• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.206-217
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• 2018

The nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast rbcL, matK, and psbA-trnH and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were determined from all species of Viburnum in Korea with multiple accessions to reconstruct the phylogeny and to evaluate the utility of the DNA sequences as DNA barcodes. The results of phylogenetic analyses of the cpDNA and ITS data are consistent with the findings of previous studies of Viburnum. Four morphologically closely related species, V. dilatatum, V. erosum, V. japonicum, and V. wrightii, were included in a strongly supported sister clade of V. koreanum and V. opulus. Viburnum odoratissimum is suggested to be sister to the V. dilatatum/V. koreanum clade in the cpDNA data, while V. odoratissimum is a sister to V. furcatum in the ITS data. Viburnum burejaeticum and V. carlesii are strongly supported as monophyletic. Our analyses of DNA barcode regions from multiple accessions of the species of Viburnum in Korea confirm that six out of ten species in Korea can be discriminated at the species level. The V. dilatatum complex can be separated from the remaining species according to molecular data, but the resolution power to differentiate a species within the complex is weak. This study suggests that regional DNA barcodes are useful for molecular species identification in the case of Viburnum when flowering or fruiting materials are not available.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2012

본 연구는 식품원료의 진위여부를 판별하기 위한 시험법으로 일반 프라이머를 이용한 DNA barcode 기법을 도입하였다. 동물성식품원료의 경우 미토콘드리아 DNA 중 cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2)와 cytochrome b(cyt b) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(L14724/H15915)를 사용하였다. 상기 3 종류의 프라이머를 사용하여 가축류 6종(소, 돼지, 염소, 양, 말 및 사슴), 가금류 4종(닭, 오리, 칠면조 및 타조), 어류 7종(명태, 대구, 청대구, 청어, 송어, 다랑어 및 우럭)을 대상으로 PCR 후 전기영동하여 예상되는 PCR 산물의 생성 유무를 확인하였다. 가축류 6종에 대하여는 LCO1490/HCO2198, VF2/FISH R2 및 L14724/H15915 프라이머를 사용한 경우 COI 및 cyt b가 모두 검출되었으며, 가금류 4종은 LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우만 COI이 검출되었다. 또한 어류 7종은 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우에만 COI 부위가 검출됨을 확인하였다. 식물의 경우 엽록체 DNA 부위를 이용하여 디자인된 3 종류의 프라이머(trnH/psbA, rpoB 1F/4R 및 rbcL 1F/724R)를 사용하였다. 각각의 프라이머를 이용하여 식물 5종(마늘, 양파, 무, 녹차 및 시금치)에 대하여 실험한 결과 3종류의 프라이머에서 PCR의 산물을 모두 확인하였으며 trnH/psbA 프라이머의 경우 식물 종마다 PCR 산물의 크기는 다르게 검출되었다. 본 연구에서는 17종의 식품원료별 일반 프라이머 및 PCR 조건을 확립하였으며, 생산된 PCR 산물을 대상으로 염기서열을 결정하고 유전자은행에 있는 염기서열과 DB 비교 분석을 통하여 식품에 사용된 원료의 진위여부 판별에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

The freshwater red algal genus Sheathia contains species with heterocortication (both bulbous and cylindrical cells covering the main axis) and homocortication (only cylindrical cells). When the genus was proposed, the species with heterocortication were revised, but all specimens with homocortication were assigned to Sheathia arcuata with the caveat that it may represent a species complex. Recent studies have described new species with homocortication and S. arcuata has been rendered paraphyletic. In the current study, new sequences of the rbcL and 5′ region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I markers were combined with previously published data to construct a robust phylogeny and circumscribe new species. Four new species, S. abscondita, S. californica, S. plantuloides, and S. transpacifica are proposed. Examination of morphological characters among homocorticate species show no diagnostic characters to distinguish among species, whereas S. plantuloides is only known from sporophytes (chantransia) so it lacks the typical morphological characters derived from the gametophytes for comparison. Although DNA sequence data would be needed to make a positive species identification, geography could be employed to narrow the identification to one or two species. The genus is geographically widespread having been recorded from oceanic islands and five continents, whereas the individual species typically occur on a single continent. With this study, the number of species recognized in Sheathia is raised to 17; seven heterocorticate and 10 homocorticate, making this genus one of the most species rich in the Batrachospermales. As well, the resulting phylogeny provides insights into the evolution of heterocortication in Sheathia.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

