• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2008

본 연구는 서울특별시 소재 S 물재생센터의 하수슬러지 소각로에서 발생하는 비산재를 이용한 제올라이트 합성에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 출발물질로서 소각비산재의 특성, 제올라이트 합성을 위한 수열반응조건, 합성된 제올라이트의 적용성을 조사하였다. 하수슬러지 소각 비산재에는 중량으로 각각 42.8%와 21.2%로 많은 양의 SiO$_2$와 Al$_2$O$_3$를 함유하고 있어, 제올라이트 합성의 출발물질로 이용이 가능하였다. 소각 비산재의 중금속 유해성 파악을 위해 용출시험과 함유량 시험을 실시하였는데, 용출시험 결과는 폐기물관리법에서 규제하는 용출기준에 비해 매우 적은 양이 검출되었으나, 함유량 시험에서는 비료관리법 상의 보통 비료 중 유기질 비료 및 부산물 비료의 중금속 위해성 기준을 초과하였다. 수열반응 결과, 주로 생성된 제올라이트는 analcime과 zeolite P1이었다. Analcime은 teflon 반응용기에서 생성되었고, 최적의 반응조건은 알칼리(NaOH)용액의 농도 1 N, 합성온도 135$^{\circ}C$, 합성시간 16시간이었다. 한편, Zeolite P1은 붕규산 유리질 반응용기에서 합성되었고, 알칼리(NaOH)용액 농도 5 N, 합성온도 130$^{\circ}C$, 합성시간 16시간에서 가장 많은 양이 합성되었다. 수열반응 후의 유해 중금속 함유량은 합성전과 비교하여 analcime 생성물에서는 비슷한 수준으로, zeolite P1 생성물에서는 약 절반 정도 감소하였다. 합성된 제올라이트의 성능은 암모늄 이온의 교환정도로서 파악하였는데, 소각 비산재에서 0$\sim$1.0 mg NH$_4{^+}$/g, analcime합성물 3.0$\sim$7.4 mg NH$_4{^+}$/g, 그리고 zeolite P1합성물에서 14.6$\sim$17.8 mg NH$_4{^+}$/g이었다. 천연 제올라이트인 clinoptilolite와 phillipsite의 암모니아 제거능력이 15$\sim$35 mg NH$_4{^+}$/g 정도인데, 본 연구에서는 zeolite P1합성물이 이 범위를 충족하였다. 이러한 관점에서 하수슬러지 소각 비산재를 이용한 제올라이트 합성은 폐기물 재활용의 좋은 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2018

This paper investigates the reaction rate of $CO_2$ storing carbonation hybrid reaction by comparing the behavior of carbonation between $Ca(OH)_2$ and fly ash with that of CFBC (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion) containing plenty of Free-CaO. Because fly ash with CFBC contains a lot of unreacted CaO, it cannot be used as a raw material for concrete admixtures and its usages are limited. To reuse such material, we stabilized unreacted CaO by carbonation and investigated the carbonation rate. We used a pH meter and a thermometer to check the rate of the carbonization. Also, we set the contents of fly ash with CFBC, $Ca(OH)_2$, flow and fluid of $CO_2$, respectively, to 100 g, 50 g, 100 ~ 1000 cc/min and 400 g based on the content of Free-CaO. We used carbonated water instead of water, and added an alkaline activator to promote the carbonation rate. As a result, the addition of the alkaline activator and carbonated water promoted the rate of carbonation via a hybrid reaction.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2018

A study was performed to analyze the biochemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, ash, salt value, iron, calcium and phosphorus) of raw and salted hilsa. Pure (with less than 1% impurities) and clean dry salt was used (fish weight : salt weight = 3 : 1) for salting the hilsa. The nutrients values of the hilsa from two different regions were significantly (p < 0.05) varied. The biochemical compositions were also different before and after the processing of the hilsa. Riverine hilsa contains relatively more moisture ($57.79{\pm}0.51%$) and protein ($15.65{\pm}0.50%$) than marine hilsa. Fat ($16.39{\pm}0.51%$) and salt ($1.80{\pm}0.14%$) contents are higher in marine hilsa; whereas the ash ($7.88{\pm}0.35%$) content was higher in the riverine hilsa. Minerals like iron ($4.92{\pm}0.32mg/100g$) and calcium ($480.02{\pm}6.73mg/100g$) remain in large amounts in the marine hilsa, but the phosphorus ($112.36{\pm}4.40mg/100g$) content remains at a high level in the riverine hilsa. In addition, the protein (raw condition, $18.54{\pm}0.46%$, riverine; $17.12{\pm}0.42%$, marine and salted condition, $32.54{\pm}0.5%$, riverine; $27.31{\pm}0.48%$, marine) and fat (raw condition, $15.41{\pm}0.46%$, riverine; $19.07{\pm}0.51%$, marine and salted condition, $11.58{\pm}0.39%$, riverine; $13.6{\pm}0.55%$, marine) contents were higher in the abdominal region of the riverine and marine hilsa both in the raw and salted conditions than in the head and caudal region.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of the commercial wood pellets such as moisture content, heating value, ash content, and chemical component. The wood pellets from national forestry cooperatives federation and China were evaluated to see if they can be 1st or 2nd class of Korea standard. Indonesian pellet was estimated to be a 3rd class because of the heating value and high ash content. It is considered that there is a quality difference in wood pellets in accordance with the production nations. It could be originated from the difference of raw materials produced in different region.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2017

