• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2002

In this paper, friction welding optimization for 1Cr0.5Mo-STS304 (${\phi}14\;mm$), AE applications for the weld quality evaluation and the applications of various life prediction methods such as LMP (Larson-Miller Parameter) and ISM (initial strain method) were investigated : The creep behaviors of those steels and the friction welded joints under static load were examined by ISM combined with LMP at 400, 500, 550 and $600^{\circ}C$, and the relationship between these two kinds of phenomena was studied. The real-time predicting equations of elevated-temperature creep life (rupture time) under any creep stress at any elevated-temperature could be developed by LMP and LMP-ISM. It was confirmed that the life prediction equations by LMP and LMP-ISM are effective only up to 102 h and can not be used for long times of 103-106 h, but by ISM it can be used for long times creep prediction of more than 104 h with most reliability.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2015

Track drive unit adopted in the small sized excavator generally have been used in the construction equipment under the 10 tons as the driving device with forwarding and reversing of excavator. It is required to study the accelerated life test applied by over torque and speed to test the durability life test reflected the many driving modes of small sized excavator and also need to equip the comprehensive performance and life test equipments to do the various performance tests. This study had analyzed the failure modes of the components, and calculated the equivalent loads investigated the used loads in the real field conditions and elicits the acceleration factor adopted in the inverse power model. Also, this study have considered the changes of the acceleration factor and the durability test time in the case of the rotary group and the bearing through analyzing the main failure modes. It was calculated the no failure test time about 2 samples and confidence level 90% and elicited the accelerated life time 720 hours.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.14-25
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• 1998

The Quality of human living depends on the environmental quality of the region sustaining the life. The environmental deterioration of the modern society is due to mechanical environmentalism. For the better quality of the life, The changes of recognition and attitude on the environments are required. These changes of mind are also important in environmental education for teenagers. The 7th national curriculum, officially anounced December 1998, focuses on the change of attitude to environments and practical behavior in real life for “Environments”, the environmental education curriculum in middle school. Basic elements of the curriculum are cultivation of the pro-environmental thinking, multi-levelling of teaching materials and methods, and encouraging of student participating activity. Actually, the curriculum construction is composed of stepped-levelling of teaching and learning, reasonable contents volume, encouraging of student practice, and suggesting of evaluation standards of textbook writing. Three main subjects of environmental education for middle school consist of (1) man and environment, (2) recognition of environmental problem, and (3) protection activity for environment. Methodology of environmental education can include multi-disciplinary approaches, variable teaching methods, and continuing evaluation of student practice and participation attitude. Environmental education for teenagers relating to the 7th national curriculum focuses on recognition of the environmental problems and practice activity in daily life. The recognition includes considering relationship of human life to environment, solving environmental problems in regional context, and development of comprehensive understanding concept of the environments. For the practice education, variable teaching methods, such as field survey and application of multi-media, are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.307-313
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• 2001

In this Paper, friction welding optimization for 1Cr0.5Mo-STS304($\Phi$14mm), AE applications for the weld quality evaluation and the applications of various life prediction methods such as LMP(Larson-Miller Parameter) and ISM(initial strain method) were investigated : the creep behaviors of those steels and the friction welded joints under static load were examined by ISM combined with LMP at 400, 500, 550 and $600^{\circ}C$, and the relationship between these two kinds of phenomena was studied. The real-time predicting equations of elevated-temperature creep life(fracture time) under any creep stress at any elevated- temperature could be developed by LMP and LMP-ISM, It was confirmed that the life prediction equations by LMP and LMP-ISM are effective only up to 10$^2$hrs and can not be used for long times of 10$^3$-10$^{6}$ hrs, but by ISM it can be used for long times creep prediction of more than 10$^4$hrs with most reliability.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2010

This review was performed to investigate the current researches on the welfare of rearing environments system in farming chicken, including stocking density, perch, housing system and research trend. The investigation indicated that most of the developed countries took much efforts into making appropriate regulations to improve the welfare of rearing environment about broilers and laying hens, particularly more parts in laying hens. Recently the regulations have varied a lot, to be more detailed than before. Moreover, some regulations give valuable suggestions to improve well-being of poultry industry such as additional facilities. Until now it has been known, the quality of the products will improve and the income of producers will increase along with the improvement of welfare. Therefore the relevant agencies and organizations can strengthen the belief of consumers especially the competition is so fierce today. In conclusion, improvement of poultry welfare should be carried out in the real situation and international trends to create the appropriate rules such as professional consulting and training.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.339-358
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• 2010

This paper aims to propose teaching plans based on individual learner's experience and from a cross-cultural viewpoint by applying Currere as a method of Korean life-culture education. Current Korean culture education programs are not systematic, and are being executed without differentiation from language education. Thus, this study proposes Korean life-culture teaching plans based on the method of Currere. We suggested Currere teaching-learning stages and strategies for Korean language learners by adapting Pinar's and Jeong Seong-a's method of Currere. The Currere teaching-learning stages consisted of introduction, regression, progression, theme analysis, data analysis, group discussion, and integration. Although the method of Currere is implemented through autobiographic writing, this study added the strategies of 'personal experience telling' and 'schema utilization and background knowledge provision'. In order to enhance the applicability of Currere to Korean life-culture education, we suggested teaching plans for the theme of "How to dispose rubbish" as an example. We suggested detailed teaching plans that teachers can apply in the actual classroom. We expect that these teaching plans may be applied to actual classes so that Korean culture education may not be limited to the acquisition of knowledge, but be linked to their real life.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