Specimens of red algae corresponding to the peyssonnelioid genus Sonderophycus were collected at Kure Atoll, Hawai'i, at a depth range of 88-94 m depth during mesophotic surveys of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawaiian Islands, and were analyzed using morphological and molecular approaches. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and chloroplast rbcL DNA sequences demonstrated that the Hawaiian specimens were identical to one another yet distinct from the three other species currently recognized within the genus (S. capensis [Montagne] M. J. Wynne, S. coriaceus [Womersley & Sinkora] M. J. Wynne, and S. fervens Dixon), as well as the likely congener, Peyssonnelia caulifera Okamura, and are proposed here as a new species: Sonderophycus copusii A. R. Sherwood. Sonderophycus copusii is morphologically distinct from other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: the presence of occasional secondary perithallial growth, emergence of rhizoids from the hypobasal cuticle at a strongly acute angle, a lack of horizontally directed filaments in the lower perithallus, and the lack of a stipe. This is the first record of the genus Sonderophycus in the Hawaiian Islands. Sonderophycus copusii was documented as a dominant member of the algal community at Kure Atoll, and thus may play a significant ecological role in the deep-water benthic community of Kure Atoll, along the lines of reports of deep water peyssonnelioid beds in the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Caribbean. This study further highlights the unexplored diversity of the Peyssonneliales in Hawai'i, and emphasizes more generally the degree of as yet undiscovered biodiversity of algae at mesophotic depths.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Objectives : Official Arisaematis Rhizoma is described only three species, Arisaema amurnse, Arisaema erubescens, and Arisaema heterophyllum, in national Pharmacopoeia. However, other Arisaema species, Arisaema ringens, Arisaema takesimense and Arisaema serratum, also have been distributed as an inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma in the herbal market. To develop a reliable molecular authentication method for Arisaematis Rhizoma in species level, we analyzed DNA barcode regions using six Arisaema species. Methods : Thirty-eight samples of six Arisaema plants species (A. amurense, A. amurense f. serratum, A. heterophyllum, A. takesimense, and A. serratum) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL gene) were analyzed after PCR amplification. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relations were estimated using entire sequences of three DNA barcodes based on the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : The comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences were revealed inter-species specific nucleotides to distinguish the medicinal plant of Arisaema Rhizoma in species levels excluding between A. amurense and its subspecies (A. amurense f. serratum) and A. takesimense and A. serratum, respectively. However, we obtained sequence differences enough to discriminate authentic and inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma. Therefore, we suggest that these SNP type molecular genetic markers were an reliable method avaliable to identify official herbal medicines. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides could be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing definitive information that can identify original medicinal plant and distinguish from inauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2018

The genus Crepidiastrum (Asteraceae), containing ca. 20 species, is mainly distributed in Asia. Crepidiastrum denticulatum, an edible plant that commonly call "e-go-deulppae-gi" in Korean, distributes in Korea, Japan, and China. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of C. denticulatum was characterized from MiSeq2000 (Illumina Co.) pair-end sequencing data. The cp genome of C. denticulatum has a total sequence length of 152,689 bp and show a typical quadripartite structure. It consists of the large single copy (LSC: 84,022 bp), small single copy (SSC: 18,519 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: 25,074 bp) and contains 110 unique genes and 18 genes duplicated in the IR regions. Our comparative analysis identified three cpDNA regions (matK, rbcL, and psbA-trnH) from three Crepidiastrum species, which may be useful for molecular identification of each species, and providing a guideline for its clear confirming about dried medical herb.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2018

