• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd dissolved in seawater was assessed measuring the concentrations recorded within blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after two weeks exposure period. The Pb and Cd concentration within the whole body of two testing organisms increased according to the exposure concentrations, and the such tendency was clear specially from the mussel. Maximum metal concentration reached $5,260({\pm}70)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Pb reared under 5.0 mg/L Pb, $1,040({\pm}40)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Cd reared under 1.0 mg/L Cd in the mussel, and indicated that the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd was directly related to the rearing medium concentrations. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) reached very high values for Pb (maximum value: $12,100{\pm}1,400$) in the mussel reared under lowest Pb concentration (0.01 mg/L). The BCF value for Cd in the mussel were also far higher at exposure to low Cd concentration than high Cd concentration. At higher external concentrations, the BCF for Cd and Pb declined. This demonstrated the ability of two testing organisms to rapidly uptake heavy metals particularly when exposed to low external concentration. The mean Pb concentration was slightly higher in the gill of mussel than in the digestive gland, while Cd showed a higher level in the digestive gland than in the gill.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a postpartum nursing intervention program for immigrant women and evaluate the effects on postpartum depression, child rearing confidence, home environment, and infant temperament. Methods: This research was a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. Participants were pregnant immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines residing in Kyunggi province and Seoul. Twenty women were assigned to the intervention group, and 19 women to the control group. For the intervention group, the women were visited at home and provided emotional support and parenting education for three months. To analyze the intervention effects, repeated measure ANOVA and t-test were used. Results: Child rearing confidence was higher in the experimental group than the control group at interaction effect of time and group, six weeks and three months postpartum. However, there were no significant effects for maternal depression, infant temperament, and husband support. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at three month postpartum. Conclusion: Results indicate that the nursing intervention program had positive effects and can be used to further the health status of immigrant mothers and children.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

The captive breeding biology of the Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) was studied over 3 breeding periods. Both the male and female participated in nest building, but the male started to build the nest earlier and spent much time. Time used to build the nest was steadily increased to the egg laying. The copulations were observed $30{\pm}10.53$ (n=3) times in a breeding period. Both male and female incubated their eggs but the female spent more time than the male did. The chicks were hatched $32{\pm}1.29$ (n=6) days after egg laying. Not only the male but also the female took part in the rearing chicks. The male spent more time than the female as chicks grew. The results of this study are useful to assess the ecological soundness of the breeding pair and facilitate the breeding environment in captive breeding of the Oriental white stork.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2001

The impact of childhood experience has lifelong significance on subsequent health and development. Especially, the experience of infant is mostly affected by the quality of parental care and rearing environment. But the new mothers usually do not know what to do because of the lack of experience in these days. Therefore, an educational program regarding maternal role would be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for mother-infant interaction, child-rearing environment, and infant development. Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used, and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework of this study. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37 weeks, and their mothers. The final sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to September 3rd in 1999. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-infant interaction, breast feeding, and infant care was provided before discharge. Telephone counselling was provided within one week after discharge. Home visiting for maternal role education was provided twice, one month and three months postpartum. For the control group, home visiting was also conducted but only for data collection. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program was determined with repeated measure ANCOVA and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(p=.000). It indicates that intervention program was effective in improving mother- infant interaction. In subscale analysis, four out of six subscale showed significant differences between the groups: sensitivity to cues (p=.000), social-emotional growth fostering (p=.000), cognitive growth fostering(p=.000) in mothers, and responsiveness to caregiver (p=.019) in infants. 2. The difference in the mean score of childrearing environment (HOME) between the intervention group and control group was significant(p=.003). When each subscale of HOME was examined individually, intervention group showed significantly higher scores in the diversity of stimulation(p=.000), and mother's involvement(p=.001). 3. Three-month-Infants of the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale(p=.026). In subscale analysis, significant differences were found in the personal-social(p=.005), and the hearing and speech(p=.003). In conclusion, the maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results are very meaningful that we found maternal role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and that nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest a implication and improvement which can provide direction when proposing prospective housing policies which comply the peculiar and changing needs of rural communities. Method: Accordingly this study reviewed for rural housing regulations and policies that appear in the process of developing Japanese Excellent Rural Housing. According to the case study, municipal organizations have implemented independent housing programs base on the Promotion of Rural Residence Act for returning farmers. Result: They provide service to provide returning farmers comprehensive counseling and information about employment, child-rearing and education, housing, and etc. The service program is run by a cooperative way. In addition the Japanese Excellent Rural Housing projects nowadays focus on promoting voluntary establishments of local communities by providing comprehensive plans for local community formation and interaction for harmony between existing residents and returning farmers. In the case of Korea, targeting existing residents and returning farmers for settlement environment in rural areas need jobs, child care, education, and comprehensive housing counseling. In addition, this suggests the need for linkages between the various community programs and residents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.365-388
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• 2012

