• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 1998

Pain is commonly characterized as a multi-dimensional experience, varing in quality as well as in intensity. So, We need to understand the lived experience of primiparous women in order to provide basic information of nursing care. Therefore, The purpose of the study is to explore the construction of labor pain experience. The data are collected through in-depth interviews of 20 primiparous women in Pusan city from March 1998 to May 1998. Their labor pain experiences conducted 1-2 days after delivery at admission room. Each interview lasted about 25 minutes average. I have interviews one time with each subject. The record was taken with the consent of the subject. Data were analyzed by means of Giorgi's phenomenological analysis methods and categorized according to the similarities of its contents. The investigator read the data repeatedly to identify and categorized themes and main meaning. Eleven themes of labor pain as experienced by these subjects were : 1) fear 2) suffering 3) evasion of pain 4) will power about overcome 5) support need 6) apprehension of parent 7) producing confidence 8) obtain his roles 9) attributing the cause of labor pain to others 10) not feeling of touching 11) ambivalence. Five main meaning identified were : 1) fear 2) evading and confrontation 3) the maturity of personality 4) unreality 5) ambivalence. The significes of this study for nursing are : 1) It enables nurses and other health care providers understand more clearly the lived experience of labor pain. 2) It provides that the way of more effective pain management.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Allowing only authorized users to record and inquire in the ledger, private blockchain technology is attracting attention from institutions and companies. Based on distributed ledger technology, records are immutable. Because news via the Internet can be easily modified, the possibility of manipulation is high. Some false communication report systems are designed to prevent such harm. However, during the gap between the false communication report and verification time, contents on the website can be modified, or false evidence can be submitted intentionally. We propose a system that collects evidence using a headless browser for more accurate false communication management, and securely preserves evidence through a private blockchain and prevents possibilities of manipulation. The proposed system downloads original HTML, captures the website as an image, stores it in a transaction along with the report, and stores it in a private blockchain to ensure the integrity from acquisition to preservation of evidence.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.48
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• pp.45-92
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• 2016

Corporations report their economical, environmental, social influences and achievements through sustainability reports. Apart from the financial reports, which are subject to legal restrictions, sustainability reports inform non financial achievements of a corporation, thus the reliability of the information is solely dependent on the corporation itself. The current sustainability reports are of types that cannot include proof or source of the index data, thus they are tended to be regarded as means of publicity. The reliability of the reports is often questioned. This research applied the concept of Evidence-Based Accountability, which will allow the confirmation of accountability through records including contents and context of the tasks. Evidence-Based Accountability means producing and accumulating witness records of actions, then managing the records as usable information and use them as accountability information. Index data from sustainability reports of domestic corporations and web based reports of Vodafone was reviewed. Measures to link task records as proof of index data was studied. To make this possible, record production and acquisition system was redesigned in order to secure required records as evidence. Linked build-up of SR system and RMS was proposed. The proposed system will allow collection and management of records as SR accountability information, and provide the data when necessary. Also, corporate infrastructure was proposed. This infrastructure will build a professional records management system in stages, through organizational system and regulations. Cooperation of staff in this infrastructure will support reliable corporate accountability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.95-103
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• 2010

Raw files record luminance values corresponds to each pixel of a digital camera sensor. In digital imaging, controlling exposure to capture the first highlight stop is important on linear-distribution of raw file characteristic. This study sought to verify the efficiency of ETTR method and found the optimum over-exposure amount to maintain the first highlight stop to be the largest number of levels. This was achieved by over-exposing a scene with a raw file and converting it to under-exposure in a raw file converting software. Our paper verified the efficiency of ETTR by controlling the exposure range and ISOs. Throughout the results, if exposure increases gradually 6 steps, dynamic range is also increased. And it shows that the optimized exposure value is around + $1\frac{2}{3}$ stop over compared to the normal exposure with the high ISOs simultaneously. We compared visual noise value at $1\frac{2}{3}$ stop to the normal exposure visual noise. Based on the normal exposure's visual noise, we can confirm that visual noise decrement is increased by increasing ISOs. In this experimental result, we confirm that overexposure about + $1\frac{2}{3}$ stop is the optimum value to make the widest dynamic range and lower visual noise in high ISOs. Based on the study results, we can provide the effective ETTR information to consumers and manufacturers. This method will contribute to the optimum image performance in maximizing dynamic range and minimizing noise in a digital imaging.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Owing to recent advanced techniques in information and communication technology(ICT), our daily life has been changing very quickly and our life style has also been affected greatly. In the current knowledge and information society, the disabled can have a right to enjoy benefits of advanced ICT technologies. However, there is a barrier called digital divide so that the disabled have some difficulties to communicate to the world with ICT technologies. In this sense, our job is to close digital divide and let the disabled enjoy benefits of ICT technologies. Recently there have been some research works to close digital divide between the disabled and the non-disabled. Among various attempts to close digital divide, improving web accessibility for the disabled is the biggest concern since web is a still representative tool among ICT tools. The purpose of this paper is to propose some practical guidelines for improving web accessibility for the disabled. The proposed improvement guidelines are developed based on the existing web accessibility guidelines and are upgraded for more adaptable to the disabled. Our principles are based on the following philosophy. First, any input transmission must be more confirmed. Second, prevent any instant request. Third, allow the disabled to record or store the contents if necessary. Fourth, reduce physical movement for the disabled. Fifth, provide more interaction tools for the disabled.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-182
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• 2023

