• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

The use of GPS receiver at outer space becomes common in low earth orbit. The KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-1 (KOMPSAT-1) which was launched in December 1999 has used GPS receiver's navigation solution to perform the Orbit Determination (OD) in the ground. At the circumstance of using only one ground station, the Orbit Determination using GPS receiver is good method. Because the accuracy of navigation solution acquiring directly from GPS receiver is not enough in satellite application such as map generation, post-processing concepts such as the Precise Orbit Determination (POD) are applied to satellite data processing to improve satellite position accuracy. The POD uses GPS receiver's raw measurement data instead of GPS receiver's navigation solution. The KOrea Multi- Purpose SATellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2) system newly uses the POD technique for large scale map generation. The satellite was launched in the end of July 2006. The satellite sends high resolution images in panchromatic band and multi-spectral bands to the ground. The satellite system uses GPS receivers as source of time synchronization and command reference in the satellite, provider of navigation solution for the OD, and provider of raw measurement data for the POD. In this paper, mechanical configuration and operations of the GPS receiver will be presented. The GPS data characteristics of the satellite such as time synchronization, command reference, the OD using GPS receiver's navigation solution, and the POD using GPS receiver's raw measurement data will be presented and analyzed. The enhancement of performance compared with it of the previous satellite will also be analyzed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.92.1-92.1
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• 2011

NASA launched Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on February 2011 in order to understand the cause of solar activities and their influences on the Earth and the near-Earth space. KASI is constructing Korean Data Center for SDO based on the letter of agreement between KASI and NASA for space weather research. SDO produces about 1.5 TB a day and its raw data amounts to about 550 TB in a year. Stanford University has been already operating the data center for scientific raw data, but there is a limit to use its data for space weather research and space weather service in real time because of network environment. Korean Data Center for SDO will provide scientific data not only to Korean institutes but also to international space weather societies. KASI has designed the data transfer system by using GLORIAD in order to get higher performance and stability. After the first construction of data transfer system and storage system in this year, we will increase the storage capacity of the data center in phases considering new developments in a storage technology and drop of their prices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this case study is to verify the chemical exposure reductions for various chemicals by substituting the ingredients of raw materials in a polyurethane(PU) foaming industry. The PU foaming process was making various passenger car seats from chemicals such as toluene diisocinate(TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate(MDI) and polyols. Methods: Basic process data and workers' health effects could be gathered by interviewing managers and reviewing previous exposure monitoring data. Amine, aldehyde and isocyanate chemicals were analyzed following the NIOSH-NMAM. Area sampling methods rather than personal sampling were introduced for this field investigation. Results: Two amines, triethylene diamine(TEDA) and N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,6- hexanediamine(TMHDA) were identified in raw polyol, cured PU foam and air. The average concentrations of TEDA and TMHDA showd less than 1 ppm by area sampling; however, that caused halovision among workers in PU-PAD process. Aldehydes and isocyanates were detected in the air while the concentrations were relatively low compare to occupational exposure limits. Successful raw material substitution from nonreactive amine to reactive amine could reduces air-borne amine and aldehyde levels by about 70%. Halovision had been disappeared successfully in the process. Conclusions: Several amines caused halovision among workers in PU-PAD process, especially during summer season in spite of relatively low levels. Combination of reactive amines into urethane foam could reduced vapor generation into air, which resulted in the elimination of eye troubles in the process.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a super resolution network for raw sensor image which data size is lower comparatively to RGB image. But the actual capabilities of raw image super resolution depends on color correction because its absent of camera post processing that leads to unintended result having different white balance, saturation, etc. Thus, we introduce novel color corrector attention network by adopting the idea of precedent raw super resolution research, and tune to the our faced problem from data specification. The result is not superior to former researches but shows decent output on certain performance matrix. In the same time, we encounter new challenging problem of unexpected shadowing artifact around image objects that cause performance declination despite its good result overall. This problem remains a task to be solved in the future research.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.514-519
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• 2017

