• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.659-663
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• 2001

In Japan, the municipal solid waste, which amounts to 50 million tons, is generated every year and most of it is incinerated. The bottom and fly ashes are disposed to the registered disposal areas under the provisions of The Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law. Especially, as the fly ash from the municipal waste incineration (the primary fly ash) contains heavy metals (lead, zinc, etc) and dioxins, it cannot be disposed directly without decontamination, such as moiling, cementation, chelating and dissolving processes provided in the law. However, these procedures for decontamination, except melting, are not enough for dioxins. Even in case of melting, the fly ash from the process (the secondary fly ash) contains high concentration of heavy metals (e.g., Zn; 1-20%, Pb; 1-10%). For these reasons, Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), a governmental organization, started a four-year project to develop the treatment technologies of these fly ashes in 1999. The purpose of the project is to establish the integrated technologies to recover the valuable metals from, and to decontaminate, the primary and secondary fly-ashes in the practical scale by utilizing the existing metallurgical processes and facilities, along with the energy saving and the reduction of the environmental impact.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1993

생물고분자 생산을 위하여 오니에서 slime을 생산하는 Zoogloea ramigera 115를 선택하였다. 추출한 생물고분자는 카드뮴, 아연 같은 금속에 대해서 높은 흡착성능을 나타냈다. 특히 발효조 broth는 높은 흡착성능을 나타냄으로써 부가적인 분리공정없이 생물흡착제로서 사용 가능할 것이다. 생물고분자는 calcium alginate bead 형태로 고정화되어 유가금속 회수를 위하여 충전층 반응기에 사용되었다. 생물흡착제는 구리, 카드뮴, 망간, 아연에 대하여 80% 또는 그이상의 높은 제거율을 나타냈으며 흡착-탈착-재흡착 실험에서 높은 안정성을 나타냈다. 고정화된 생물고분자 시스템은 이온교환수지와 같은 다른 중금속 제거 시스템과 경쟁력 및 잠재적인 산업상 응용 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

For the remediation of the contaminated soil with heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb, the reaction parameters were optimized. Tartaric acid (TA) and oxalic acid(OA) as a washing agent and recovery of metals, The optimum washing conditions of TA and OA were in the ratio of 1 : 20 between soil and acid solution during 2hr reaction under unbuffered pH solutions. At the optimized reaction conditions, the removal efficiencies were compared with that of 0.1 M HCl and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA). TA showed higher efficiency on the removal of Pb than that of EDTA, which established for the remediation of contaminated soil with Pb and Cd metals. The recovery of metal ions from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide by forming the precipitation of metal hydroxide and metal slfied. Optimum amounts of sodium sulgide and calcium hydroxide were Cd = 25g/$\ell$, Cu = 5~10g/$\ell$ and Pb = 5~10g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of OA and 2~5g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of TA, respectively. The amounts of $Na_2S$ and $CA(OH)_2$ for the tartaric acid was less than that of oxalic acid.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.469-477
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• 1994

Many researchers have investigated most representative sequential extraction method using various reagents for determining the chemical forms of metals in soils and sediments. In this paper, a newly modified method for sequential extraction scheme based on Tessier's method by Environmental Geochemistry Research, Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College, was introduced and examined. In comparison with Tessier's method, originally designed for sediment analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), the sequential extraction scheme has been developed for the multi-element analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The partitioning of particulate trace elements was classified into five fractions: (i) exchangeable, (ii) bound to carbonates or specially adsorbed, (iii) bound to Fe and Mn oxides, (iv) bound to organic matter and sulphides and (v) residuals. The experimental results of the pilot study for in-house reference material (HRM2) and certified international standard reference material (SRM2711) using the modified method showed not only reasonable precision and accuracy but also acceptable overall recovery rates. In addition, mine dump soils sampled in the Dalsung Cu-W mine, Korea were prepared and sequentially extracted using the method. Most of Cu was bound to organic matter/sulphides and residual fractions. The dominant fraction of soil Pb and Zn in the study area was found in the residuals. The fraction of Cd showed a wide variation between samples and could be found bound to the carbonates or specially adsorbed, oxides, organic fraction and residuals. The recovery rates of Cd, however, were poor due to relatively low Cd concentrations in soils. The heavy metals in these mine dumps appear to be in the more inert forms and should not be readily bioavailable. The soils, however, had very low pH values (average 4.1) and had sandy textures; consequently, rapid infiltration of rainfall may increase leaching of Zn and Cd which were found to be around 5 to 10% of the exchangeable fraction. As a result of the investigation of this study, it has been strongly recommended that these mine waste materials should still be considered a significant contaminant source and will need environmental remediation to prevent pollutants from being released into the environment.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.435-442
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• 1993

루빈산이 결합된 카르복시메틸화된 폴리아민-폴리우레아(RCCPPI) 수지가 클로로카르복시메틸화된 폴리아민-폴리우레아(CCPPI) 수지와 루빈산으로부터 1단계 반응에 의하여 합성되었다. 이 수지의 구조는 적외선 분광광도법, 원소분석 및 시차열분석법으로 확인되었다. 이 수지에 대한 중금속 흡착특성은 용액의 pH를 변화시키면서 뱃치법에 의하여 분포계수($K_d$)를 측정하고, 프론탈크로마토그래피법으로 관류점을 측정하여 조사하였다. 중금속 이온용액을 이 수지로 충진된 관에 통과시킴에 의하여 고농도의 나트륨, 칼슘 및 아세트산염 용액 중에 존재하는 미량 중금속 이온을 최적 pH에서 농축 및 회수 정량할 수 있었다. 농축 인자는 25 이상이었고 흡착된 중금속들은 0.025M EDTA 용액(pH 9.0)으로 회수 정량하였다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

