• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contents of open inquiry activities of the newly revised 2007 National curriculum for each grade level and to teach open inquiry activities and selection of rational inquiry activities. For this study, 470 elementary students in Seoul, ranging from 3rd to 6th grades were surveyed. The experiment plans written by students were analyzed based on the analysis criteria. These criteria consisted of the reason for the selection, type, and suitability of open inquiry activities. The reason for selecting open inquiry activities were analyzed according to the reason why they want to conduct the activity, degree of getting help and the object of getting help. The types of the open inquiry activities were analyzed according to the field of inquiry, the inquiry method and the period of inquiry. Suitability of the open inquiry activities were analyzed according to the reason of suitability or unsuitability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal and gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct bleeding control is very important for saving lives in the emergency room. Despite the conventional bleeding control methods of wiring (jaw fracture, wound suture and direct pressure), continuous bleeding can occur due to the presence of various bleeding disorders. There are five main causes for excessive bleeding disorders in the clinical phase; (1) vascular wall alteration (infection, scurvy etc.), (2) disorders of platelet function (3) thrombocytopenic purpura (4) inherited disorders of coagulation, and (5) acquired disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulant drug etc.). In particular, infections can alter the structure and function of the vascular wall to a point at which the patient may have a clinical bleeding problem due to vessel engorgement and erosion. Wound infection is a frequent cause of postoperative active bleeding. To prevent postoperative bleeding, early infection control using a wound suture with proper drainage establishment is very important, particularly in the active bleeding sites in a contaminated emergency room. This is a case report of a rational bleeding control method by rapid wiring, wound suture with drainage of a rubber strip & iodoform gauze and wet gauze packing, in a 26-year-old male cerebral palsy patient with active oral and maxillofacial bleeding injuries caused by a traffic accident.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

Purpose: The incidence of gastric neoplasms is increasing in the elderly population, and a rational method of treatment for gastric cancer in the elderly is needed to improve survival. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether the patient's age is an independent prognostic factor and to determine clinicopathological characteristics in the elderly. Material and Methods: Curative or palliative surgery for gastric cancer was carried out on 706 patients in Chosun University Hospital from March 1995 to February 2002. They were divided into the following two groups: elderly group (75 years or older) and control group (under 74 years old). The clinicopathologic features of these patients were reviewed retrospectively, and a multivariate analysis was performed. Results: There was no difference in clinicopathological appearances between the two groups, and the postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were similar in the two groups. The two groups showed similar survival rates. Conclusion: In this study, age was not a prognostic factor in surgery for gastric cancer. In the elderly, an oncologically correct surgical procedure can safely be prosecuted with satisfactory early and late results.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

As the need for quantitative qualities of IT investment performance heightens, numerous research organizations are developing various measurement methods for the quantitative evaluation and its currency value conversion. Corporations utilizing these methods to evaluate IT investment performance are gradually increasing. However, working-level staff in the corporations that have introduced the quantitative evaluation can not assure if the evaluation sufficiently reflects the actual effect provided by IT since the results arising from the conversion of currency value can't be visibly confirmed. This study tries to identify whether the quantitative evaluation of IT investment performance can be explained in terms of the level of consumer satisfaction proven by the qualitative evaluation by analyzing the level of consumer satisfaction and quantitative evaluation of a case company and identifying the correlation between them. As the result of the case study, the following points have been concluded. Firstly, the currency value of IT effect correlates with the level of consumer satisfaction. Secondly, in order to come up with a rational currency value of IT effect, developing an indicator as well as managing data on currency conversion that will enable the internal system's efficiency to become more quantitative is essential. Thirdly, IT ROI is not appropriate to compare the performance between systems and is utilized as a measurement standard for each system's performance and efficiency. Lastly, quantitative evaluation is still inadequate in the evaluation of the system's strategic side, and consumer satisfaction can be utilized as a supplementary method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3595-3604
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• 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), descarboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.549-560
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• 2015

The priorities of siting restriction was derived from quantification of environmental hazard according to industrial classification based on 'Chemical Ranking and Scoring System(CRS)' which is handling the discharge characteristics of 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at 'Industrial Complex in Rural Area(ICRA)'. CRS that is utilizing the data of 'Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers(PRTR)' is applied to determine human health risk and ecological risk which are calculated by discharged amount and materials $LC_{50}$ according to water, soil and air media based on industrial classification. From this process, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment for integrating the adverse environmental impact and the mitigation effect of environmental risk according to the development of environmental technologies into establishing the rational landuse management method for the 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at ICRA was analyzed. From the assessment result of the siting restriction removal at ICRA for 31 industrial classifications, based on 2012 year reference 6 industries that includes Manufacture of Guilt Coloration Surface Processing Steel Materials, Manufacture of Biological Product, Manufacture of Smelting Refining and Alloys of Copper, Dyeing and Finishing of Fibers and Yarns, Manufacture of Other Basic Iron and Steel n.e.c., Rolling Drawing and Extruding of Non-ferrous Metals n.e.c. are calculated as having relatively lower environmental hazards, thus it is judged that the siting restriction mitigation at ICRA is possible for the 6 industrial classifications that are not discharging the specific hazardous water contaminants during manufacturing process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1974