This work investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) generated by an energy cogeneration process in sugarcane mill as an alternative raw material in soil-cement brick. The SCBA obtained from a sugarcane mill located in southeastern Brazil was characterized with respect to its chemical composition, organic matter content, X-ray diffraction, plasticity, and pozzolonic activity. Soil-cement bricks were prepared by pressing and curing. Later, they were tested to determine technical properties (e.g., volumetric shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and compressive strength), present crystalline phases, and microstructural evolution. It was found that the SCBA contains appreciable amounts of silica ($SiO_2$) and organic matter. The results showed that the SCBA could be used in soil-cement bricks, in the range up to 30 wt.%, as a partial replacement for Portland cement. These results suggest that the SCBA could be valorized for manufacturing low-cost soil-cement bricks.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1997

A study on the synthesis of zeolite from bituminous coal ESP fly ash as a raw material, which was emitted from the power plant, was carried out to reduce environmental problems and reuse of the industrial wastes. Bituminous coal fly ash was used as the source of silica and alumina. Zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in aqueous NaOH solution with sodium aluminate as additive. The objective of this study is to elucidate the effect of several experimental variables on the synthesis of zeolite. The effects of preroasting temperature, mixing speed, leaching alkalinity, and molar ratio of Na$_{2}$O/SiO$_{2}$ and SiO$_{2}$/Al$_{2}$O of the products were investigated. The synthesized zeolite was proved to be NaA, which is known as 4A type, by comparing with SEM images, and X-ray diffraction analysis. And also we know that the transformation of zeolite A take places into other types of zeolites, i.e. Hydroxysodalite, zeolite P, with the variation of leaching alkalinity.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2013

Fly ash is one of the aluminosilicate sources used for the synthesis of geopolymers. The particle size distribution of fly ash and the content of unburned carbon residue are known to affect the compressive strength of geopolymers. In this study, the effects of particle size and unburned carbon content of fly ash on the compressive strength of geopolymers have been studied over a compositional range in geopolymer gels. Unburned carbon was effectively separated in the $-46{\mu}m$ fraction using an air classifier and the fixed carbon content declined from 3.04 wt% to 0.06 wt%. The mean particle size ($d_{50}$) decreased from $22.17{\mu}m$ to $10.79{\mu}m$. Size separation of fly ash by air classification resulted in reduced particle size and carbon residue content with a collateral increase in reactivity with alkali activators. Geopolymers produced from carbon-free ash, which was separated by air classification, developed up to 50 % higher compressive strength compared to geopolymers synthesized from raw ash. It was presumed that porous carbon particles hinder geopolymerization by trapping vitreous spheres in the pores of carbon particles and allowing them to remain intact in spite of alkaline attack. The microstructure of the geopolymers did not vary considerably with compressive strength, but the highest connectivity of the geopolymer gel network was achieved when the Si/Al ratio of the geopolymer gel was 5.0.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2018

The study investigated the seasonal and regional changes in the food components of raw laver Pyropia sp.. Samples were obtained monthly from December 2017 to March 2018 at auction markets located in Gangseo-gu, Busan (Nakdong-raw laver), Seocheon-gun, Chungnam, Wando-gun, Jeonnam and Goheung-gun, Jeonnam. The general components, heavy metals and minerals, free amino acids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed. No significant physicochemical changes in the moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents were observed in the raw lavers tested. However, the crude protein content of Nakdong-raw laver was the highest in December 2017 at $7.20{\pm}0.28%$ and the content was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. In addition, the taurine, zinc, manganese and TPC contents of Nakdong-raw laver was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. The ethanolic extract of Nakdong-raw laver also had higher antioxidant activity, including as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) radical scavenging activity, although there was no significant correlation between TPC and the antioxidant activity. This study is the first analysis of seasonal and regional changes in the major food components of raw laver cultivated in Korea.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 인공골재를 제조하기 위하여 저급 점토에 석탄회(Fly Ash와 Bottom Ash)를 각각 첨가하여, 여러 분석기기(SEM, XRD, XRF, TG-DTA, Dilatometer, UTM)를 이용하여 물리 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Fly ash, bottom ash, clay의 화학조성은 $SiO_2$가 33.01, 53.73 및 68.36 wt% $Al_2O_3$는 28.54, 32.42 및 18.12 wt%와 이외에 $Fe_2O_2$와 알카리 성분 등이 함유하고 있다. 소성에 의한 인공골재의 치밀화 과정을 관찰하기 위해 Dilatometer를 측정하였다. 시편들은 $850^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 서서히 수축이 시작되어 $1100^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 급격하게 수축하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 소성온도와 배합조성에 따른 시편의 결정상을 알아보기 위하여 $1150^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리 하였으며 fly Ash를 사용한 시편의 주 결정상은 quartz, anorthite, albite상이 관찰되었고 bottom ash를 사용한 시편은 quartz, anorthite, mullite가 관찰되었다. $1150^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 시편에서 플라이애쉬 보다 바탐애쉬를 첨가한 시편이 압축강도가 우수 하며, 바탐애쉬 첨가한 시편의 경우 압축강도 87.5 kgf/$cm^2$로 가장 우수 하였으며 인공골재로의 이용이 가능함을 알 수가 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2017

Recycled cenosphere, which is a hollow shaped particle from fly ash, has become attractive as a building material due to its light weight and excellent heat insulation and soundproof properties. In this paper, we investigated the effect of cenosphere size on the physical and optical properties. High brightness of cenosphere as raw material is required for a wide range of ceramics applications, particularly in fields of building materials and industrial ceramic tiles. Cenospheres were sorted by particle size; the microstructure was analyzed according to the cenosphere size distribution. Cenospheres were generally composed of quartz, mullite, and amorphous phase. Colour measurement corresponding to chemical composition revealed that the contents of iron oxide and carbon in the cenospheres were the major factors determining the brightness of the cenospheres.