• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2020

화학사고를 예방하기 위한 장외영향평가서에서는 유해화학물질 취급시설의 화학사고 위험도를 산정하고, 적절한 안전성 확보방안을 확보하도록 유도한다. 위험도를 산정하는 방법은 '사고영향범위 내 주민 수'와 '취급시설의 사고발생빈도'의 곱이다. 현재 장외영향평가서에서는 사고영향범위 내 피해 유형으로 영향범위 내 주민 수만 고려하고 있고, 환경수용체에 대한 정량적 고려가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환경수용체를 고려한 위험도 산정 방식을 제안하였고, 가상의 시나리오 분석을 통해 주민에 대한 고려만 이루어진 위험도와 환경수용체를 고려한 위험도 산정방식을 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 연구를 통하여, 화학사고 예방을 위한 장외영향평가 제도에서 중·장기적으로 환경수용체를 고려한 위험도 분석의 필요성을 확인하고 방법론을 제안하였으며, 향후 정책 및 제도개선의 기초자료로 활용하기를 기대한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

It has been known that calcium antagonists also inhibit the radioligand binding to muscarinic and $\alpha$-adrenergic receptors and, in case of verapamil, these inhibitions may play a role in the effects of verapamil on the heart. In this study, the effects of nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, diltiazem and verapamil on the binding of [$^3H$]dihydroalprenolol (DHA) to dog cardiac ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors were examined. A single uniform [$^3H$]DHA binding site ($K_D/= 5nM\;and\;B_{max}=2600$ fmol/mg protein) was identified in dog cardiac sarcolemma. [$^3H$]DHA binding was not affected by the usual therapeutic concentrations of these calcium antagonists (nanomolar range) but in the "nonspecific"concentration ranges ($28-180{\mu}m$) these drugs inhibited [$^3H$]DHA binding to $\beta$-adrenergic receptors. Nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine and diltiazem competed for [$^3H$]DHA binding to ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors with dissociation constants ($K_i$) of $28{\mu}m,\' 74{\mu}m, 39{\mu}m \;and \;35{\mu}m,$ respectively. Verapamil ($K_i=176.5 {\mu}m$) was less potent inhibitor than other drugs and this inhibition was noncompetitive; the maximal binding capacity ($B_{max}$) $300 {\mu}m$ verapamil without change in the apparent dissociation constant (4K_D$) for DHA. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of calcium antagonists at high concentrations on ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors is not involved in the therapeutic effects of these drugs by the calcium channel blocking action.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

The action of melatonin within the body of animals is known to be mediated by melatonin receptors. Three different types of melatonin receptors have been identified so far in fish. However, which of these are specifically involved in puberty onset is not known in fish. We cloned and analyzed the sequence of melatonin receptor 1a (mel 1a) gene in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In addition, we examined the tissue distribution of gene expressions for three types of receptors, mel 1a, 1b and lc and investigated which of them is involved in the onset of puberty by comparing their expression with that of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor I (GnRHr I) gene using quantitative real-time PCR from 1 week post hatch (wph) to 24 wph. The mel 1a gene of Nile tilapia consisted of two exons and one bulky intron between them. Mel 1a gene was found to be highly conserved gene showing high homology with the corresponding genes from different teleost. All three types of melatonin receptor genes were expressed in the brain, eyes and ovary in common. Expression of mel 1a gene was the most abundant and ubiquitous among 3 receptors in the brain, liver, gill, ovary, muscle, eye, heart, intestine, spleen and kidney. Mel 1b and mel 1c genes were, however, expressed in fewer tissues at low level. During the development post hatch, expressions of both mel 1a and GnRHr I genes significantly increased at 13 wph which was close to the putative timing of puberty onset in this species. These results suggest that among three types of receptors mel 1a is most likely associated with the action of melatonin in the onset of puberty in Nile tilapia.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related death in women, but the main biological causes remain open questions. Hormonal factors have been considered to be an important determinant causing ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and its analogs have clinically therapeutic value in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, numerous studies have shown that the potential of GnRH-II in normal reproductive system or reproductive disorder. GnRH-I receptors have been detected in approximately 80% of ovarian cancer biopsy specimens as well as normal ovarian epithelial cells and immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cells. GnRH-II receptors have also been found to be more widely expressed than GnRH-I receptors in mammals, suggesting that GnRH receptors may have additional functions in reproductive system including ovarian cancer. The signal transduction pathway following the binding of GnRH to GnRH receptor has been extensively studied. The activation of protein kinase A/C (PKA/PKC) pathway is involved in the GnRH-I induced anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GnRH-I induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation plays a role in anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and the activation of transcriptional factors related to cellular responses. However, the role of GnRH-I and II receptors, there are discrepancies between previous reports. In this review, the role of GnRH in ovarian cancer and the mechanisms to induce anti-proliferation were evaluated.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2007

