• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Species in the heterokont genus Synura are colonial and have silica scales whose ultrastructural characteristics are used for classification. We examined the ultrastructure of silica scales and molecular data (nuclear SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and plastid rbcL sequences) to better understand the taxonomy and phylogeny within the section Petersenianae of genus Synura. In addition, we report the first finding of newly recorded Synura species from Korea. Results: We identified all species by examination of scale ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Three newly recorded species from Korea, Synura americana, Synura conopea, and Synura truttae were described based on morphological characters, such as cell size, scale shape, scale size, keel shape, number of struts, distance between struts, degree of interconnections between struts, size of base plate pores, keel pores, base plate hole, and posterior rim. The scales of the newly recorded species, which belong to the section Petersenianae, have a well-developed keel and a characteristic number of struts on the base plate. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from three genes in 32 strains (including three outgroup species). The results provided strong statistical support that the section Petersenianae was monophyletic, and that all taxa within this section had well-developed keels and a defined number of struts on the base plate. Conclusions: The phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of three genes was congruent with the data on scale ultrastructure. The resulting phylogenetic tree strongly supported the existence of the section Petersenianae. In addition, we propose newly recorded Synura species from Korea based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters: S. americana, S. conopea, and S. truttae.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.345-363
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• 2023

뗏목말과 녹조류는 담수생태계 주요 우점생물군으로, 형태적 가변성과 종 구분 기준의 복잡성이 증가하고 있어 전 세계 40속 약 380종의 계통분류체계는 명확하지 않다(Comas and Komárek 1984; Kim 2015a). 우리나라의 뗏목말과는 17속 119종이 알려져 있으나, Desmodesmus 속 38종의 계통관계에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 뗏목말과 Desmodesmus속 종간 계통관계를 다유전자 분석을 기반으로 제시한다. 본 연구는 국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행 (FBCC)이 보유하고 있는 Desmodesmus속 19종(unidentifies spp 제외) 70개 배양주의 총 299개 유전자(핵 18S rRNA, 색소체 atpB, petA, rbcL, 및 tufA) 서열을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 Desmodesmus속 종의 생태 및 형태적 특징으로 유연관계를 추정하기는 매우 어려웠다. 그러나 색소체 유전자(atpB, petA, rbcL 및 tufA)는 핵 18S rRNA보다 높은 변이율(P-distance)을 보여주며 종간 계통관계 구축의 유용성을 보여주고 있다. 다유전자 유합계통수는 Desmodesmus속 내 6개 이상의 clades 구분을 제안하고 있다. Clade-1에는 D. serratus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 1 FBCC-A515, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 2 FBCC-A1236를 포함하며, Clade-2는 D. communis, D. dispar, D. maximus, D. pannonicus 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 3 (FBCC-A724 와 FBCC-A725)를 포함한다. Clade-3는 D. bicaudatus와 D. intermedius의 2종을, Clade-4는 D. microspina, D. pleiomorphus, D. subspicatus, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 10 (FBCC-A1279 및 FBCC-A1332)의 4종을, Clade-5는 D. abundans, D. spinosus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 4 FBCC-A1293, 및 unidentified Desmodesmus sp. 5 (FBCC-A1277 등)의 4종을, Clade-6는 D. armatus, D. armatus var. longispina, D. opoliensis, unidentified Desmodesmus spp 6~9를 포함한다. 담수생물자원은행(FBCC) 배양주의 새로운 유전자 정보는 뗏목말과 녹조류의 종동정 및 분자생태학적 연구에 활용할 수 있다. 또한 분자계통 결과는 우리나라 Desmodesmus속 녹조류의 종다양성 정보 확대에 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2016

한국에 분포하는 두릅나무과 식물 대부분은 중요한 약용 식물로 경제적인 가치가 크다. 본 연구는 분자적 방법인 엽록체 DNA 바코드 염기서열 분석을 통해 한국에 자생하고 있는 두릅나무과 식물 14종 전체의 속 및 종간 유연관계를 파악해 보고 이를 구별할 수 있는 마커를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 국제 생물 DNA 바코드 컨소시엄(CBOL, the Consortium for the Barcode of Life)이 DNA barcoding marker로 제안한 엽록체 DNA 7영역의 염기서열을 분석한 결과, psbA-trnH영역에서 가장 많은 삽입, 결실 및 염기치환이 나타났으며 조사된 한국의 두릅나무과 식물 14종 모두 구분 될 수 있었다. 또한 각각의 영역에서 특정 속과 종만이 지니는 특이적인 염기서열을 찾을 수 있었다. 인삼의 경우 중국삼과 한국삼의 염기서열에는 차이가 전혀 없었다. 7영역을 모두 유합하여 작성한 계통수에서는 통탈목이 특이성을 나타내며 가장 기부에 분계조를 형성하였다. 두릅나무속과 인삼속은 자매군을 형성하였고, 오갈피속 5 종 역시 서로 높은 유연관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 한국에 자생하는 14종의 두릅나무과 식물들이 모두 엽록체 DNA 바코드 마커 개발을 통해 동정이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Objectives : Official Arisaematis Rhizoma is described only three species, Arisaema amurnse, Arisaema erubescens, and Arisaema heterophyllum, in national Pharmacopoeia. However, other Arisaema species, Arisaema ringens, Arisaema takesimense and Arisaema serratum, also have been distributed as an inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma in the herbal market. To develop a reliable molecular authentication method for Arisaematis Rhizoma in species level, we analyzed DNA barcode regions using six Arisaema species. Methods : Thirty-eight samples of six Arisaema plants species (A. amurense, A. amurense f. serratum, A. heterophyllum, A. takesimense, and A. serratum) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL gene) were analyzed after PCR amplification. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relations were estimated using entire sequences of three DNA barcodes based on the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : The comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences were revealed inter-species specific nucleotides to distinguish the medicinal plant of Arisaema Rhizoma in species levels excluding between A. amurense and its subspecies (A. amurense f. serratum) and A. takesimense and A. serratum, respectively. However, we obtained sequence differences enough to discriminate authentic and inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma. Therefore, we suggest that these SNP type molecular genetic markers were an reliable method avaliable to identify official herbal medicines. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides could be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing definitive information that can identify original medicinal plant and distinguish from inauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

Objectives : The origin of Breeae Herba (So-gye) and Cirsii Herba (Dae-gye) is differently prescribed in Korean and Chinese modern pharmacopoeia. Since the similar morphological characteristics and chaotic plant names, moreover, the aerial part of Carduus crispus have been used as the Cirsii Herba. To develop a reliable method for correct identification of these herbal medicines and to evaluate the genetic relationship of these closely related plant species, we analyzed sequences of DNA barcode regions. Methods : Thirty-one samples of 6 medicinal plants (B. segeta, B. setosa, C. japonicum var. maackii, C. setidens, C. chanroenicum, and C. crispus) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed after amplification using appropriate primers reported in previous studies. The nucleotides of species-specific authentic marker and phylogenetic relations were estimated based on the entire sequences of DNA barcodes by the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : In comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences, we obtained specific nucleotides to discriminate the medicinal plant of Breeae/Cirsii Herba in species level and evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of these species. Futhermore, we identified distinct marker nucleotides enough to authenticate respective species. These sequence differences at corresponding positions were avaliable genetic markers to determine the botanical origins of Breeae Herbal as well as Cirsii Herba. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish from unauthentic adulterants and substitutes.