• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.708-712
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• 1998

One hundred and eighty, 1-day old broiler chicks, randomly divided into 15 replicates of 10 brids each were employed to six treatment rations (A, B, C, D, E and F). Rapeseed meal (RSM) with or without treatment was incorporated in the rations at 20 percent level in lieu of soybean meal. The birds in group A were fed soybean based ration and those in group B, C, D, E and F were given ration containing untreated, solvent extracted, water treated, autoclaved and ferrous sulphate treated RSM, respectively. Presence of RSM in the rations whether untreated or treated, significantly reduced weight gain and feed consumption of the birds compared with those of control group but efficiency of feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups remained unaffected. The size of thyroid galnds of the broilers using the meal was significantly larger than those having ration without RSM. The only exception was that the birds having solvent extracted meal had similar thyroid gland relative weight as those of control group indicating reduced antinutritional effect of isothiocyanates content due to solvent extraction of the meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1992

Feeding of bypass protein to lactating animals have been suggested by many research scientists as a way to increase the nutrient supply at the intestinal level thereby enhance animal production in ruminant animals. A feeding trial with a formulated bypass protein feed on straw based ration was carried out by using lactating cross bred cows at the stage of 4th month of their lactation. Bypass protein feed was fed at 5 different levels. Urea Molasses Block was used as a nitrogen source to the rumen microflora. In order to reduce the heat increment straw intake was restricted to all the animals. Urea Molasses Block intake was noticed varying in proportion with the bypass protein feed intake. Milk production was observed increasing in accordance with the level of bypass protein feed intake. However, the maximum response was noticed in cows that were fed 3 kg bypass protein feed. The nutrient availability at this stage was below the NRC (1988) requirements. Other remarkable finding was that the cows maintained the persistency of milk production even after 3rd month of lactation when the ambient temperature was $40^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.296-304
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• 1998

The effects of common Korean dietary fiber-rich foods(dried sea mustard, Lentinus edodes and Korean radish leaves) on total gut transit time of diet, serum cholesterol level and mineral apparent absorption ration and tissue level were investigated. Twenty eight male were divided into 4 groups and were fed a control diet(containing 2% cellulose) and three fiber supplementary diet mixed with 10% of the above dietary fiber rich foods for 4 weeks, respectively. Body weight gain and food efficiency ration were not affected by the supplementary diet of fiber but the total gut transit time of diet was shortened in all dietary fiber groups. The Lentinus edodes reduced significantly serum total cholesterol and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio at 4th week without and effect on calcium and iron apparent absorptions and tissue levels of the minerals. Radish leaves decreased significantly iron apparent absorption ration with a tendency to increase iron retention in spleen and did not alter serum cholesterol level. Serum cholesterol concentration and calcium and iron apparent absorptions were not significantly altered by the ingestion of sea mustard, while it had more soluble dietary fiber than mushroom and radish leaves.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2013

This is study on the glazing performance of the apartment house to predict energy saving rate when the early design stage by calculating heating load. there are various factors of the window type in apartment building to save energy such as window's U-value, SC or SHGC, window wall ration, frame factor, sunshade coefficient and so on. In this study, we analyzed the heating load focused on the U-value, SC and window wall ration using variable heating degree days method for a small and middle size units $59m^2$, $84m^2$, respectively. Each cases were calculated heating load of the real models compared to standard model to predict energy saving rate. From those cases it was drew the conclusion that were window's U-value, SC and window wall ration for the small and middle size units to expect 10% energy saving rate at least.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2019

Fermented total mixed ration (TMR) is a novel feed for ruminants in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the quality of TMR and in vitro ruminal fermentation. Strains of three LAB spp. (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. mucosae) were used in fermentation of TMR. Inoculations with the three LAB spp. lowered pH and increased concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, and total organic acid compared to non-LAB inoculated control (only addition of an equivalent amount of water) (p<0.05). Bacterial composition indicated that aerobic bacteria and LAB were higher. However, E. coli were lower in the fermented TMR than those in the control treatment (p<0.05). Among the treatments, L. brevis treatment had the highest concentration of total organic acid without fungus detection. Gas production, pH, and ammonia-nitrogen during ruminal in vitro incubation did not differ throughout incubation. However, ruminal total VFA concentration was higher (p<0.05) in the LAB spp. treatments than the control treatment at 48 hours. Overall, the use of L. brevis as an inoculant for fermentation of high moisture. TMR could inhibit fungi growth and promote lactic fermentation, and enhance digestion in the rumen.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2_spc호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.2028-2034
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• 2013

