear only contact lenses and 18% wears spectacles sometimes or contact lenses sometimes. 3. The places where the answerers had visual acuity test to wear spectacles or contact lenses are optical shop(64.7%), hospital(28.3%), unchecked(4.2%) and the others(2.7%). The places where the answerers had visual acuity test to change their spectacles or contact lenses are optical shop(82%), hospital(28.3%), unchecked(6.6%) and the others(1.9%). 4. As for the period of visual acuity test, from 6 months to one year is 54.1%, within 6 months is 9.2%, from one year to two years is 29.5%, and more than two years is 7.2%. 5. The contact lens wearers purchased their contact lenses at optical shops(94%) and at hospital(6%). 6. The reasons why they like wearing contact lenses are their appearance(51.2%), convenience in physical excercise(23.l%), lighter weight than spectacles(9.8%) and the others(15.7%). 7. As for the spectacles frame they like, plastic frame is 24.4%, gold or silver plated frame is 43.4%, coloured frame is 32.1%. 8. As for the considerations in choosing spectacles frame, their design is 37%, their quality is 36%, their price is 14.7% and their brand is 12.5%. 9. As for the period for changing spectacles, 10.5% is within 6 months, 57.3% is 6months to 1 year, 22.4% is 1 year to 2 months and 9.6% is more than 2 years. 10. There is a false fact, in Korea, that even though one has his poor eyesight, not wearing custom is helpful for the eyesight recovery. As for their conviction of the false fact, 10.5% of the answerers have 100% conviction, 22.5% of them have 22.5% conviction, 49.5% of them have 50% conviction and 17.5% of them don't have any conviction. 11. 48.5% of the answerers are interested in their vision care while 51.5% of them are not interested at all. As for the way of vision care, the vision-care way to keep enough distant when they are watching TV, when they are using computers and when they are reading, is 49% while the vision-care way such as hypogastric breathing or eye massage is 11%. And alimentotherapy is 4% and the rest who are not interested in vision care is 36%. 12. When they come to an age, the students who want vision correction operation are 45.9% while the students who do not want it are 27%. The students who do not have any idea about the operation are 27.1%

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A Study on the Relationship between the Experience of Sanhujori, the Traditional Postpartal Care in Korea and Present Health Status of Chronic Arthritis Female Patient (만성관절염 여성 환자의 산후조리 경험과 건강상태와의 관계)

  • Yoo, Eun-Kwang;Lee, Sun-Hyae;Kim, Myoung-Hee
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.217-230
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhuujori, Korean traditional non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present health status of chronic arthritis female patient who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at a hospital located in Seoul, Korea. A convenience sample of 64 women who orally agreed to be a participant and data were collected form October 1996 to May, 1997 for sis months by way of interview with semistructured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS pc program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants was 53.2 years and mean number of children was 3.1. Mean frequency of abortion was 2.1 times per woman. Seventy four percentage of respondents did not have Sanhujori after abortion. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 17.7, 15.2, 13.8 days from the first child to third child and shorter than that of general woman such as 20.0, 19.0, 17.3 days in the previous study. On the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori wrongly' was the highest rank in each child where as general woman 'did Sanhujori well' at the first child, 'moderate' at the second and third child and 'did Sanhujori wrongly' at the 4th and fifth child. The health status implies both subjective health status women perceived and the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress women are experiencing presently. The respondents of 82.5% perceived them as unhealthy or sick and 68.9% of women complained more than two symptoms. Mean number of physical symptom distress women complained was 2.33. The main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities 69.1% including knee and hand, whole body 19.1%, neck 3.7%, waist & shoulders 2.7% respectively. The characteristics of the symptoms were mostly pain 60%, swelling 19.8%, rigidity & deformity 7.9% respectively, sensation of heat 6.8% and weakness 1.7%. Women perceived the etiology of the chronic arthritis as stress 25.8%, 'did Sanhujori wrongly' & overwork 23.4% respectively, genetic 12.9%, malnutrition, 4.8%, and aging process 3.2%. There were significant positive correlation between subjective health status and the period of Sanhujori after delivery of the second child(r=-0.22) and negative correlation with the number of child at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=0.27). There were significant negative correlation between the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress and the subjective evaluation whether she did Sanhujori well or not at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=-0.23). And the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress in the group of women who experienced abortion was significantly higher than that of women who did not experience it at the level of 5% significance statistically(t=2.00) In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the possible relationship between health status of chronic arthritis female patient and the experience of Sanhujori after delivery & abortion. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhujori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the crosssectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of not only as cultural phenomenon but as conceptual model for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcomes.

