• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.114-122
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• 2015

Real estate development requires significant amount of capital investment. The project duration has been increased according to its enlarged size. For this reason, cost overrun and time delay are important risk factors that should be managed properly. As a method to hedge the risk, varoius real option methods have been presented. However, conventional project value assesment methods such as NPV(Net Present Value) have weakness to support decision making by reflecting dynamic situations in terms of variation of cost and time. Furthermore, the decision making process is serious of actions rather than discrete event. The purpose of this paper is to present a multiple real option valuation method to overcome the deterministic aspect of real option presented in previous research and practice. The method is developed as following: firstly, to select the model that can be applied in the real estate development project through a survey from previous literature on real options analysis; secondly, to apply data from office development case in order to verify the model by applying conventional real option and multiple real option valuation. According to analysis result, multiple real option provides enhanced values comparing to NPV and single real option.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

Interactive real-time 3D enables users to explore virtual three dimensional environments and also experience contents in an absorbing fashion. Unlike other media, Interactive real-time 3D users take an active role in the process of "real-time fashion" where action and reaction occur instantly in a digital 3D structure. Once the components and origins of interactive real-time 3D is made, it is possible making principles of the beauty that help decide success or failure of real-time 3D in two way system. Substantial real-time 3D has not yet passed 10 years so it was unable to make sufficient precedents of fundamental artistic value based upon the credibility of the media. The goal is to explain the new form of design in relation to general principles of arts at the same time to understand the technical definition better. Concepts of historical documentation are explained with an example of categorization of recent video game and recent technology. This thesis concludes with rough forecast on the future interactive real time 3D. Since the medium began relatively recently and is developing in the rapid pace, recent analyses, though clear forecast is difficult, tend to investigate potential directions to some level the field allows.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1678-1685
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• 1999

In most of the existing real-time schedulers producing the total value as large as possible, the service times for all schedulable tasks are computed at each time a new task arrives. If all scheduled tasks would be executed completely before a new task arrives, the schedule may produce the greatest total value. But this is not always true in real situations. In many cases, (a) new tasks arrive(s) before all the scheduled tasks are executed completely. In this paper, we propose a unique scheduling algorithm for real-time tasks. The proposed algorithm determines the service times only for some tasks with earlier deadlines while the existing algorithms determine the service times for all tasks. This partial computation decreases the average scheduling complexity ramatically, even though, in the worst case, the complexity of the proposed algorithm becomes O(N2), which is equal to that of a previous algorithm that has been known as a less complicated one.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.92-99
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• 1999

The inspection unit which is developed and used in this study, is processed the shape data from the CCD camera to seek welding bite section shape, and then calculated as a real dimension from measuring the value of each inspection item. The reason of measuring with the real in this study is came out from the image method which used for a long time, which is extricated the characteristic as the dimension of pixel by recognize pixel. The measurement method of the section shape is that we decide the thresholding value after we drew the histogram to binarizate the object. After that, we make flat the object to get rid of the noise and measure the shape of welded part through the boundarization of the object. The shape measurement is that measure the value of the welding part to adapt the actual operation program from using the ratio between the actual dimension of the standard specimen and the dimension of image, to measure the ratio between the actual product and the camera image. The inspection algorithm which estimates the quality of welded product is developed and also, the software GUI(Graphic User Interface) which processes the automatic test function of the inspection system is developed. We make the foundation of the inspection automatic system and we will help to apply other welding machine.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 1997

It is desirable for autonomous robot systems to possess the ability to behave in a smooth and continuous fashion when interacting with an unknown environment. Although Q-learning requires a lot of memory and time to optimize a series of actions in a continuous state space, it may not be easy to apply the method to such a real environment. In this paper, for continuous state space applications, to solve problem and a triangular type Q-value model\ulcorner This sounds very ackward. What is it you want to solve about the Q-value model. Our learning method can estimate a current Q-value by its relationship with the neighboring states and has the ability to learn its actions similar to that of Q-learning. Thus, our method can enable robots to move smoothly in a real environment. To show the validity of our method, navigation comparison with Q-learning are given and visual tracking simulation results involving an 2-DOF SCARA robot are also presented.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