This study examined the effect of bilingual bicultural home environment and mother's command of Korean language on their participation in child rearing as well as on children's developmental outcomes. We carried out Analysis of Covariance Structure using the 1st year(2011) data of Gyeonggi Education Welfare Panel, which consists of 459 matched pairs of immigrant women and their 5th~6th grade children living in Gyeonggi-do. The results indicated that when the immigrant mother has good command of Korean language and the children are exposed to their maternal culture and language, mothers tend to actively participate in child rearing and this in turn has positive effects on developmental outcomes of their children. These results demonstrate that Korean language programs targeting immigrant women by marriage are important not only for assisting their employment and adaptation but also for enhancing parenting behaviors in multicultural families. Moreover these findings suggest that we need to understand the bilingual bicultural home environment in these families as a significant resource that contribute to their children's developmental outcomes and not as a risk factor to their adaptation, as it has frequently been viewed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

This study aims to review the present condition of human resources development in environment technology area and to explore the direction of human resources development plans, based on the results of a survey targeting experts in this area. Related papers & literatures are referred and a survey for experts' opinions are carried out. The survey was oriented to the importance and effectiveness of policies designed by Korea Ministry of environment. The main findings of this study are as follows; firstly, an emphasis should be put on generating professionals in charge of creating domestic demand for environmental purposes for promotion to make excellent environmental techniques being of practical use and help them go into businesses was turned out crucial; secondly, it is advised to upgrade the level of qualifications of environmental technicians by reforming into a graduate schoolcentered educational system on a human resource-rearing phase; thirdly, retraining should be provided by law to ensure the enhancement of re-educating the existing environmental technicians; fourth, efforts should be made to promptly develope new techniques and unify declining traditional items, deterring national technical qualification system oriented toward cultivating superintendents in the environment field.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2005

Purposes: The purposes of this study were ① to identify the rate of suicide attempts, and ② to investigate relevant variables(family dynamic environment, personality factors) and risk factors for attempting suicide among Korean adolescents. Method: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Internal consistencies for this questionnaire ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. Nine hundred and twenty two adolescents were surveyed (delinquent : 367, student : 555), using a proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: ① The rate of suicide attempts was 10.8％ for the total sample, and the delinquents(19.6％) had a higher rate of suicide attempts than the students(5.1％). ② Adolescents attempting suicide had a greater dysfunctional family dynamic environment and more maladaptive personality than those who did not attempt suicide. ③ Risk factors for suicide attempts among Korean adolescents were way of coping, psychosomatic symptoms, and parental child-rearing attitudes, in that order. Conclusions: Suicide and suicidal behaviors are multifaceted events. For suicide prevention, there is a need to make an independent assessment of the variables such as familial problems, personality and dynamic environment of the families of the adolescents.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2014

To investigate the degree of individuals' likability of insects, a survey was conducted with students and adults living in Korea. Overall, for insect-related questions, positive responses were higher than negative ones. Among the positive responses, the personal rearing of insects scored lower than others. The unconditional dislike of insects scored highest in the negative responses. A significant differences and correlations were found between males and females, students and adults, people experienced in insect-related events and those who were not. In particular, previous experience in insect-related events significantly influenced insect likability. Subjects preferred coleopteran and lepidopteran insects to others. However, this preference of insects differed by gender: Male participants preferred coleopteran insects to lepidopteran insects, while female participants preferred lepidopteran insects to coleopteran ones. No significant differences in the preference of insects were found by participants' job, residence, or experience in insect-related events. These findings suggest that gender is the most important factor to consider in selecting insects to be used as therapeutic tools in mental health care.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in parenting competency, parenting environment, and parenting stress by developing and applying parenting support group program based on the social support intervention model for mothers with infants. Methods: In this experimental study, mothers with infants of 8~12 weeks old were recruited. 23 mothers were selected for analysis (11 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). The parenting support group program was provided to the experimental group for seven sessions with 120 minutes per session. Results: The experimental group showed that the parenting competency and parenting environment were significantly increased and the parenting stress was significantly decreased immediately after intervention. In the case of parenting environment, it was found to have a lasting effect until the point of further investigation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the program as a social support intervention strategy for mothers rearing up infants is effective intervention in a universal context in the community.