• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.397-406
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• 2012

Contributed acceptance system is causing problems with the usefulness and follow-up services and the like, other than the origin purpose which needs to be operated as rational adjustment method between the public interest and the private. Accordingly, this study has examine the problems by analyzing the present condition of practical public facilities and has the purpose on drawing the improvements by conducting consciousness survey from in substance users. The problems drawn from the analysis and the survey are location and position of the public facilities by reason of making public facilities at leftover land, the awareness and use as in-site facilities, creating street facilities without considering the use and safety of the users, follow-up service issues and the usefulness issues by creation without considering the surrounding conditions. The proposal of improvements for efficient operation by each problems are devising plans by considering location and position of the facilities for utilization and usefulness, secondly the necessity of the public relations for the improvements of the utilization of public facilities. thirdly, conducting the legal obligation by installing direction boards for its awareness of public facilities and delegating operation of facilities to public corporations such as SH, LH and inhabitants for efficient follow-up services, lastly, establishing the public facility map service which could figure out the surrounding conditions of public facilities to utilize for the contributed acceptance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2008

Since 1960, minimalism has been one of the fashion phenomenon and turned out in many different ways. After postmodernism which contains negotiation and pluralism, appeared in 1980, there was a new wave of post minimalism that inherited 1960's minimalism. Minimal style which come out of 60's fashion, is marked by simplicity, minimal expression, and monochrome color, and it shows up simple style with no decoration. It opened up a young fashion period, and we saw minimal style in sports wear which utilized simplicity and function with spread of sports in the 70's. And also since 1980, Post-Modern widely influenced the idea about modern culture as well as complicated clothes getting rid of fixed concept, seeking to break the boundary between culture and life which were seek in fashion and personality as well as various characteristic, Accordingly in different ages, The style and image were borrowed from different culture and natural environment mixing the image, cultural phenomena like these appearing in complexity and expression, variety and possibility of new vision was expanded. Since 1980, Fashion has become more gradually diversity, high classed, required of each individuality. The phenomenon of fashion reappearance which was influenced by minimalism is continued to 2000. The Oriental style fashion is still attracted, so The new term "Ethic Minimalism" has appeared along with the trends which is put together. Therefore the purpose of this study is to search the concept and the characteristics of ethnic minimalism, to consider the relationship between minimalism and ethnic minimalism, and reveal the characteristic of ethnic minimalism happened to modern fashion. The study method went through literature research and practice research. The range of this study is oriental fashion spanning of from 1960 to current day. Photo records from this period show well the spirit of the oriental and the personality of minimalism. The oriental representative designer and western representative designer are centered Consequently, The formative characteristics of ethnic minimalism are simple, pure, unbalanced free style and representing the phenomena of compromise, blending oriental and western fashion. Structually, Elements of space and plane are emphasized, colors are restricted, and materials are composed mainly of natural fiber. So, minimalism based on simplicity combined with a structure of oriental spiritual depth and space, It could be called ethnic minimalism as a rational fashion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2013

The sectional methods of current design codes have been broadly used for the design of various kinds of reinforced concrete pile caps. Lately, the strut-tie model approach of current design codes also became one of the attracting methods for pile caps. However, since the sectional methods and the strut-tie model approach of current design codes have been established by considering the behaviors of structural concrete without D-regions and two-dimensional concrete structures with D-regions, respectively, it is inappropriate to apply the methods to the pile caps dominated by 3-dimensional structural behavior with disturbed stress regions. In this study, the refined 3-dimensional strut-tie models, which consider the strength characteristics of 3-dimensional concrete struts and nodal zones and the load-carrying capacity of concrete ties in tension regions, are proposed for the rational analysis and design of pile caps. To examine the validity of the proposed models and to verify the necessity of appropriate constituent elements for describing 3-dimensional structural behavior and load-transfer mechanism of pile caps, the ultimate strength of 78 reinforced concrete pile caps tested to failure was examined by the proposed models along with the sectional and strut-tie model methods of current design codes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.411-417
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• 2017