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Preliminary Study on the Development of a Platform for the Optimization of Beach Stabilization Measures Against Beach Erosion III - Centering on the Effects of Random Waves Occurring During the Unit Observation Period, and Infra-Gravity Waves of Bound Mode, and Boundary Layer Streaming on the Sediment Transport (해역별 최적 해빈 안정화 공법 선정 Platform 개발을 위한 기초연구 III - 단위 관측 기간에 발생하는 불규칙 파랑과 구속모드의 외중력파, 경계층 Streaming이 횡단표사에 미치는 영향을 중심으로)

  • Chang, Pyong Sang;Cho, Yong Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.434-449
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we develop a new cross-shore sediment module which takes the effect of infra-gravity waves of bound mode, and boundary layer streaming on the sediment transport into account besides the well-known asymmetry and under-tow. In doing so, the effect of individual random waves occurring during the unit observation period of 1 hr on sediment transport is also fully taken into account. To demonstrate how the individual random waves would affect the sediment transport, we numerically simulate the non-linear shoaling process of random wavers over the beach of uniform slope. Numerical results show that with the consistent frequency Boussinesq Eq. the application of which is lately extended to surf zone, we could simulate the saw-tooth profile observed without exception over the surf zone, infra-gravity waves of bound mode, and boundary-layer streaming accurately enough. It is also shown that when yearly highest random waves are modeled by the equivalent nonlinear uniform waves, the maximum cross-shore transport rate well exceeds the one where the randomness is fully taken into account as much as three times. Besides, in order to optimize the free parameter K involved in the long-shore sediment module, we carry out the numerical simulation to trace the yearly shoreline change of Mang-Bang beach from 2017.4.26 to 2018.4.20 as well, and proceeds to optimize the K by comparing the traced shoreline change with the measured one. Numerical results show that the optimized K for Mang-Bang beach would be 0.17. With K = 0.17, via yearly grand circulation process comprising severe erosion by consecutively occurring yearly highest waves at the end of October, and gradual recovery over the winter and spring by swell, the advance of shore-line at the northern and southern ends of Mang-Bang beach by 18 m, and the retreat of shore-line by 2.4 m at the middle of Mang-Bang beach can be successfully duplicated in the numerical simulation.

Comparative Analysis of Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities from Two Chrysanthemum Varieties, 'ARTI-purple' and 'ARTI-queen' by Chronic Irradiation of Gamma-ray (감마선 완조사에 따른 국화 'ARTI-purple'과 'ARTI-queen'의 생육 및 항산화 효소 활성 비교 분석)

  • Sung, Sang Yeop;Lee, Yu-Mi;Kim, Sang Hoon;Ha, Bo-Geun;Kang, Si-Yong;Kim, Jin-Baek;Kim, Dong Sub
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.490-495
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    • 2013
  • Two chrysanthemum varieties, 'ARTI-purple' and 'ARTI-queen', were chronically irradiated with doses of 30, 50, 70, and 100 Gy for four weeks in gamma-phytotron, a long term irradiation facility. We investigated the growth, responses of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, APX; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD; superoxidase dismutase, SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under different doses of chronic-irradiation. The five plant growth measurements including plant height, number of leaves, internode length, stalk diameter and leaf thickness were investigated immediately after four week irradiation. The plant height (p<0.001), internode length (p<0.01), the number of leaves (p<0.001) and stalk diameter (p<0.05) were significantly decreased an increasing doses of gamma-ray. Among them, especially, the internode length was remarkably decreased showing the RD50 (Reduction Dose 50) at approximately 65 Gy. The antioxidant response after four weeks of recovery period, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (p<0.01), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.01) and peroxidase (POD) (p<0.001) were significantly increased with an increasing dose of gamma-ray. And malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.01) contents showed the significant increase at the 70 and 100 Gy which means the oxidative stress was lasting for a considerable period. In this study, the 50 Gy irradiation as optimal dose showed higher growth than the $RD_{50}$, it also showed insignificant differences on the antioxidant responses and MDA contents. However, the 100 Gy dose showed lower growth than $RD_{50}$.