제올라이트를 사료에 0~2.0% 첨가하여 3개월 동안 비육돈 84두를 사양하여 조리 전후의 돼지고기 품질 특성을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지고기 등심 생육의 pH 측정 결과, 대조구와 제올라이트 2.0% 급여구가 5.95로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 가열감량은 제올라이트 0.5%, 1.0% 급여구가 각각 26.24%, 26.42%로 높게 나타났다. 조리 시 용출되는 지방량을 측정한 결과에서는 제올라이트 1.0% 급여구가 3.11%로 가장 높았으며 대조구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 돼지고기 등심 생육의 L값과 a값은 제올라이트 1.0% 급여구가 가장 높았고, b값은 제올라이트 2.0% 급여구가 가장 높았다. 구운 돼지고기 등심의 색도를 측정한 결과, L값은 대조구가 75.49로 가장 높았고, 제올라이트 급여량이 증가할수록 L값은 낮아졌다. a값과 b값은 제올라이트 0.5% 급여구가 가장 높았다. 굽기 전후 돼지고기 등심의 경도, 탄력성, 점착성 및 씹힘성은 제올라이트 2.0% 급여구가 가장 높았고 제올라이트 급여량이 많을수록 높게 나타났으며, 시료 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 구운 돼지고기의 등심 부위 관능검사 결과, 색에 대한 선호도는 제올라이트 급여량이 많을수록색에 대한 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 맛에 대한 선호도는 제올라이트 1.0% 급여구가 10.70으로 가장 높았고, 2.0% 급여구, 0.5% 급여구, 대조구 순으로 높게 나타났다. 향미와 외형에 대한 선호도는 시료 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 질감에 대한 선호도는 제올라이트 급여량이 많을수록 질감에 대한 선호도는 낮게 나타났다. 전체적인 선호도는 제올라이트 1.0% 급여구가 10.80으로 가장 높았고, 0.5% 급여구, 대조구, 2.0% 급여구의 순으로 높게 나타나 구이용으로 많이 활용하는 돼지고기 등심부위는 제올라이트를 0.5~1.0% 정도로 급여하는 것이 적당하다고 생각된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1998

This paper presents the prediction of dynamic recrystallization behavior during hot forging of Inconel 718. Another experiment of pancake forging was also carried out to examine the recrystallization ration dynamically recrystallizaed grain size, and grain growth in the forging. In experiments cylindrical billets were forged by two operations with variations of forging temperature, reduction ration of deformation. and preheating process at each forging step. Also the finite element program, developed here for the prediction using the metallurgical models was used for the analysis of to Inconel 718 upsetting and the results were compared with experimental ones.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2001

This study describes the combustion characteristics under various condition of air excess ratio and ignition timing in a 2-valve gasoline optically accessible engine with swirl control valve(SCV). It adapted three different types of SCA(open ration 72.5%, 78%, 89%) to strengthen a swirl flow. Pressure data were acquired using pressure sensor to investigate the effect of swirl flow on combustion, and from these pressure data, IMEP(indicated mean effective pressure) and MFB(mass fraction burnt)were calculated to explain burn rate and flame speed. From acquired flame images, inspected the flame propagation direction, flame area, and flame centroid, Flame propagation direction was shown different tendency between with/without SCV, and flame area with SCV was faster and larger than that of conventional engine. Finally, the representative flame image at each crank angle were acquired by PDF method to verify flame growth process. It is found that strengthened swirl flow is more beneficial for faster and stable combustion.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.475-478
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• 2008

The 3 ton/day-scale pilot plant consists of waste press, feed channel, fixed bed type gasification & melting furnace, quench scrubber, syngas refinery facility and flare stack. $H_2$/CO ratio of gasification syngas using the solid waste and sludge in the 3 ton/day gasifier showed about 1. Gasification melting furnace was operated $1,300{\sim}1,600^{\circ}C$. $H_2$/CO ration control system was obtained $H_2$/CO ratio 2 and 3.