This study analyzed the structure and utilization of subject headings in the National Library of Korea Subject Headings List (NLSH) based on an analysis of subject headings assigned to 1,218,867 national bibliographies from 2003 to 2022. The findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, among all subject headings in the NLSH, there were 257,103 preferred terms, accounting for 50.2% of the total terms. Foreign language terms constituted 33% (169,466), while non-preferred terms comprised 12% (61,442). Among the preferred terms, 57,312 subject headings were used, accounting for 22.3%. However, it was observed that 54.7% (31,351) of these subject headings were assigned less than 5 times, indicating that only a small number of subject headings were frequently utilized. Secondly, the frequency of relationship indicators appeared in the order of RT, BT, and NT. The NLSH consisted of 12,602 top-level subject headings and 143,704 lowest-level subject headings, with a maximum depth of 17 levels. Thirdly, on average, 1.72 subject headings were assigned per bibliographic record. The number of subject headings assigned and the depth of the hierarchy increased for materials with more specific contents. Recent bibliographic records have been assigned more subject headings and deeper into the hierarchy of the NLSH. It was also found that the number of subject headings assigned per bibliography varied depending on the main class of KDC. Based on the findings, it is recommended to evaluate the coverage of terms in the NLSH, reorganize hierarchical relationships and depth of subject headings, and enhance the development of subdivisions within the NLSH.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.3
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• pp.33-64
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• 2001

This essay introduces the basic method and program required to meet some necessary conditions of building university archives. By the phrase 'method and program', I intend the effective means of regularly but circumstantially controling the ways to the archival purposes proper which can be defined as the keeping of evidences and the broadening of information pool in terms of the evidential and informational natures or values of records. My starting point is about the matters of overcoming a standard method of induction which has long prescribed much passive procedures in the archival work. Considering the differences in the records and archives management-practices between West and Korea, I tentatively try to add some active elements to the archival work among which the collection for the expanding evidences and informations may firstly emphasized. While this collecting activity normally depends on the existing 'collections' and 'manuscripts', I cannot exclude the possibility of collections the materials, being likely to be registered in any poor or insufficient record groups. In the similar context, this kind of activity may and must be expanded beyond the university boundaries so at to arrange the cornerstones of archive-based local studies in the various disciplines. Here I premise another role of university archives, the role as 'science archives'. These archives within university archives seem likely to function in likewise the special collections within Western university libraries. What I mean here, however, is the archival groups purposedly gathered or acquisited according to more detail and narrower plan in order to meet the various demands from the different disciplines for the primary sources. The archival procedures from this revised method and program may, I hope, satisfy some of the preconditions of building university archives before the archives will actually function as a sub-institution of an university preserving legal, administrative and financial evidences, thus keeping identity and continuity of the university on the one hand, and as a local information center of supplying the archival contents on effectual demand from the field of local studies on the other. Finally, I conclude with a suggestion concerning the cooperation of all the parties of archival works. Proposing the 'Regional Research Center Program' in the field of technology and engineering as a model for the cooperation, I suggest that universities, private/public organizations, and central and local governments may work together for surveying the scattered ancient and modern documents as well as for building archives under the matching fund.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.267-293
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• 2022

A webzine issued by a public institution not only plays a role in communication between members of the institution and its users, but is itself a meaningful record. In addition, as one of the management techniques of the archives, there is a growing awareness that active marketing is needed to promote the service and allow potential users to visit the archives. Therefore, efforts should be made to increase user satisfaction by identifying user needs, composing content reflecting them, and selecting user-centered interfaces appropriately. The purpose of this study is to design 'On-Gi', a newsletter of the Presidential Archives, as a user-participating smart platform in a smart device environment. As a research method, we first looked at the current status of webzine publication by relevant domestic institutions. Next, we compared and analyzed the issue of 'On-Gi' provided by the Presidential Archives and major contents. Based on this, a design model of the webzine for the marketing of the Presidential Archives was proposed. This can be used as a key marketing strategy for the Presidential Archives in the new user environment of technological innovation of smart devices.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 2001

The World Wide Web has become one of the major services provided through Internet. When searching the vast web space, users use bookmarking facilities to record the sites of interests encountered during the course of navigation. One of the typical problems arising from bookmarking is that the list of bookmarks lose coherent organization when the the becomes too lengthy, thus ceasing to function as a practical finding aid. In order to maintain the bookmark file in an efficient, organized manner, the user has to classify all the bookmarks newly added to the file, and update the folders. This paper introduces our learning agent called BClassifier that automatically classifies bookmarks by analyzing the contents of the corresponding web documents. The chief source for the training examples are the bookmarks already classified into several bookmark folders according to their subject by the user. Additionally, the web pages found under top categories of Yahoo site are collected and included in the training examples for diversifying the subject categories to be represented, and the training examples for these categories as well. Our agent employs naive Bayesian learning method that is a well-tested, probability-based categorizing technique. In this paper, the outcome of some experimentation is also outlined and evaluated. A comparison of naive Bayesian learning method alongside other learning methods such as k-Nearest Neighbor and TFIDF is also presented.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.88-104
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• 2009

Changes in a society and visual media has a tight relationship. Photography represented the last 20th century in the visual media; while the 21st century we live in is represented by moving image(video). The change of visual media also brought changes to the archaeological recordings. As information is gathered from the field work in archaeology, it seems that use of video recording, a reliable way of collecting and recording data, will increase. The process of archaeological excavations can be considered as a contents itself. Also, video recording has many advantages when recording environmental surrounding of the sites and artifacts, for the reservation of the scenery, and as recorded heritage of the humankind. Video recording can be a tool of conversion to public archaeology to devote to its social and academic roles. Considering all of the above, studying ways to record and preserve visual materials is essential in the field of archaeology and we should be prepared for it. We strongly propose reinstatement of the visual archaeology, which should be studied in archaeological perspective. The direction of the study of visual archaeology can be summarized into two. First is the study on the video recording during field work and the archive of video recordings. Second is the study on the media as the tool of communication. More detailed and organized research should be considered in depth in the archaeological theory and methods.