• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

유화형 소시지에 제조 방법을 다르게 추출한 솔잎 추출물을 첨가하여 냉장온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 30일간 저장하면서 pH, TBARS, 총 미생물수, 육색 및 아질산염 잔존량을 조사하였다. 시험구는 솔잎을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 솔잎즙 첨가구는 T1, 솔잎 에탄올 추출물 첨가구는 T2, 솔잎중탕 추출물 첨가구를 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 0, 10, 20 및 30일간 저장하면서 실험하였다. pH는 저장기간이 경과하면서 모든 처리구에서 서서히 감소하였다(p<0.05). TBARS와 총미생물수는 저장기간 동안 증가하였으며, 솔잎 즙과 에탄올 추출물을 첨가한 유화형 소시지는 대조구보다 낮아 솔잎의 첨가는 지방산화와 미생물 성장을 지연시켰고, 특히 에탄올 추출물 첨가구인 T2에서 TBARS 값과 미생물수는 가장 낮은 경향이었다(p<005). 육색은 저장기간이 지나면서 CIE $L^*$ 값과 $a^*$ 값 및 $b^*$ 값은 감소하였고, 처리구간에는 CIE $L^*$ 값과 $a^*$ 값은 T1과 T2에서 낮았고, $b^*$ 값은 T1과 T2에서 높은 결과로 솔잎 추출물의 첨가는 소시지 색을 어둡게 하는 경향이었다. 아질산염 잔존량은 저장기간이 경과하면서 감소하였는데 T2에서 다른 시험구보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해보면 솔잎 에탄올 추출물 첨가는 지방의 산화와 미생물 성장 억제 및 아질산염 잔존량 감소에 효과가 가장 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2004

액체 로켓엔진에서 발생하는 고주파 연소 불안정성을 예측하기 위해 선형 안정한계를 계산하는 방법을 연구하였다. 기존의 선형이론에 근거하여 유도된 선형 안정한계를 나타내는 안정한계 식을 채택하였으며, 그 식을 구성하는 각각의 항을 정량적으로 평가하는 방안들이 제시되었다. 안정한계 계산에 필요한 열-화학 물성치와 유동 변수를 열역학적 평형계산과 CFD 해석 및 실험 결과로부터 평가하는 구체적 절차들을 상세히 제시하였다. 실제 로켓엔진으로서 시험 데이터가 확보되어 있는 KSR-III 로켓엔진에 대해서 제시한 방법을 적용하여 안정한계 곡선을 구하였다. 계산결과는, 해당 엔진에 대해 정량적으로 타당한 안정한계 곡선을 보여주었다. 이를 토대로 해당 엔진의 안정성 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 선형 안정한계 계산 방법은 진정한 예측의 1차적 근사로서 활용할 만한 가치가 있으며, 엔진 개발 초기에 근사적으로 안정성 경향을 분석하기에 유용할 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1019-1028
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• 2018

The crust that inevitably forms on dry-aged beef is usually trimmed and discarded before sale. The aim of this study was to explore methods for utilizing this crust in processed meat products. Four sirloins were dry-aged for 28 d at $4^{\circ}C$ (75% relative humidity). The crust obtained from the surface of the sirloins after completion of dry aging was lyophilized. Patties were prepared without added crust (control) or with 5% w/w crust, aerobically packaged, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 d. Electronic nose analysis indicated that the volatile profile differed significantly between the patties with and without crust. Compared to the control patties, patties containing crust had higher flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and acceptability scores in a sensory panel evaluation (all p<0.05). In addition, patties with crust were less hard, gummy, and chewy than the control patties after 3 and 7 d of storage (all p<0.05). The number of total aerobic bacteria was higher in raw patties with crust than in the control patties during the storage (p<0.05). However, no pathogens were detected. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of patties containing crust were significantly lower than those of control patties after 2 and 6 d of storage (both p<0.05). Thus, crust from dry-aged beef can enhance the flavor by providing beefy and palatable flavor without a long period of dry aging.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1347-1356
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• 2018

In a three-phase system, three-phase AC signals can be translated into two-phase DC signals through a coordinate transformation. Thus, the PI regulator can realize a zero steady-state error for the DC signals. In the control of a three-phase grid-connected inverter, the phase angle of grid is normally detected by a phase-locked loop (PLL) and takes part in a coordinate transformation. A novel control strategy for a three-phase grid-connected inverter with a frequency-locked loop (FLL) based on coordinate transformation is proposed in this paper. The inverter is controlled as a current supply. The grid angle, which takes part in the coordinate transformation, is replaced by a periodic linear changing angle from $-{\pi}$ to ${\pi}$. The changing angle has the same frequency but a different phase than the grid angle. The frequency of the changing angle tracks the grid frequency by the negative feedback of the reactive power, which forms a FLL. The control strategy applies to non-ideal grids and it is a lot simpler than the control strategies with a PLL that are applied to non-ideal grids. The structure of the FLL is established. The principle and advantages of the proposed control strategy are discussed. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental results.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2011