중금속은 첨가제 성분이나 오염으로 인해 식품용 플라스틱 기구 및 용기, 포장 제품에 유입되어 식품을 통해 인체로 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 독성을 가진 7종의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 니켈, 크롬, 안티몬, 구리, 망간)을 선정하고 국내 유통되는 16재질 137개 제품들에서의 이행량을 파악하여 위해도 평가를 수행하였다. 대상 검체들은 4% 초산을 식품모사용매(70℃, 30분)로 적용하여 이행시험을 수행하였다. 동시분석을 위해 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석법(ICP-MS)을 적용했으며 선형성, 검출 한계(LOD), 정량 한계(LOQ), 회수율, 정밀도를 측정하고 확장불확도를 산출하여 정량결과의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 모니터링 결과, 전체적으로 불검출 (ND) ~ 8.76 ± 11.87 ㎍/L의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 대부분이 평균 1 ㎍/L 미만의 미량으로 확인되었다. 또한 안티몬이 PET 재질에서 다른 재질들에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높게(p < 0.05) 측정되었다. 마지막으로 위해도를 평가한 결과, 국내 유통되는 제품들의 중금속들은 인체안전기준 대비 모두 안전한 수준으로 유지되고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2018

This paper reports the results of field evaluation to determine the levels of heavy metals in major industrial complexes in Korea over a seven year period (2007~2013). The measurement of heavy metal was conducted using quartz fiber filter sampling and ICP-AES analysis. In order to validate the analytical performance of these methods, studies were also carried out to investigate data quality control(QC) parameters, such as the method detection limit (MDL), repeatability, and recovery efficiencies. The average concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) for the nine industrial complexes in Korea were $104{\sim}169{\mu}g/m^3$, which was higher than other industrial complexes and urban areas. The Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes were shown to be the biggest contributing sources to high TSP emission ($159{\mu}g/m^3$ and $169{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively). The concentrations of heavy metals in TSP were higher in the order of Fe>Cu>Zn, Pb, Mn>Cr, Ni, As and Cd. It was observed that Fe was the highest in the Gwangyang and Pohang steel industrial complexes. The concentrations of Zn and Pb were high in Onsan, Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes, and this was attributed to the emission from the nonferrous industry. Additionally, Cr and Ni concentrations were high in the Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes due to plating industry. On the other hand, Ulsan and Onsan industrial complexes showed high Cr and Ni concentrations as a response to the emission of metal industry related to automobile. The correlation analysis revealed the high correlation between Cr and Ni in plating industry from Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes. Adding to this, components related to coal combustion and road dust showed high correlation in Pohang and Gwangyang industrial complexes. Then Onsan and Ulsan industrial complexes showed high correlation among components related to the nonferrous metals.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.242-246
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• 2005

The heavy metal analysis (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni) with various extraction methods was performed using the certified sample and real soil sample. In case of the certified samples, $10.5{\sim}118%$ of recovery was showed with various ranges depend on the metal kinds and extraction methods. Also, the alkali-digestion method was showed the proper results by applying in hexavalent chromium. In case of real sample, compared to amounts of heavy metals extracted using 0.1N-HCl, those extracted using acid digestion are higher by $3{\sim}24$ times in Cu, $1.1{\sim}1.5$ times in Cd, $2{\sim}23$ times in Pb, $3{\sim}104$ times in Zn, $12{\sim}101$ times in Ni, $30{\sim}202$ times in Cr. There is no considerable difference between four acid digestion methods.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.448-452
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• 2001

An Experimental study was carried out to develop a simple method of processing copper waste sludge which is produced by PBC manufacturing. The procedure is based on leaching of wet sludge in 2N H$_2$SO$_4$, and the solid / liquid ratio is controlled approximately at 1/10. The recovery of copper is 85.4%, and pH of the leachate is 3.20. Adding ammonia solution into leachate forms ammine, and hydroxide compounds derived from other impurities in leachate at pH 10. The hydroxide compound can be treated by ferrite process, and the product is a stable oxide compound. Then the ammine solution is heated to evaporate ammonia, and the copper hydroxide is formed. Heating at 8$0^{\circ}C$by aeration, copper hydroxide is transformed into copper oxide with a purity of 98.4%. This process can recover most copper from sludge and the residue can be stabilized by the formation of a stable oxide compound which is not hazardous to environment.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.306-315
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• 1996

납 내성균인 P. aeruginosa의 균체내 납 축적 특성, 축적형태 및 균체내에 축적된 납의 회수 방법을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 납 농도가 100mg/l인 용액중에서 처리 48시간 후 납 내성균주의 납 처리율은 약 97% 이상이었다. 납이 축적된 균체를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 균체의 cell wall과 cell membrane에 많은 electron-dense granule들이 형성되어 있었으며, electron-dense granule들을 EDS로 분석한 결과, 이 granule들은 lead complex인 것으로 확인되었다. 공시균주의 균체내 축적된 납은 증류수에 의해서는 거의 탈착이 되지 않았으나 EDTA 처리에 의해서는 약 87% 이상 탈착되었다. 납이 축적된 균체를 $550^{\circ}C$에서 회화시켰을 때 건조균체량의 약 30%에 해당하는 작열잔류화합물들이 생성되었으며, 이 작열잔류화합물들을 EDS로 분석한 결과, 납이 약 86% 이상 함유되어 있는 비교적 순수한 납 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다.