Conversion of an Anaerobic Digester to Thermophilic Range (혐기성소화조(嫌氣性消和槽)의 고온(高溫)에로의 전환(轉換))

  • Chang, Duk;Chung, Tai Hak
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 1986
  • Conversion of anaerobic mesophilic digestion to thermophilic range has been investigated using a synthetic sludge. When temperature was raised at a rate of 2, 1, and $0.5^{\circ}C$ per day with continuous feeding, a lower reaction rate was observed with a high rate of temperature change. Although methane fermentation ceased completely for an digesters at thermophilic temperature, acid fermentation continued. Methane fermentation was never achieved even with neutralization during 6 months of resting. The methane formers were completely inactivated by the temperature shock and accumulation of volatile acids due to continuous feeding, while the acid formers lost biological activity quickly, but gradually acclimated to a high temperature. When temperature was raised without feeding, successful thermophilic digestion was achieved with 1 day of resting at thermophilic temperature at a rate of $1^{\circ}C$ per day, and also achieved with 20 days of resting at a direct increase. Conversion to a thermophilic range is easily achieved with resting. A short period of resting is required at a low rate of temperature increase, while a long period of resting enough to balance methane formers with acid fermers makes a conversion possile when temperature is raised at a high rate. Soured thermophilic digesters were recovered after seeding of mesophilic sludges, and sludge seeding could be a good method of start-up, conversion, or recovery of a thermophilic digester. Significant amount of thermophiles seemed to be present in the mesophilic digesters.

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Transient Splenial Lesions in the Splenium of Corpus Callosum in Seven Patients: MR Findings and Clinical Correlations (뇌량 팽대의 일과성 병변: 7명의 환자에서의 자기공명 영상소견과 임상 양상의 연관성)

  • Park, Ju Young;Lee, In Ho;Song, Chang June;Hwang, Hee Youn
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2013
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is to correlate the imaging findings and the clinical findings in patients with transient splenial lesions (TSL). Materials and Methods: Total of 7 patients (M: F = 4: 3; age range 11 - 38 years, mean age 25.5 years) were studied between November 2006 and April 2011. The MRI findings and clinical findings in all patients were retrospectively reviewed. The location, MR signal intensity, restricted diffusion, enhancement pattern and reversibility from the follow up images were reviewed. Clinical features were reviewed with respect to the presented symptoms, signs, treatment and outcome. Results: The lesions were located in the splenium of corpus callosum in all patients. All lesions showed high signal intensity on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and six patients showed restricted diffusion on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. ADC map was not available in one patient. All lesions (n = 7) showed high signal intensity on the T2 weighted image (T2WI). Five of the patients (71.4%) with follow up images (range 7 - 34 days) showed complete resolution of focal high signal intensity on DWI, with recovery of ADC values as well as T2WI. After contrast media administration, none of the lesions showed any enhancements. All lesions with various etiologies including TB medication were developed in younger age patients and showed reversibility after the acceptable period of minimum 7 days with conservative treatment. Conclusion: All TSL showed nonspecific imaging findings, including restricted diffusion on DWI and ADC map on the initial images. However, reversibility of the lesions and the young age preference can be a characteristic finding of TSL with acceptable period of minimum 7 days. In addition, to keep it in mind that various etiologies including TB medication may cause TSL, is important for radiologists as well as clinicians.

A clinical study of child bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area : 2001-2005 (대전·충청 지역의 소아 세균성 수막염에 대한 임상적 연구 : 2001-2005)