GABA is primary an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is localized in inhibitory interneurons. GABA is released from presynaptic terminals and functions by binding to GABA receptors. There are two types of GABA receptors, $GABA_{A}-receptor$ that allows chloride to pass through a ligand gated ion channel and $GABA_{B}-receptor$ that uses G-proteins for signaling. The $GABA_{A}$-receptor has a GABA binding site as well as a benzodiazepine binding sites, which modulate $GABA_{A}$-receptor function. Benzodiazepine GABAA receptor imaging can be accomplished by radiolabeling derivates that activates benzodiazepine binding sites. There has been much research on flumazenil (FMZ) labeled with $^{11}C-FMZ$, a benzodiazepine derivate that is a selective, reversible antagonist to GABAA receptors. Recently, $^{18}F-fluoroflumazenil$ (FFMZ) has been developed to overcome $^{11}C's$ short half-life. $^{18}F-FFMZ$ shows high selective affinity and good pharmacodynamics, and is a promising PET agent with better central benzodiazepine receptor imaging capabilities. In an epileptic focus, because the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor amount is decreased, using $^{11}C-FMZ$ PET instead of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET, restrict the foci better and may also help find lesions better than high resolution MR. $GABA_{A}$ receptors are widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, and can be used as an viable neuronal marker. Therefore it can be used as a neuronal cell viability marker in cerebral ischemia. Also, GABA-receptors decrease in areas where neuronal plasticity develops, therefore, $GAB_{A}$ imaging can be used to evaluate plasticity. Besides these usages, GABA receptors are related with psychological diseases, especially depression and schizophrenia as well as cerebral palsy, a motor-related disorder, so further in-depth studies are needed for these areas.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.44-58
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• 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells, key antitumor effectors of the innate immune system, are endowed with the unique ability to spontaneously eliminate cells undergoing a neoplastic transformation. Given their broad reactivity against diverse types of cancer and close association with cancer prognosis, NK cells have gained considerable attention as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. NK cell-based therapies have demonstrated favorable clinical efficacies in several hematological malignancies but limited success in solid tumors, thus highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to restore and optimize anti-tumor activity while preventing tumor immune escape. The current therapeutic modalities yielding encouraging results in clinical trials include the blockade of immune checkpoint receptors to overcome the immune-evasion mechanism used by tumors and the incorporation of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptors to enhance NK cell anti-tumor specificity and activity. These observations, together with recent advances in the understanding of NK cell activation within the tumor microenvironment, will facilitate the optimal design of NK cell-based therapy against a broad range of cancers and, more desirably, refractory cancers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Bitter taste receptors are taste signaling pathway mediators, and are also expressed and function in extra-gustatory organs. Skin aging affects the quality of life and may lead to medical issues. The purpose of this study was to better understand the anti-skin aging effects of bitter taste receptors in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aged human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Expressions of bitter taste receptors in HaCaT cells and mouse skin tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Bitter taste receptor was overexpressed in HaCaT cells, and D-gal was treated to induce aging. We examined the effects of bitter taste receptors on aging by using β-galactosidase assay, wound healing assay, and Western blot assay. RESULTS: TAS2R16 and TAS2R10 were expressed in HaCaT cells and were upregulated by D-gal treatment. TAS2R16 exerted protective effects against skin aging by regulating p53 and p21, antioxidant enzymes, the SIRT1/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TAS2R10 was further examined to confirm a role of TAS2R16 in cellular senescence and wound healing in D-gal-induced aged HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a novel potential preventive role of these receptors on skin aging by regulating cellular senescence and wound healing in human keratinocyte, HaCaT.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2023

Background: Serotonin receptors can be divided into seven different families with various subtypes. The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor is one of the most abundant subtypes in animal brains. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the brain has been reported in various animals but has not been studied in horses. The 5-HT1A receptor functions related to emotions and behaviors, thus it is important to understand the functional effects and distribution of 5-HT1A receptors in horses to better understand horse behavior and its associated mechanism. Methods: Brain samples from seven different regions, which were the frontal, central, and posterior cerebral cortices, cerebellar cortex and medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus, were collected from six horses. Western blot analysis was performed to validate the cross-reactivity of rabbit anti-5-HT1A receptor antibody in horse samples. Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the localization of 5-HT1A receptors in the brains. Results: The protein bands of 5-HT1A receptor appeared at approximately 50 kDa in the frontal, central, and posterior cerebral cortices, cerebellar cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus. In contrast, no band was observed in the cerebellar medulla. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the cytoplasm of neurons in the cerebral cortices, thalamus, and hypothalamus were immunostained for 5-HT1A receptors. In the cerebellar cortex, 5-HT1A was localized in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study suggests that 5-HT and 5-HT1A receptor systems may play important roles in the central nervous system of horses, based on the widespread distribution of the receptors in the horse brain.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.558-558
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• 2005

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.393-393
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• 2005