• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.538-551
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• 2013

Korea is reported as one of the highest performing OECD countries in PISA 2009 science achievement, ranking $4^{th}{\sim}7^{th}$ among 65 participating countries. However, the top level 6 percentage came only at 1.1% and ranks $18^{th}$ among paticipating countries. Such dissatisfying results call for attention to seek effective teaching and learning strategies for top level students in Korea. This study aims to investigate the effect of reading motivational and behavioral factors on PISA 2009 science achievement for the population who scored high compared to populations scoring middle and low. For this purpose, PISA 2009 science achievement as well as students questionnaire data were utilized. Variables of reading motivational and behavioral factors were selected and structural equation modeling was employed to examine a hypothetical cause-effect relationship between reading factors and science achievement. It was found that there is a cause-effect relationship between reading factors and science achievement for the whole population. For those in the top 16% of students in PISA 2009 science achievement, reading behaviors on text-memorization have had little or no effects, while reading motivational and other behavioral factors showed a significant influence. In contrast, the middle 68% and low 16% populations have had significant effects for text-memorization on science achievement.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

This study used secondary data of the Illinois Subsidized Guardianship Waiver Demonstration, Chicago Public Schools and administrative data of the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services. Multiple regression analysis was the main statistical method. Results revealed a positive effect of foster parents' expectations on educational achievement of foster children without disabilities. Among types of educational involvement, 'direct educational activities' showed a positive effect on math and 'supervision reported by children' showed a positive effect on reading achievement. Among indices of the quality of relationship: the presence of kinship ties, permanence achievement, and level of affection between foster parents and children, only level of affection had a significant positive association with both math and reading achievement.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate speech rate and fluency in stuttering adults. It was suggested that a measurement guideline of speech rate and fluency for collecting clinically meaningful data be used. Subjects included 10 adults who stutter (mean age=25;8). Syllables were used as the unit of measurement for analyzing the duration of speech. The mean rate was 241 SPM (syllables per minute) for reading, and 196 SPM for spontaneous speaking. Fluency was also measured in both cases. The correlation between rate of speech and fluency was high (r=0.92). A strong positive correlation was found between different investigators in measuring speech rates and fluencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.785-791
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• 2018

Recently, Disk array is widely used as a long term storage device in PACS, but reliability is not enough in relation to annual failure rate of disk. Between October 2016 and February 2017, we scanned the serial port of the hard disk while reading or storing medical images on a PACS reader. The data rate was calculated from the data stored in HDD 99ea that were used in the PCAS image storage device and in HDD 101ea that were used in the Personal Computer. When a CT image was read from a PACS reader, Reading was 87.8% and Writing was 12.2% in units of several tens of megabytes or less. When the CT image was stored in the PACS reader, Reading was 11.4% and Writing was 88.6% in units of several tens of megabytes or less. While reading the excel file on the personal computer, Reading was 75% and Writing was 25% in less than 3 MB, and In the process of storing the excel file on the personal computer, Reading was carried out by 38% and Writing was carreid out 62% in the units of 3 MB or less. The transfer rate of the hard disk used in the PACS image storage device was 10 GB/h, and the transfer rate per hour of the hard disk of the personal computer was 5 GB / h. Annual failure rate of hard disk of image storage system is 0.97 ~ 1.13%, Annual failure rate of Hard Disk of personal computer is 0.97 ~ 1.13%. the higher transfer rate is, the higher annual failure rate is. These results will be used as a basis for predicting the life expectancy of the hard disk and the annual failure rate.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.293-305
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to measure cognitive load levels by analyzing the EEG of Koreans and foreigners, when they read a Korean text with care selected by level from the grammar and vocabulary aspects, and compare the cognitive load levels through quantitative values. The study results can be utilized as basic data for more scientific approach, when Korean texts or books are developed, and an evaluation method is built, when the foreigners encounter them for learning or an assignment. Background: Based on 2014, the number of the foreign students studying in Korea was 84,801, and they increase annually. Most of them are from Asian region, and they come to Korea to enter a university or a graduate school in Korea. Because those foreign students aim to learn within Universities in Korea, they receive Korean education from their preparation for study in Korea. To enter a university in Korea, they must acquire grade 4 or higher level in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK), or they need to complete a certain educational program at each university's affiliated language institution. In such a program, the learners of the Korean language receive Korean education based on texts, except speaking domain, and the comprehension of texts can determine their academic achievements in studying after they enter their desired schools (Jeon, 2004). However, many foreigners, who finish a language course for the short-term, and need to start university study, cannot properly catch up with university classes requiring expertise with the vocabulary and grammar levels learned during the language course. Therefore, reading education, centered on a strategy to understand university textbooks regarded as top level reading texts to the foreigners, is necessary (Kim and Shin, 2015). This study carried out an experiment from a perspective that quantitative data on the readers of the main player of reading education and teaching materials need to be secured to back up the need for reading education for university study learners, and scientifically approach educational design. Namely, this study grasped the difficulty level of reading through the measurement of cognitive loads indicated in the reading activity of each text by dividing the difficulty of a teaching material (book) into eight levels, and the main player of reading into Koreans and foreigners. Method: To identify cognitive loads indicated upon reading Korean texts with care by Koreans and foreigners, this study recruited 16 participants (eight Koreans and eight foreigners). The foreigners were limited to the language course students studying the intermediate level Korean course at university-affiliated language institutions within Seoul Metropolitan Area. To identify cognitive load, as they read a text by level selected from the Korean books (difficulty: eight levels) published by King Sejong Institute (Sejonghakdang.org), the EEG sensor was attached to the frontal love (Fz) and occipital lobe (Oz). After the experiment, this study carried out a questionnaire survey to measure subjective evaluation, and identified the comprehension and difficulty on grammar and words. To find out the effects on schema that may affect text comprehension, this study controlled the Korean texts, and measured EEG and subjective satisfaction. Results: To identify brain's cognitive load, beta band was extracted. As a result, interactions (Fz: p =0.48; Oz: p =0.00) were revealed according to Koreans and foreigners, and difficulty of the text. The cognitive loads of Koreans, the readers whose mother tongue is Korean, were lower in reading Korean texts than those of the foreigners, and the foreigners' cognitive loads became higher gradually according to the difficulty of the texts. From the text four, which is intermediate level in difficulty, remarkable differences started to appear in comparison of the Koreans and foreigners in the beginner's level text. In the subjective evaluation, interactions were revealed according to the Koreans and foreigners and text difficulty (p =0.00), and satisfaction was lower, as the difficulty of the text became higher. Conclusion: When there was background knowledge in reading, namely schema was formed, the comprehension and satisfaction of the texts were higher, although higher levels of vocabulary and grammar were included in the texts than those of the readers. In the case of a text in which the difficulty of grammar was felt high in the subjective evaluation, foreigners' cognitive loads were also high, which shows the result of the loads' going up higher in proportion to the increase of difficulty. This means that the grammar factor functions as a stress factor to the foreigners' reading comprehension. Application: This study quantitatively evaluated the cognitive loads of Koreans and foreigners through EEG, based on readers and the text difficulty, when they read Korean texts. The results of this study can be used for making Korean teaching materials or Korean education content and topic selection for foreigners. If research scope is expanded to reading process using an eye-tracker, the reading education program and evaluation method for foreigners can be developed on the basis of quantitative values.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