In order to establish a rational application method of potash to paddy rice(Oryza sativa L. Jinheung, a Japonica variety) field and pot experiments on split application of two rates (6kg and 12kg $K_2O$ per 10a) of potash at a certain critical growing stage have conducted in 1973 and the results were as follows: 1. At the treatment where a rate of 6kg $K_2O$ per 10a(lower dose) of potash was supplied in two split doses, a half at transplanting time and the other half at young panicle formation stage, the yield of paddy rice appeatred to be low due to less number of panicles per hill. (Field experiment) 2. The treatment where potash supply ceased at transplanting time or at effective tillering stage but supplied at the other two stages (including panicle initiation stage) have failed to increase K content in the flag leaf and have shown low maturity and low thousand grain weight, which resulted in low paddy rice yield. (pot experiment) 3. From above two facts, it is concluded that the application of potash at transplanting time is an important practice for the high yielding of paddy rice. 4. The application of lime seemed to stimulate later growth of paddy depressing the unnecessary increase of poor miserable tillers in early stages of growth.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

The study on interference channel is very important information theoretically and many studies have been done on it. However, even in the simplest case, even in the case of two user interfering channels, the channel capacity is not yet known except in special cases. Recently, research on the multiplexing gain that shows the tendency of the transmission rate in the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) band has been actively carried out, instead of accurately grasping the channel capacity. Obtaining optimal multiplexing gain can reveal trends in channel capacity at high signal-to-noise ratio bands. In an interfering channel with two users, the best multiplexing gain can be obtained by eliminating the interference. However, recent research shows that when the number of users is more than three, the optimal multiplexing gain can not be obtained only by zero forcing and a new technique called interference sorting is needed. There are two types of interference sorting techniques. Beamforming A method of effectively separating signals and interference by properly selecting matrices and constructing structured codes using rational numbers and irrational numbers. The interference alignment technique can achieve optimal multiplexing gain in various environments such as interference channel, X channel, compound broadcast channel, and multi hop network for multi source multi destination. In recent years, it has also been applied to distributed storage. Lee et al., "Lattice Code Interference Alignment in Cooperative Multipoint Transmission (COMP) for Interference Channels of Three Users", Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers, vol.49-TC,no.6,2012. In this paper, the DoF of delayed channel information is obtained.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

When the queue length of congestion vehicles in tunnel fire is extended beyond tunnel length, the capacity of smoke control system needs to be increased in line with ventilation resistance. However, the vehicle queue length is not defined, so a rational equation is necessary in current fire prevention guideline. This study is intended to propose an equation to calculate the queue length considering the number of vehicles in queue in tunnel fire and evaluate the applicability by tunnel length as well. When it comes to normal tunnel, it is necessary to compare the vehicle queue length with tunnel length up to the length of 1,200 m in a bid to avoid applying the vehicle queue length excessively in case of fire. As a result of evaluation of applicability to model a tunnel, saving the number of jet fan for smoke control appeared to be effective. Besides, quantitative approach to explain the vehicle queue length through the relationship between the percentage of large vehicles and tunnel length was presented. Consequently, when the queue length of the congestion vehicles exceeds the tunnel length in determining the capacity of smoke control system in case of fire, the number of vehicles beyond the tunnel length needs to be excluded from estimating the ventilation resistance by vehicles.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 1986

This study is directed to propose a probability based LRFD design code, which could possibly replace the traditional USD provisions of the current code, based on the AFOSM reliability theory. The uncertainties of resistances and load effects for each R.C. structural elements are evaluated and adopted considering our practice, and a set of rational target reliability indices are selected based on the calibration with the reliability of the current R.C. design code and by considering the desired hierarchy of safety level. Then, a set of common load factors are chosen from the results of load and resistance factors which are computed by AFOSM method using the Rackwitz-Fiessler's efficient practical algorithm which is to transform the non-normal variables into the equivalent normal variables. It may be asserted that the proposed LRFD code for the R.C. building structures may have to be incorporated into the current RC. design codes as a design provision corresponding to the USD provisions of the current R.C. design code.