  • Lee, Yong Joo;Lee, Soo Jin;Park, Ho Jin;Lee, Young Hyuk;Kang, So Young;Kim, Young Chang;Lee, In Kyu;Lee, Kyung Yeon;Lee, Keon Su;Kim, Won Seop
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2007
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, causative organism, clinical manifestation and prognosis of bacterial meningitis for children after the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 53 medical records who had been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis at 10 general or university hospitals in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. All patients aged 1 month-14 years admitted between January 2001 through December 2005. Results : During the 5-year study period, 40 of all cases were positive for bacterial growth. Of the 40 cases that were CSF culture-proven bacterial meningitis, Streptococcus peumoniae was the most common bacteria for 17 (32.1%) of all cases, followed by H. influenzae for 10 (18.9%), Neisseria meningitidis for 3 (5.7%). In this study, the most common clinical manifestation is fever, accompanied by all cases. CSF leukocyte count was more than $100/mm^3$ in 45 (84.1%) cases. CSF glucose concentration was less than 50 mg/dL in 42 (79.2%) cases and protein concentration was more than 45 mg/dL in 49 (92.5%) cases. 45 of all cases made a recovery after treatment and were discharged. Most common complication after treatment is subdural effusion (19.0%) and hearing disturbance (9.4%). Conclusion : The most common organism of culture-proven bacterial meningitis in the children beyond neonatal period was S. pneumoniae. Continued surveillance studies were demanded to know the altered incidence of bacterial meningitis, because we expect the incidence of S. pneumoniae meninigitis will be on the decrease after more active innoculation of pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine.

A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder (견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome)

  • Jeon, Jae-Soo;Lee, Sung-Keun;Song, Hoo-Bin;Kim, Sun-Jong;Park, Wook;Kim, Sung-Yell
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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Study on Press-drying of Sapwood and Heartwood of Oak (상수리나무 변재(邊材)와 심재(心材)의 열판건조(熱板乾燥)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Jung, Hee Suk;Lee, Phil Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 1977
  • Press drying was used on sapwood and heartwood of oak (Qercus acutissima Carruthers) to find profitable means of drying low grade logs. This study was designed to investigate the process of press drying considering core temperature, current moisture content, drying rate, drying time, final moisture content, dimensional change and drying defects. The drying tests were conducted using 1.5 centimeter thick material at platen temperature of $175^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 35psi. The results were summarized as fallows. 1. Core temperature was divided into three stages of drying characterized by initial heating period, plateau temperature, and period of rising core temperature. Plateau temperature of heartwood material was higher and longer than that of sapwood material. 2. The predicting equation for change in drying rate of sapwood material was log y=-2.7925-0.0811x as function of time. That of heartwood material was log y=-3.3382-0.0468x. 3. Sapwood material reduced the moisture content from 59 to 2.5 percent in 45minutes. Heartwood material reduced the moisture content from 64 to 3.3 percent in 55 minutes. 4. Shrinkage during press drying were 20.4 percent in thickness direction and 2.5 percent in width direction. Recovery on equilibrium conditioning at 65 percent relative humidity and temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. were 11.4 percent in thickness direction and 49.4 percent in width direction. 5. Heartwood material developed severe honeycombing and moderate checking. The sapwood material dried without honeycombing, checking and collapse. All material kept wood flat.

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The Psychophysiologic Response in Korean Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (범불안장애환자의 정신생리적 반응)

  • Chung, Sang-Keun;Hwang, Ik-Keun
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 1997
  • Objectives: The psychophysiologic response pattern between healthy subjects and patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and the relationship among anxiety rating scales and those patterns in patients were examined. Methods: Twenty-three patients with generalized anxiety disorder(AD) and 23 healthy subjects were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HRSA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before baseline stressful tasks. Subjective Units of Distress were evaluated just before baseline period, immediately after stressful tasks, at the end of the entire procedure, and psychophysiologic measures, i.e., skin temperature(ST), electromyographic activity(EMG), heart rate(HR), electrodermal response(EDR) during baseline & rest and during two psychologically stressful tasks (mental arithmetic, TM; talk about a stressful event, TT) were also evaluated. Results: 1) AD group showed significantly higher EMG level during rest after stressful tasks and higher HR level during all period except TM compared to control group. 2) AD group showed lower change in the startle response(SR) of ST, in the SR & the recovery response(RR) of EMG during TM, and in the RR of EDR immediately after TM than control group. AD group showed that the RR of EDR was significantly lower than the SR during stressful tasks. 3) We found that there was significantly negative correlation between state anxiety and the RR of EDR after TT in AD group. We also found that there were significantly positive correlations between HRSA score and the SRs of EDR during stressful tasks, and between state anxiety and the SR of EDR during TT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with generalized anxiety disorder show higher autonomic arousal than healthy subjects and decreased physiologic flexibility or reduced autonomic flexibility.

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