In this paper, the pseudorange-based GPS performance using the Android's raw measurements is compared with NMEA. In order to compare the performance between the two different implementations, we used Nexus 9 tablets and collected the raw measurements and NMEA data using the GNSS logger application provided by Google. To verify the performance of the final coordinates calculated, the VRS was used as the reference coordinate and compared with the NMEA results. The resulting horizontal, vertical, and 3D RMS errors of the pseudorange-based GPS using the Android's raw measurements are 3.05, 3.82, and 4.97 m, respectively, which correspond to 32% horizontal, 65% vertical and 49% 3D performance improvement compared with NMEA.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Gagamtongsoon-San (GT) has an inhibitory effect and its mechanisms are associated with the iNOS and COX-2. Methods Cytotoxic activity of GT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Inflammatory condition was induced by LPS. NO production was measured using Griess reagent system. The expressions of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were determined by realtime PCR. The concentrations of PGE2 were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results The GT does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration $500{\mu}g/ml$ or below. GT significantly reduced the NO production in a dose-dependent manner. GT $500{\mu}g/ml$ also suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2. GT $500{\mu}g/ml$ reduced the PGE2 secretion in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These outcomes show that GT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities. And also this conclusion can be the data that supports the GT's anti-inflammatory effect objectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-137
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• 2000

Korea market of food service industry has been increased greatly since early 90's with the emergence of professional catering business and the expansion of school food service. Because of the characteristics of food service establishment, feeding many people at a time, there is always a high potential of foodborne outbreak which requires special sanitary management to prevent. Currently, many catering businesses are interested in HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points), a new sanitary management system, and are trying to develop HACCP Plans for their food service establishment. Microbiological hazard analysis, a most important step for developing HACCP Plan, provides also basic information for evaluating sanitary aspect of prepared foods and their materials. There are not extensive data of microbiological hazard analysis for food service operations, especially for prepared foods and raw materials, which are helpful for developing a HACCP Plan. The extensive microbiological hazard analyses for 65 prepared foods and 51 raw materials selected from a couple of food service establishment were performed in this research. These results will provide useful information to determine hazards for developing a HACCP plan, and also to understand sanitary status for prepared foods and raw materials in food service establishment.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to form a new cosmetic market through the development of a composition with high skin permeability after adding omega 3 to Aloe Vera soothing gel products. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, omega-3 fatty acids were added to cosmetic products in the form of soothing gels. By applying nanoparticle technology to rapidly increase the penetration of raw materials into the skin, characteristics related to skin moisture and regeneration were determined. Omega-3 was used as a raw cosmetic material. Then 5% and 15% nanoparticle aqueous products containing omega-3 were prepared. The developed water hydrate was subjected to skin permeability test using artificial skin. Results: 53 hours of artificial transdermal penetration of the developed composition, the ethanol-based omega-3 containing nanoparticle solubilized raw material was about three times higher penetration than the ethanol-based omega-3 containing nanoparticle solubilized raw material. Conclusions: The raw material product (SR-1901) containing 5% of omega-3 nanoparticle water hydrate has skin regeneration ability and pain reduction effect. It can be expected that the skin cosmetics market will be reorganized into a new distribution structure and opportunity through omega-3 supplemented soothing gel cosmetics with improved efficacy than existing cosmetics.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2022

As the elderly population gradually increases, the risk of fatal fall accidents among the elderly is increasing. One way to cope with a fall accident is to determine the fall direction before impact using a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU). In this context, a previous study proposed a method of classifying fall directions using a support vector machine with sensor velocity, acceleration, and tilt angle as input parameters. However, in this method, the IMU signals are processed through several processes, including a Kalman filter and the integration of acceleration, which involves a large amount of computation and error factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a machine learning-based method that classifies the fall direction before impact using IMU raw signals rather than processed data. In this study, we investigated the effects of the following two factors on the classification performance: (1) the usage of processed/raw signals and (2) the selection of machine learning techniques. First, as a result of comparing the processed/raw signals, the difference in sensitivities between the two methods was within 5%, indicating an equivalent level of classification performance. Second, as a result of comparing six machine learning techniques, K-nearest neighbor and naive Bayes exhibited excellent performance with a sensitivity of 86.0% and 84.1%, respectively.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze price variance by year, region and company of raw herbal medicines to draw payment system for herbal medicine insurances in the National Health Insurance. Methods : To analyse price variance, we used 2015-2017 data of 'Quality test results of imported herbal medicines' provided by Korea Pharmaceutical Traders Association and 'Price data of 56 raw herbal medicines' that was surveyed by the Association of Korean Medicine. We analysed gap of highest price and lowest price those were compared with average price and coefficient of variation(CV) of prices by year, region and company of raw herbal medicines. Results : In analysing 3 years data, the highest price was 23.2% higher, and the lowest price was 19.1% lower than the average price. As of 2018, the average price of domestic produced herbal medicines was 1,8 times higher than that of imported herbal medicines. By companies, the highest price was 117.5% higher, and the lowest price was 57.3% lower than the average price. Conclusions : The price of herbal medicines varied by production year, region and company. This results suggest that comprehensive payment model needs to be considered in modeling the health insurance coverage for herbal medicine decoctions.