By a cDNA array representing 2308 signal transduction related genes, we studied the expression profiles of HeLa cells stably transfected by Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B (HCV-NS4B). The alterations of the expression of four genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; and the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (AKR1C1) enzyme activity was detected in HCV-NS4B transiently transfected HeLa cells and Huh-7, a human hepatoma cell line. Of the 2,308 genes we examined, 34 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. These 90 genes involved oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cell receptors, complements, adhesions, transcription and translation, cytoskeletion and cellular stress. The expression profiling suggested that multiple regulatory pathways were affected by HCV-NS4B directly or indirectly. And since these genes are related to carcinogenesis, host defense system and cell homeostatic mechanism, we can conclude that HCV-NS4B could play some important roles in the pathogenesis mechanism of HCV.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.161-184
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• 2014

Our study measures the Digital Life Index (DLI) of baby boomers by considering the utilization of digital devices in their everyday life. The study was conducted by implementing the following three-step approach: (1) development of survey questions and data collection; (2) build Digital Life Index (DLI) model and lastly; (3) empirical analysis using the Digital Life Index (DLI). In the first stage in order to develop the survey questions to measure the digital index, two surveys were conducted. For the first preliminary survey, it was done based on the existing literatures which enabled this investigation through FGI analysis involving real professionals. The second survey was conducted by commissioning a specialized external firm. In this survey, a total of 400 data was collected to verify the validity and objectivity of the data sample. The data gathered through the survey questions was used to develop the digital index. Firstly, the appropriate factors were extracted by conducting factor analysis. This factor analysis validates and verifies the factors which are appropriate in measuring Digital Life Index (DLI). The derived factors are broadly divided into five main factors. The first factor describes the possession, purchase and use of digital device (x1). Meanwhile, the second factor describes the digital device's software (x2) and the third factor describes the participation in utilizing digital device (x3). The fourth factor describes the utilization of digital device in human personal relationship (x4) and lastly, the fifth factor describes the effect of digital device in everyday life and work environment (x5). Secondly, the digital index model was developed. The variables to represent the Digital Life Index (DLI) are ${\chi}1t,{\chi}2t,{\chi}3t,{\chi}4t$ and ${\chi}5t$. Furthermore, as experience in using the digital index grows overtime, the growth can be represented by the "S" shape. Based on the results, Digital Life Index(DLI) is distributed with the highest point at 90.3 and the lowest point at 25.9.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an unsolved community health problem since identification of its causing microorganism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by Robert Koch in 1882. Annually, eight million TB cases are newly reported and 2~3 million patients die from TB. Pulmonary TB is highly infectious and untreated pulmonary TB patients are believed to infect >10 people in a year. The conventional methods for diagnosis of TB are chest X-ray and isolation of the causing microorganisms from patient specimens. Screening of TB is conducted with smeared sputum in slides, and TB is confirmed by identification of MTB in cultured specimens. One of the fatal pitfalls of screening detection for smeared sputum is that it is impossible to distinguish MTB and other acid-fast bacilli (AFB) because they are stained equally with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. Culture of MTB is the most reliable method for diagnosis of TB but it takes 4~8 weeks. In this report, we suggest a fast and highly-reliable MTB detection method that distinguishes AFB in sputum samples. Purified DNA from the AFB stained slide samples offered by The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis were used to detect infected MTB in patients. PCR, real-time PCR and reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) methods were applied to purified DNA. Conclusively, the real-time PCR method was confirmed to produce high sensitivity and we were able to further detect drug-resistant MTB with REBA.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the paddy irrigation efficiency using real-time water level monitoring data and intermittent irrigation model in Gimjae, Dong-Jin irrigation district. For this study, the real-time water level data in Gimjae main canal and other secondary canals were collected from 2012 to 2014 and converted to daily discharge using rating curve in each canal. From intermittent irrigation model in paddy, irrigation water requirement was estimated and irrigation efficiency was calculated. The average amount of irrigation water supply per unit irrigation area was 1,011 mm in Gimjae main canal for 12,749 ha irrigation area, 1,011 mm in the secondary canal of upper region and 1,470 mm in the secondary canal of lower region. The median irrigation loss was 43 % in Gimjae main canal, 25 % in secondary canal of upper region and 35 % in the secondary canal of lower region. The larger irrigation area is, the irrigation loss rates tend to decrease in secondary canals. Monthly median irrigation losses in upper region were 10 (June) - 40 % (September) and those in lower region were 25 (May) to 40 % (April, June, August, and September). The results of canal management loss can be available as the basic data for irrigation water management and estimating guideline of optimal irrigation water supply to improve agricultural water use efficiencies.