• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 1996

To assess premenstrual changes in adolescents, a self rating retrospective premenstrual assessment from(PAF) and a prospective daily rating form(DRF) were administered to 230 high school students who reported premenstrual changes. The results were as follows 1) According to typological categories of retrospective premenstrual assessment form, the most commonly reported changes in mood and behavior were major depressive syndrome(40.0%), impulsive syndrome(20.9%). Especially among the subtype of depressive syndrome, hostility feature and withdrawal feature were most frequent. The most commonly reported changes in physical condition were general discomfort(73.5%), fatigue(33.9%). 50.9% of all subjects reported impaired social function. 2) 41.2% of the subjects who met the criteria for typological categories of retrospective premenstrual assessment form were confirmed by prospective daily rating form. 3) According to different criteria of percent change method of assessing symptom change, 38.7% of all subjects had at least one mild premenstrual change and 23.5% had at least one moderate premenstrual change. 4) Using prospective daily rating form, overall psychological changes were confirmed more frequently than physical changes. Of the mild premenstrual changes, 'low energy, tired & weak', 'less or impaired work' were most common changes. Of the moderate premenstrual changes, the most common change was 'low energy, tired & weak'. 5) As attitude toward menstruation, 44.9% of the subjects with confirmed premenstrual changes had more negative attitude(disgusted) toward menstruation. 6) The subjects with confirmed mild or moderate premenstrual changes had only dysphoric mood changes or both physical and dysphoric mood changes, but did not have only physical changes. These results suggest that retrospective reports of premenstrual changes were partially confirmed by daily prospective ratings. A substantial number of adolescents appeared to experience premenstrual changes, and the most common confimed premenstrual change of mild or moderate severity was 'low energy, tired and weak'.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2001

The rating instrument to evaluate the quality of nutrition information websites was developed and ten websites which were maintained by nutrition expert(s) and frequently linked to other related sites were evaluated. The rating instrument with 15 questions on credibility, content, purpose, and design was developed. Eleven college students majoring in Food and Nutrition rated each question as 'Yes', 'No', 'Cannot tell' while visiting each site. The questions rated most often as 'Yes' were 'Is it capable for a user to interact with a responsible person for the site?', 'Is the information provided by nutrition expert?', 'Does the information fit in with dietary guideline?' in the order. The questions rated most often as 'No' were 'Is the source of the information indicated?', 'Is the purpose of the site stated?', and 'Is an internal search engine working?', indicating these categories need betterment. The questions rated most often as 'Cannot tell' were 'Is the information current?', 'Is the information provider credible?', indicating that these may be difficult questions for college students to evaluate. Individuals or institutions who are providing nutrition information on the internet now or plan to provide later are expected to consider the problems pointed out in this study, and offer highly qualified information to the users in an effective way. Various rating instruments to evaluate the quality of nutrition information websites can be developed based on a variety of criteria. It is, however, to be desired that a standardized rating instrument would be developed by a leading group of nutrition experts, and the results of site review with the instrument be open to the public in order to improve the quality of Korean nutrition information on the internet.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1013-1020
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• 2018

급속한 산업화와 인구증가에 따라 많은 사람들이 도시에서 살기 위해 이동하고 있다. 이러한 도시화는 건설 및 개발 활동에 따라 도심지내 불투수성 면적을 증가시키며, 이로 인해 지하수위가 낮아지고 유역내 첨두홍수량이 커지며 토양유실이 증가한다. 토양과 수자원을 보전하기 위해서 전세계적으로 유역 관리 사업이 시행되고 있다. 따라서 토양 및 수자원의 보전기술을 활용하여 전체 유역에 대하여 평가하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 한국, 대만 및 필리핀의 녹색건물인증제도(GBRS)의 물관리 관련 항목에 대하여 논의하였다. 또한 G-SEED(한국), BERDE(필리핀), EEWH(대만)의 용수관리 기술의 평가기준을 적용하고 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 포괄적인 유역평가 시스템 개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 정량적인 유역평가기준은 미래의 수자원 관련 잠재적 위험도를 파악하고 보다 효율적이고 효과적으로 대응할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Objectives : To assess and compare the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of depression in Cancer patient's Home Caregivers. Methods : Total 60 cases in Cancer patient's Home Caregivers, who fulfilled the study's eligibility criteria, were recruited and observed(N=40). The individuals were assigned into two groups, the Acupuncture group(N=20) and Control group(N=20). Changes in their Hamilton Depression rating Scale indices, were statistically compared before and after treatment in order to investigate the effectiveness of treatment. Results : 70% Home Caregivers were female and 30% were male, half of the Home Caregivers was patient's spouse or partner and employee. After 6 weeks, Acupuncture group seems to show reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. On the other hand after 8 weeks Control group do not show reduction in the Hamilton Depression rating Scale. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment may provide short-term relief of depressive symptoms in Home Caregivers for Cancer patients. Findings from this non-randomized trial should be interpreted with caution.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2002