Ethanol treatment during the brain growth spurt period has been known to induce the death of Purkinje cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in triggering ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death are, however, largely unresolved. We undertook TUNEL staining, western blotting assay and immunohistochemistry for the cleaved forms of caspase-3 and -9, with calbindin D28K double immunostaining to identify apoptotic Purkinje cells. The possibility of ROS-induced Purkinje cell death was immunohistochemically determined by using anti-8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a specific cellular marker for oxidative damage. The results show that Purkinje cell death of PD 5 rat cerebellum following ethanol administration is mediated by the activation of caspase-3 and -9. However, unexpectedly, TUNEL staining did not reveal any positive Purkinje cells while there were some TUNEL-positive cells in the internal and external granular layer. 8-OHdG was detected in the Purkinje cell layers at 8 h, peaked at 12-24 h, but not at 30 h post-ethanol treatment. No 8-0HdG immunoreactive cells were detected in the internal and external granular layer. The lobule specific 8-OHdG staining patterns following ethanol exposure are consistent with that of ethanol-induced Purkinje cell loss. Thus, we suggest that ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death may not occur by the classical apoptotic pathway and oxidative damage is involved in ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death in the developing cerebellum.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 반도체재료
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• pp.79-83
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• 2001

In order to compare the barrier properties of Ta-N/Si(001) with those of Ta-N/Ta/Si(001), we studied structural properties of films grown by RF magnetron sputtering with various $Ar/N_2$ ratios. To evaluate the barrier properties, the samples were annealed in a vacuum chamber. Ex-situ x-ray scattering measurements were done using an in-house x-ray system. With increasing nitrogen ratio in Ta-N/Si(001), the barrier property of Ta-N/Si(001) was enhanced, finally failed at $750^{\circ}C$ due to the crystallization and silicide formation. Compared with Ta-N/Si(001), Ta-N/Ta/Si(001) forms silicides at $650^{\circ}C$. However it does not crystallize even at $750^{\circ}C$. With increasing nitrogen composition in Ta-N/Ta/Si(001), the formation of tantalum silicide was reduced and the surface roughness was improved. To observe the surface morphology of Ta-N/Ta/Si(001) during annealing, we performed an in-situ x-ray scattering experiment using synchrotron radiation of the 5C2 at Pohang Light Source(PLS). Addition of Ta layer between Ta-N and Si(001) improved the surface morphology and reduced the surface degradation at high temperatures. In addition, increasing $N_2/Ar$ flow ratio reduced the formation of tantalum silicide and enhanced the barrier properties.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2012

할로겐화알킬($PhCH_2Br$, $PhCH_2Cl$, MeI)과 설폰산에스테르(MeOTf)를 개시제로 사용하여 $100^{\circ}C$, 24시간의 반응조건으로 2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazoline(TAO)의 중합을 실시, 개시제에 의한 폴리머구조의 영향을 관찰한 결과, 양쪽 개시제 모두 거의 동일한 연쇄이동에서 나타나는 경향과 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 개시제에 의한 폴리머의 구조는 설폰산에스테르계 개시제에서는 거의 100% pendant type 폴리머가 생성되는 반면, 할로겐화알킬계 개시제를 사용한 TAO중합은 pendant type 단위와 main chain type의 단위가 소량 생성됨이 확인되어 이것은 구핵성이 높은 할로겐 음이온에 의한 이중이성화중합이 부분적으로 진행되었음을 확인하였으며, 개시제로 Merrifield수지를 사용한 TAO와의 공중합에서는 다량의 단일중합체가 부생되는 그래프트 공중합체가 생성되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.392-394
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• 2007

Purpose: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is characterized by clonal proliferation of myofibroblastic spindle cells and accompanied by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. IMT is an uncommon lesion reported to arise in various organs, and is believed to be a reactive inflammatory condition. IMT forms a spectrum of lesions ranging from benign, infection-related lesions to low-grade malignancies, capable of local recurrences and rarely distant metastasis. IMT occurs mostly in the lung, but rarely in the craniofacial region. Methods: A 28-year-old male with painless swelling in the medial canthal area was referred to our department for the last 2 months. A 2cm sized mass was palpated. He was treated with complete local excision. Results: In the study by computerized tomography, a $2.0{\times}0.8{\times}1.0cm$ mass was found in the subcutaneous tissue layer. Grossly, the mass was well-circumscribed, smooth-surfaced, flesh colored, and hard. The tumor was well demarcated from the other tissues. Histopathologic examinations showed bland spindle-shaped cells loosely arranged with scattered lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated a positive reactivity for alpha-SMA and a negative reactivity for desmin and CD34. No recurrence was noted 12 months after surgery. Conclusion: Emphasis is given to complete resection of the tumor for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Further evaluation to find other lesions in different sites should be considered. Continued follow-up is recommended.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the preventive effect of three forms of Korean ginseng roots (fresh, white and red) against bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity in mouse male germ cells (GC-2spd, TM3, TM4). ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation were measured by DCF-DA (2',7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate) assay. Also, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bax (pro-apoptotic gene) and Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene). ROS generation was increased by $50{\mu}M$ BPA, but definitely decreased by treatment with Korean ginseng extracts (fresh, white and red) in mouse male germ cells. In especial, Korean fresh ginseng extract reduced significantly ROS production to normal control. In addition, Korean fresh and white ginseng extracts suppressed the apoptosis of mouse male germ cells by fine-tuning mRNA levels of apoptotic genes changed by BPA. In general, Korean fresh ginseng extract was more effective than white ginseng extract for reducing BPA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse male germ cells. Therefore, Korean fresh and white ginseng may help to alleviate biphenol A toxicity in mouse male germ cells.