• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2024

This paper examines the trends of AI Foundation Model development and the competition to lead the related ecosystem, which have been rapidly unfolding since the emergence of ChatGPT, focusing on big tech companies in the United States. Based on this understanding of background knowledge, I analyzed and presented the main contents of the initial report reviewed by the UK competition authority, CMA, on potential competition issues that may arise in the process of innovations resulting from FM development. In addition, the trend and background of the CMA's investigation into the OpenAI-Microsoft partnership, whose importance has recently been highlighted, were also explained. It is expected that a reasonable domestic policy plan will be established by referring to these UK policy trends and monitoring & analyzing domestic industries.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2024

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.20 provides guidance on the comprehensive vibration assessment program (CVAP) to be performed on reactor internals during preoperational and startup tests. The purpose of the program is to identify loads that could cause vibration in the reactor internals and to ensure that these vibrations do not affect their structural integrity. The structural vibrational analysis program involves creating finite element analysis models of the reactor internals and calculating their structural responses when subjected to vibration loads. The appropriateness of the structural analysis methodology must be demonstrated through benchmarks or any other reasonable means. Although existing structural analysis methodologies have been proven to be appropriate and are widely used, this paper presents the development of an improved new structural analysis methodology for APR1400 reactor internals using scaled model tests.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-261
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• 2013

The bearing mechanism of pile during installation and loading process which controls the deformation and distribution of strain and stress in the soil surrounding pile tip is complex and full of much uncertainty. It is pointed out that particle crushing occurs in significant stress concentrated region such as the area surrounding pile tip. The solution to this problem requires the understanding and modeling of the mechanical behavior of granular soil under high pressures. This study aims to investigate the sand behavior around pile tip considering the characteristics of sand crushing. The numerical analysis of model pile loading test under different surcharge pressure with constitutive model for sand crushing is presented. This constitutive model is capable of predicting the dilatancy of soil from negative to positive under low confining pressure and only negative dilatancy under high confining pressure. The predicted relationships between the normalized bearing stress and normalized displacement are agreeable with the experimental results during the entire loading process. It is estimated from numerical results that the vertical stress beneath pile tip is up to 20 MPa which is large enough to cause sand to be crushed. The predicted distribution area of volumetric strain represents that the distributed area shaped wedge for volumetric contraction is beneath pile tip and distributed area for volumetric expansion is near the pile shaft. It is demonstrated that the finite element formulation incorporating a constitutive model for sand with crushing is capable of producing reasonable results for the pile loading problem.

• 기술사
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

This Report intends theoretical background of urban planning, related national law system and instances to be researched and concluded as follows below and also to be shared with planners working in the field of urban planning technique services. Revision of new laws and systems are necessary for the reasonable Urban Regeneration promotion through comprehensive and systematic supporting composition revision. For the reason hereafter urban regeneration shall be various and inclusive in society, economy, culture, environment, resident participation. etc., the development model for regeneration project complying with Korean Urban Regeneration condition is required. Diversity and flexibility through governance system are required to ensure city competitive power.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.51-82
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• 1996

This study compare and analyzes recent school library standards in advanced countries including Britain, United States and Japan. The examination is based on the changing process of standards and development of school library in the each countries. To Suggest the model of reasonable standard for the activation of school library in Korea, the study has identified the common elements ; staff, material, environments, management and cooperative system, and learning skill with curriculum of school library standards showed in the each of advanced countries.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1993

The family disaggregation model of hierarchical production planning (HPP) is the problem of (0 -1) mixed integer programming that minimizes the total sum of setup costs and inventory holding costs over the planning horizon. This problem is hard in a practical sense since optimal solution algorithms have failed to solve it within reasonable computation times. Thus effective familoy disaggregation algorithm should be developed for HPP. The family disaggregation algorithm developed in this paper consists of the first stage of finding initial solutions and the second stage of improving initial solutions. Some experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of developed disaggregation algorithm.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.920-923
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose Class Diagram With Constraints (CDWC) as an object oriented modeling technique which makes validation possible in software development. CDWC is a simple and basic model for the object oriented analysis, and has a reasonable strictness for software developers. CDWC consists of class diagrams and constraints (invariant and pre/post conditions), using UML and a subset of OCL.. We introduce a method of validation of CDWC using the verification technique of algebraic formal specification language CafeOBJ.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.407-412
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• 2003

Railroad line capacity is influenced by Quantitative and Qualitative factors which is applied by parameter to calculate it. But these parameters have been used experiential value without analyzing its reasonability or appropriate level. In this paper, we introduce the concept of robustness to Quantify parameter and evaluate robustness of it. For this purpose, we develop parameter evaluation simulator and present it. If this simulator is utilized, we can find the parameter having appropriate robustness and it will be applied to calculate more reasonable and systematic railroad line capacity.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.295-304
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• 2002

예를 들어, 옥션에서 실시하고 있는 경매 서비스가 타 쇼핑몰과 비교할 때 우위성을 토대로 사업을 강화시키고 발전시켜 나갈 경우에 국내 인터넷 비즈니스에서 가장 강력한 모델이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 현재까지 옥션은 인터넷 경매시장에서 확고 부동한 선두자의 자리를 취하고 있으며 수수료 수입이 거래 규모와 비례하는 관계를 보이고 있다. 또한 향후경매 인구확대 및 시장규모 증대시 옥션의 수익 증가가 추가적으로 이루어질 전망이다. 이와 같은 인터넷 상거래와 네트워킹 마케팅이 결합될 경우 유통 및 소비혁명을 이루어갈 것으로 예상된다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Fly ash and silica fume belong to industry by-products that can be used to produce concrete. This study shows the model of a neural network to evaluate the strength development of blended concrete containing fly ash and silica fume. The neural network model has four input parameters, such as fly ash replacement content, silica fume replacement content, water/binder ratio, and ages. Strength is the output variable of neural network. Based on the backpropagation algorithm, the values of elements in the hidden layer of neural network are determined. The number of neurons in the hidden layer is confirmed based on trial calculations. We find (1) neural network can give a reasonable evaluation of the strength development of composite concrete. Neural network can reflect the improvement of strength due to silica fume additions and can consider the reductions of strength as water/binder increases. (2) When the number of neurons in the hidden layer is five, the prediction results show more accuracy than four neurons in the hidden layer. Moreover, five neurons in the hidden layer can reproduce the strength crossover between fly ash concrete and plain concrete. Summarily, the neural network-based model is valuable for design sustainable composite concrete containing silica fume and fly ash.