It is necessary to determine the current and future energy consumption by farm households for the rational specification of energy related policy in the Korean agricultural sector. Especially, It is important to identify the consumption by source of energy and by the crops. On the other hand, the world has tried to reduce the production of greenhouse gases and, in line with this, the Korean government established related legislations to contribute to this reduction (30% reduction in emissionsby 2020). The reduction target of the agricultural sector is specified as 5.2% of the national total. This study focuses on sampling design to determine the energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases, and suggests several alternatives to improve the confidence level and to make a dent survey and estimation errors. The population for the energy consumption survey of the agricultural sector was derived from agricultural census data. In the case of commodities with high skewness, we cut the sample range to within the statistical significant range. The number of samples in each class is specified using the Neyman allocation method and 95% significance level. The estimation results are compared with the population to verify the statistical significance and several management methods of sampling errors are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Although many studies on the Granular Compaction Pile (GCP) have been done by many researchers, the GCP design has not been systematically done due to the absence of the rational design methodology. As the GCP design has been mostly done by engineers' own experiences, some failure cases have been reported to occur. For this reason, it is very difficult to confirm definite causes of the failure and establish the prevention plans for the failure. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the optimal mixing ratio of gravel and sand, the effects of the internal friction angle of the GCP on the stress concentration ratio and the vertical and horizontal settlements. In order to analyze the behavior of the soft ground reinforced with the GCP depending on the different design parameters such as the stress concentration ratio and the internal friction angle, a number of finite element (FE) analyses were performed. From the direct shear test, the optimal mixing ratio of gravel to sand was found to be 70:30. Based on the numerical analyses, as the internal friction angle increased, the stress concentration ratio increased and it converged to a constant value. In addition, the larger the internal friction angle, the smaller the settlements. Consequently, the use of the optimal mixing ratio of gravel and sand can lead to reducing both the lateral flow and the heaving phenomenon.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

It may be meaningful that analysis of possible continuity and change of North Korea's Kim Jong-un's ruling in its third year. For this analysis, for the application more rational and statistical analysis methods, this study takes advantage of the new years' messages of Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong-un. In North Korea, the new years' messages are rare enough to give influence to every field of the North Korea's community and the New Year's message performs tutorial role throughout the whole year. The said messages of Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong-un regimes have been researched and comprehensively summarized. The summarized New Year's Message by Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un are separated, compared and analyzed by the regime by presentation method, configured information, and others followed by New Year message's characteristics and implications of each North Korean regime that have been investigated. Based on the results of this analysis of Kim Jong-un era, possibility of its continuation and change is forecasted. Above all, for possible continuation of the ruling, sticking to the governing socialist way and military-first politics are presented. For possible causes of change, such the four factors as partial opening to overcome economic problems, the North Korean nuclear issue, influx of the nature of capitalism, and Kim Jung-un's control weakness have been presented. Such the factors of possible change and continuation of the North Korea Kim Jung-un ruling are expected to work as a combination of factors. The issue of continuation and change of North Korea Kim Jong-un's control is a key point for us to solve the issues between North and South Koreas. In the situation that the whole people of South Korea have a national consensus in the effort of gathering the public opinion, it is a high time that we needed to have much flexibility to actively cope with the North Korean issues.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8776-8790
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• 2015

As a follow-up research of a qualitative study conducted by Lee(2015), this study needed to carry out a quantitative research targeting not a group of experts but of working-level staff and verify the validity of the assessment scales. As far as the study learned from an exploratory factor analysis of the preliminary research, these 12 questions that were incorrectly categorized or that presented outliers had to be removed and as a consequence, the researcher of the study was led to an outcome(75 Items) that would correspond to this factor structure which one had temporarily set up. For the next step, in order to carry out a confirmatory factor analysis, the study worked on verification on a four-stage structural equation model with each of the factors which the researcher had established applied by stage. In the end, a result to confirm how the model's goodness of fit eventually increases with the factors which the researcher had set up added was gained and lastly, another outcome to agree to the hair designers' expertise practice model which the researcher had created was obtained. In the meantime, in terms of the assessment scales which this study has discussed, the study assumes that since the scales accepted a self-rating method, it may lead not only to increase in expertise through self-reflection but also to establishment of a rational class system based on results of objective expertise measuring but not of subjective judgment by superiors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.275-291
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• 1998