The study was conducted to analyze the tag reading and box recognition performance of a gate-type RFID system using the UHF band to detect containers of red pepper. The reading rate of tags attached to container boxes was higher as tags were closer to antennas and the number of antennas was increased. Under optimal conditions, the reading rate was 100% and the range of distance from a carton to an antenna was 1-4 meters. When tags were attached to two sides of a box, the reading rate was lower when the tags were attached at the front and side. This was caused by data collision problems between tags. The reading rate of tags was 71.1-77.8% and the reading rate of red pepper boxes was 97.8-100.0% when the distance between the pallet under the boxes and four units of antennas was 5 meters or less, and when tags were attached at the front and side of boxes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.211-240
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• 2024

This study focuses on an intergenerational book club with middle-aged and young people as a follow-up study on a book club with older people and young people. The book club program was designed to help people develop a reading habit and experience picture book bibliotherapy. The researcher hosted a picture book reading group between middle-aged and young participants, had individual interviews, and conducted a qualitative study to analyze research data and present implications. For middle-aged participants, the intergenerational book club was an opportunity to understand young people and their children and learn from the young people, and for young participants, it helped them understand middle-aged people and their parents and learn from the middle-aged people, allowing them to feel a sense of connection rather than a generation gap. In addition, positive effects of picture book bibliotherapy were seen while reducing stress and learning important lessons in life. The participants received help in forming a reading habit. This paper provides constructive suggestions for book clubs where different generations interact. It is hoped that through this study, intergenerational book clubs that can be used to understand other generations will be more popular and people will be able to discover the benefits of reading books including picture books and make reading a habit.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2018

This study has been carried out to analyze the effects of leachate recirculation on methane gas concentration in the Landfill. The monthly average on precipitation of the landfill area during the period from 2010 to 2016 has been recorded at 130.9 mm and the total precipitation was recorded at 73.7 mm for the month of June in 2017. And based on the Korea meterological administration data obtained, the water content has been anticipated to be at low level. And for the control environment testing on the effects of leachate recirculation, the reading has been carried out in relation to the methane gas concentration with the landfill site tested with average reading of 30.14%. Once the reading has been established 5 tones of leachate has been injected and the readings carried out respectively with the first reading recorded at 24.66% on June with subsequent readings carried out, 31.51 (6/24), 36.88% (7/1) and final reading carried out on 7/25 registered at 52.47%. Based on the leachate recirculation, the test showed increase of methanate concentrations with the concentration percentage showing between 50~65%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.532-542
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to identify effects of the peer group reading program (PGRP) on the tenacity, self-resilience, and adaptation to university life of new entrants to the university. This was a non-equivalence control group quasi-experimental research study design. The subjects examined were entrants at the S University. The experimental group was provided the PGRP, and the control group was provided a general program for 13 weeks. The PGRP consisted of three or four students per group. Each group read one book for one week. Subsequently, all students gathered and presented their reading reports and discussed their comments, once a week. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test to compare the differences between both groups. A total of 73 subjects were included in the study: 34 in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. There were no significant differences in the general characteristics between the groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between both groups before the intervention; however, the experimental group showed improved tenacity (p<0.01) and self-resilience (p=0.020) after the intervention, which were significantly different between both groups. Our results indicate the requirement to develop and apply various reading programs for improving the personality, self-resilience, and college life adaptability of university entrants.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.390-398
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the planning guideline of individual space size for public library. The 26 cases were selected from the data of outstanding libraries built after the year 2000. The paper focused on the comparison between the data from analysis and the guideline from manual book of public library. The result of this study was as followed ; The first, reference reading rooms were open-plan rather than segmented. The second, the percentages of reference reading spaces from the data were lower than the guidelines. It proved the fact that the role of public library expanded to cultural community space. The third, children's space retained sufficient numbers of book collections. It represented that people realized the importance of children's library in terms of cultural education. The fourth, the percentage of space size of cultural area showed high amount of numbers. It proved the fact that the public library as community center was required various cultural programs. The fifth, the percentages of preservation library were lower than the guideline in case of the big libraries, while the small libraries were higher. The book collections of detached annex libraries should be linked with the central libraries.