Coreanomecon is a monotypic and endemic genus in Korea, distributed mainly in the southern regions. Coreanomecon is morphologically similar to Hylomecon by producing red latex, easily distinguished from Chelidonium, which produces yellow latex. Coreanomecon were merged into Hylomecon or Chelidonium depending on the authors. To understand the phylogenetic relationship of Coreanomecon, DNA sequences of chloroplast rbcL and matK and nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were determined from the species of Papaveroideae (Papaveraceae) in Korea and analyzed with the Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods. Phylogenetic analyses of Papaveroideae suggest that Coreanomecon is sister to the clade of Chelidonium and Stylophorum in the ITS data and that it is sister to Hylomecon in the chloroplast (cpDNA) data. A constraining analysis using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (S-H test) suggested that the ITS data do not reject the sister relationship of Coreanomecon and Hylomecon. The S-H test also suggested that the cpDNA data is compatible with the placement of Coreanomecon as a sister to the clade of Chelidonium and Stylophorum. Although the conflicting phylogenetic results may stem from insufficient phylogenetic signals, they may also be associated with hybridization between Hylomecon and an ancestor of Stylophorum and Chelidonium. The results of this study suggest that Coreanomecon is a distinct lineage as an endemic genus, supporting the morphological data.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

Objectives : The origin of Breeae Herba (So-gye) and Cirsii Herba (Dae-gye) is differently prescribed in Korean and Chinese modern pharmacopoeia. Since the similar morphological characteristics and chaotic plant names, moreover, the aerial part of Carduus crispus have been used as the Cirsii Herba. To develop a reliable method for correct identification of these herbal medicines and to evaluate the genetic relationship of these closely related plant species, we analyzed sequences of DNA barcode regions. Methods : Thirty-one samples of 6 medicinal plants (B. segeta, B. setosa, C. japonicum var. maackii, C. setidens, C. chanroenicum, and C. crispus) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed after amplification using appropriate primers reported in previous studies. The nucleotides of species-specific authentic marker and phylogenetic relations were estimated based on the entire sequences of DNA barcodes by the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : In comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences, we obtained specific nucleotides to discriminate the medicinal plant of Breeae/Cirsii Herba in species level and evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of these species. Futhermore, we identified distinct marker nucleotides enough to authenticate respective species. These sequence differences at corresponding positions were avaliable genetic markers to determine the botanical origins of Breeae Herbal as well as Cirsii Herba. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish from unauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2015

우리나라 석곡과 석곡이 자연 분포하는 인접의 일본, 대만, 중국 석곡간의 유전적 차이를 규명하고 약재로 유통되는 석곡의 동종성을 검증하기 위하여, 4개국의 여러 집단에서 기원한 석곡 30여 개체 및 근연의 28종간 핵 ITS 지역 및 엽록체 rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA 지역 등의 염기서열을 비교분석하였다. 계통학적 분석 결과 한국산 석곡과 원기재지인 일본의 석곡은 단계통군을 이루었으며, 염기서열상으로도 큰 차이가 없어, 동일종으로 판단되었다. 그러나 중국 및 대만산 석곡은 한국 및 일본 석곡과는 매우 다른 분기군들을 이루어, 측계통군 또는 다계통군을 형성하였다. 근연의 다양한 석곡속 종들이 한국-일본 석곡과 중국-대만 석곡 사이에 위치하였고, 중국-대만 석곡 개체간에도 다양한 근연의 다른 종들이 위치하였다. 원래 석곡이 일본에서 기재되었으므로 한국-일본 석곡이 원종이다. 그러나 중국-대만 석곡은 다양한 다른 종의 복합체로 생각되며, 중국-대만 석곡의 경우 종의 실체 파악을 위하여 보다 자세한 조사가 필요하다. 우리나라-일본 석곡의 경우 집단 간의 유전적 차이가 거의 없었고, 대만-중국 석곡의 경우는 개체간의 유전적 이질성이 매우 높았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

A marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) was collected from Imgok, which is located on the eastern coast of Korea. This species is morphologically characterized by distromatic, filiform to strap compressed or tubular thallus. Many branches were found near the base, but lacked proliferations. Cells were longitudinally aligned in the younger part of the branch and were disordered in the older part of the branch. A cap-like parietal chloroplast with one or two pyrenoids was contained in each cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on ITS and rbcL sequences, this species was nested in the same clade as Ulva torta and U. clathratioides from Australia, but formed a sister clade to U. torta from Japan. However, the genetic divergence between them was included in an intraspecific variation range within Ulva. This finding suggests that U. clathratioides should be reduced to a synonym of U. torta. Accordingly, the Korean alga was identified as U. torta based on the morphological and molecular data. This investigation is the first record of U. torta in the Korean marine algal flora.