Food irradiation is an emerging technology which offers many advantages such as reduction of microorganisms, extension of shelf-life of foods, reduction in the use of post-harvest chemicals, and destruction of insects and parasites. The commercial utilization of food irradiation, however, has been restricted because of the uncertainty of consumers' responses to it. Because success of food irradiation in the marketplace will depend upon their acceptability by consumers, this study focused on the consumers' perception and acceptance toward food irradiation in order to get basic data for commercial utilization of food irradiation and give information to consumers to help rational consumption behavior. The survey with 411 respondents living in Youngnam area was conducted during the spring of 1997 by the questionnaires. The results and implications from this study are as follows. First, consumers' knowledge about food irradiation is scanty. Two-thirds of respondents in the survey had not heard of irradiated foods and many people confused irradiation with radioactivity. In the willingness to accept food irradiation, one-third of respondents showed a wait-and-see attitude. This result indicated consumers had insufficient information about the irradiation process and nationwide education of food irradiation technology should be undertaken. Second, although the purchase and use of food are very important consumption behaviors, consumer education by mass communication has been rarely done. For the successful commercialization of food irradiation, the information provision by mass communication for the consumers should be made. Third, consumers generally worried about residual pesticide and intended to purchase irradiated foods if radioactivity was not retained in the foods. Therefore, food irradiation could be an alternative method to the use of pesticide Fourth, consumers pointed out that they wanted to extend shelf-life of milk and dairy foods, fish and seafood and to irradiate these foods. Therefore, research for the safety of irradiated foods should be continually conducted. finally, labeling for irradiated foods is needed to provide the information and to further increase public understanding. Especially, the labeling should show the definite reason why irradiation is being used. In conclusion, recently, under the circumstances that the commercial utilization of food irradiation and irradiation for the import and export products have been increased in many countries, many efforts are needed to improve the quality of irradiated foods, and prove the safety of them in Korea. In addition, consumer education for food irradiation should be given to help consumers to make decision for food purchase and use.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2002

Backgrounds : Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that is usually diagnosed by electrophysiologic studies. However, CTS provide limited information to determine the causes of CTS and to choose the treatment method. We evaluated diagnostic sensitivity of MR imaging and treatment decisions by MR imaging in electrodiagnosed CTS. Methods : 14 patients (26 wrists) with electrodiagnosed CTS were studied using MR imaging. In 26 wrists for which axial T1 & T2 weighted images were obtained at 1.5T with a decided wrist coil. Previously described MR imaging of CTS such as increased median nerve signal, flattening of median nerve, reticular bowing, tenosynovitis and space occupying lesions were retrospectively evaluated. Degree of improvement was evaluated by global symptom score (GSS). The GSS rated symptoms from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (severe) in each of five categories: pain, numbness, paresthesia, weakness/clumsiness, and nocturnal awakening. Subjects' GSS was recorded at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months after treatment. We decided to medical treatment that showed mainly inflammatory sign such as increased median nerve signal, tenosinovitis and to surgical treatment such as space occupying lesion, high canal pressure sign. Results : MR imaging showed that increased median nerve signal were in 20 wrists (77%), flattening of median nerve were in 6 wrists (23%), reticular bowing were in 3 wrists (12%), tenosynovitis were in 8 wrists (32%), decreased canal size in 2 wrists (7.6%), space occupying lesion were in 1 wrist (4%). A good outcome was revealed in 21 wrists by medical treatment that showed mainly increased median nerve signal, tenosynovitis. The mean GSS were 27.7 at baseline, 11.2 at 2 weeks, 11.0 at 6 months in medical treatment group. Another 5 wrist had surgical treatment shown by ganglion and high canal pressure sign such as median nerve flattening, reticular bowing, decreased canal size: 3 wrists had good prognosis, but 2 wrists (one patient) had no significant improvement due to small carpal tunnel size. Conclusions : Our results are in agreement with most previously described MR imaging signs of CTS. MR imaging plays an important role in several cases and especially in the assessment of failure of surgical treatment. Knowledge of MR findings may permit more rational choice of treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.586-593
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to develop an algorithm for predicting sediment discharge by debris flow, and develop GIS-based decision support system for optimal arrangement of check dam. Method: The average stream width and flow length were used to predict the cumulative sediment discharge by debris flow. At this time, the amount of slope failure on source area and average flow length were utilized as input factors. Result: The predicted sediment discharge calculated through the algorithm was 1.1 times different on average compared to the actual sediment discharge by debris flow. In addition, the program is an objective indicator that selects the location and size of the check dam, and it can help practitioners make rational decisions. Conclusion: The soil erosion control works are being implemented every year. Therefore, it is expected that the GIS-based decision support system for location and size of the check dam will contribute to the prevention of sediment-related disasters.