In this study, indoor VOCs concentration emitted from floor and furniture was measured after the installation of floor and furniture in a real residence. With the measured data, prediction method and predication equations for indoor concentration of each VOCs and BTEX were developed. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. First, according to the predicted results of concentration decrease of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p,o-xylene) after the installation of floor in a real residence, prediction equation can be expressed using exponential function. Second, in case of floor, more reliable prediction equation can be obtained by using cumulative value of indoor concentration than by using just hourly measured value directly. Indoor concentration of benzene can be expressed as $y=408.52(1­e^{-00031{\times}time})$ with $R^2$ of 0.94 which is significantly high value. Third, toluene showed the highest concentration in case of furniture installation indoors, and it needed the longest time for concentration decrease. However, other substances except toluene showed constant concentration throughout the measurement period. Fourth, in case of furniture installation indoors, prediction equation of toluene concentration decrease is estimated to be $y= 3616.3{\times}e^{(-0.1091{\times}time)}+513.96{\times}e^{(-0.0006{\times}time)}\;with\; R^2$ of 0.95 which is significantly high value.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.259-264
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• 2007

This paper describes the mathematical modeling method for the static magnetic field signature generated by a magnetic scale model. we proposed the equivalent dipole modeling method utilizing a singular value decomposition technique from magnetic field signatures by magnetic sensors are located special depths below the scale model. The proposed dipole modeling method was successfully verified through comparisons with the real measured values in our non-magnetic laboratory. Using the proposed method, it is possible to predict and analyze static magnetic field distributions at any difference depths generated from the real ships as well as a scale model ship.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.37-39
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• 1996

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.459-465
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• 2022

This paper reports a method to use a wireless sensor network deployed in the field to real-time monitor soil moisture, warning when the moisture level reaches a specific value, and wirelessly controlling an additional device (LED or water supply system, etc.). In addition, we report all processes related to wireless irrigation system, including field deployment of sensors, real-time monitoring using a smartphone, data calibration, and control of additional devices deployed in the field by smartphone. A commercially available open-source Internet of Things (IoT) platform, NodeMCU, was used, which was combined with a 9V battery, LED and soil humidity sensor to be integrated into a portable prototype. The IoT-based soil humidity sensor prototype deployed in the field was installed next to a tree for on-site demonstration for the measurement of soil humidity in real-time for about 30 hours, and the measured data was successfully transmitted to a smartphone via Wifi. The measurement data were automatically transmitted via e-mail in the form of a text file, stored on the web, followed by analyses and calibrations. The user can check the humidity of the soil real-time through a personal smartphone. When the humidity of a soil reached a specific value, an additional device, an LED device, placed in the field was successfully controlled through the smartphone. This LED can be easily replaced by other electronic devices such as water supplies, which can also be controlled by smartphones. These results show that farmers can not only monitor the condition of the field real-time through a sensor monitoring system manufactured simply at a low cost but also control additional devices such as irrigation facilities from a distance, thereby reducing unnecessary energy consumption and helping improve agricultural productivity.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.405-410
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• 2017

In order to study current-voltage-luminance and impedance characteristics according to elapsed time, a blue fluorescent OLED was fabricated. The current density and luminance gradually decreased in accordance with elapsed time and did not emit light after 480 hours, and the threshold voltage increased as time elapsed. The Cole-Cole plot was a semicircular shape of a very large size at 2 V of the applied voltage below the threshold voltage, and the maximum value of the real number impedance did not change greatly from 9314.5 to $9902.2{\Omega}$ as time elapsed. Applied voltages 4, 6, and 8 V above the threshold voltage showed a large change in the real number impedance value at the semicircle end to 9,678.2, 9,826, $9,535.4{\Omega}$ according to the elapsed time from 2,222.5, 183.7, $48.2{\Omega}$ immediately after fabricating the device. By increasing the applied voltage beyond the threshold voltage just after device fabrication, the energy difference between the device and the organic layer was overcome and the current flowed, the maximum value of the real number impedance sharply decreased. As time passed, current did not flow through the element even at high applied voltage due to degradation of the element, and even when the applied voltage was higher than the threshold voltage, it showed an impedance value such as applied voltage equal to or less than the threshold voltage. As a result, it can be learned that the change in the impedance with elapsed time reflects the characteristics due to the degradation of the OLED and can predict the characteristics and lifetime of the OLED.