Rating scales for environmental noise are varied in their calculation procedure. Among them WECPNL (weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level) is the rating scale for aircraft noise currently being used in domestic and applied only for aircraft noise. However $L_{dn}$ calculated from $L_{eq}$ $L_{eq}$ is used as a rating scale for not only aircraft noise but also environmental noise. Besides, it is easy to calculate and internationally preferred. It is, therefore, not adequate for the evaluation of residents' exposure. Moreover it is very difficult to measure the aircraft noise by WECPNL due to the complicated calculating procedures if automatic measuring system is not used. Accordingly. this study aims to propose alternative evaluation procedure for the aircraft noise. To achieve this purpose, the data measured by automatic measuring system were gathered and calculated with three evaluation procedures : WECPNL $L_{eq}$ and $L_{dn}$, and the results calculated from different methods were compared and analyzed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1998

This study, a sub-one of comprehensive research works titled under "Rural Resources Evaluation System", tried to propose a rational methodology for development of rating tabulation on evaluation items. Firstly, the database system for handling of original/processed data of each evaluation items was constructed, being mainly focussed on the possibilities of data acquisition and statistical treatment. The rating tabulation system developed in the study has the formalized evaluation classes as 2 or 5 for convenience/simplification of analysis works. For each evaluation item in lower step of the goal system, 5 types of rating technique were arranged, which were based on statistical analysis using mean and standard deviation values(Type I), its existence or not(Type II), relative significance of its holding volume(Type III), synthesized weighting scale of its quality and quantity(Type IV), and the others(Type V). And, standardized 4-steps procedure for rating tabulation was proposed. Finally, the rating tabulation system developed in the study was applied to each evaluation item of goal system, from which the numerically-valued ranking criteria was obtained.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.218-230
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the noise level on the boarding environment in a stern trawl ship, KAYA(GT: 1,737 tons, Pukyong National University). We measured the noise level at a working, an accommodation and a teaching area, and an engine space on January 9, 2010 while the KAYA was sailing on a liner sea route. At the working area, the ranges of the noise rating number(NRN) and the NRN determination frequency(FNRN) were from 44 to 73 and from 1000 to 2000Hz, respectively. The results were generally satisfied the criteria of the International Maritime Organization(IMO). The noise level at the area, except the radio room(w2), was exceeded the criteria(50dB(A)) for the efficient studying and working. The noise level at the engine control room and the machine workshop was respectively exceeded 1.2dB and 9.5dB than the criteria caused the conversation disturbance (70dB(A)). At the accommodation, NRN and FNRN were from 49 to 54 and from 1000 to 4000Hz, respectively. The noise level was below the criteria of IMO, but above 40dB(A) caused the sleep disturbance. At the teaching area, NRN and FNRN were from 44 to 63 and from 500 to 2000Hz, respectively. The noise level was exceeded than the criteria(50dB(A)) for the efficient studying. At the engine space, NRN and FNRN were from 95 to 100 and from 2000 to 4000Hz, respectively. The noise level was above the criteria of IMO(90dB(A)) for the residence, while it was not exceeded 110dB(A) for the transient.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.663-673
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the appropriate evaluation method for the water supply and drain noise of bathroom in apartment and to propose some fundamental idea on its regulation. For this reason, it was studied the acoustical characteristics of water supply and drain noise as modifying the water supply pressure for the washbasins and toilet stools and suggested the optimum evaluation method through psychoacoustic test. As a result of investigation of the levels by evaluating the adjectives and noise sources with 7-step criteria corresponding to each level of plumbing noises and analysis of the correlation between physical evaluation values by comparing the criteria, dB(A), N, and NC, with subject's response, determination coefficient($R^2$) was shown to be relatively fair or higher ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. It is shown that 'Harsh', 'Nervous', 'Unpleasant', 'Distasteful', and 'Repellent' as a second factor are to be appropriate to evaluate plumbing noise. Above these results could be used in basic data establishing KS(Korean Standard) for evaluation and rating procedure and measures reducing these noise.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2012

This study reports the effect of acupotomy for patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS). We treated three patients diagnosed with LSS using acupotomy. We measured the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) scores and Odom's criteria before and after treatment to assess improvements in symptoms and functions. In all patients, NRS, ODI scores and Odom's criteria were improved. We found a beneficial effect with acupotomy for three patients diagnosed with LSS. Thus, these data suggest LSS may be treated successfully with acupotomy.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

The improvements of G-SEED standards was studies in this research by comparing the composition, rating scores, and standards, including categories, issues and criteria of BREEAM in the UK. In this research, it was found that both certification systems had very similar composition and rating system, however, there was slight difference in the points of emphasizing the standards due to the differences in social awareness of green buildings in each country. As a result of the detailed comparison of both standards, in addition, it was found that almost half of criteria had different evaluation approaches such as evaluation methods and scopes between both standards even though they had same evaluation objectives; some of the differences were due to the social or cultural differences between the countries, and the others were not. Through the research, we were able to derive some criteria that need for improvements of G-SEED considering the domestic conditions in Korea.