• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2015

행정구역상 읍/면/동 단위의 소지역 (small area)별로 질병위험의 차이에 대한 분석을 위해, 2005년 기준 서울 행정동을 기준으로 2005년부터 2008년까지 질병, 사고, 암 사망자료에 대한 표준화 사망률 (SMR; standardized mortality rate)을 고려하였다. 소지역 단위로 질병사망률을 직접 추정하는 것은 소지역 내 표본수가 작아, 개발 소지역 단위에서의 직접 계산된 SMR은 그 추정치의 정도 (precision) 확보가 어려운 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 각 소지역간 효과 추정을 위해 공간적 상관성 (spatial correlation)을 가지는 다단계 일반화 선형모형 (HGLM; hierarchical generalized linear models)을 고려하였다. 이를 통해, 서울지역 동별 주요 사망원인에 따른 공변량의 효과 및 추정된 SMR을 근거로 질병지도 결과를 제시하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the importance of implementing strategic management that prioritizes the safety of frontline nurse professionals. In this sense, this research was aimed at identifying factors associated with the illness of nursing professionals caused by COVID-19 according to socio-demographic, clinical, and labor variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Brazilian university hospitals with 859 nursing professionals, which include nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants, between November 2020 and February 2021. We present data using absolute and relative frequency. We used Chi-square test for hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression for predictive analysis and chances of occurrence. Results: The rate of nursing professionals affected by COVID-19 was 41.8%, and the factors associated with contamination were the number of people in the same household with COVID-19 and obesity. Being a nurse was a protective factor when the entire nursing team was considered. The model is significant, and its variables represent 56.61% of the occurrence of COVID-19 in nursing professionals. Conclusion: Obesity and living in the same household as other people affected by COVID-19 increases the risk of contamination by this new coronavirus.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2023

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological results for the association between occupational exposure as a firefighter and cancer as part of the broader evidence synthesis work of the IARC Monographs program. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies of firefighters followed for cancer incidence and mortality. Studies were evaluated for the influence of key biases on results. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the association between ever-employment and duration of employment as a firefighter and risk of 12 selected cancers. The impact of bias was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results: Among the 16 included cancer incidence studies, the estimated meta-rate ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity statistic (I²) for ever-employment as a career firefighter compared mostly to general populations were 1.58 (1.14-2.20, 8%) for mesothelioma, 1.16 (1.08-1.26, 0%) for bladder cancer, 1.21 (1.12-1.32, 81%) for prostate cancer, 1.37 (1.03-1.82, 56%) for testicular cancer, 1.19 (1.07-1.32, 37%) for colon cancer, 1.36 (1.15-1.62, 83%) for melanoma, 1.12 (1.01-1.25, 0%) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1.28 (1.02-1.61, 40%) for thyroid cancer, and 1.09 (0.92-1.29, 55%) for kidney cancer. Ever-employment as a firefighter was not positively associated with lung, nervous system, or stomach cancer. Results for mesothelioma and bladder cancer exhibited low heterogeneity and were largely robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: There is epidemiological evidence to support a causal relationship between occupational exposure as a firefighter and certain cancers. Challenges persist in the body of evidence related to the quality of exposure assessment, confounding, and medical surveillance bias.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2011

널리 사용되고 있는 제초제인 파라콰트가 수중이나 토양을 통해 인체에 노출될 가능성이 있음을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 수중에서 자외선에 의한 파라콰트의 분해 여부를 측정하였고, 토양에 파라콰트 살포 후 인공강우조건을 만들어 파라콰트의 침출 여부를 파악하였다. 또한, 용존산소량에 따라 등급이 다른 세가지 하천수에서 파라콰트의 자외선에 의한 분해양상을 조사하였다. HPLC/UVD를 이용한 토양과 수중에서 파라콰트의 용출 및 분해양상을 살펴본 결과 수중에서 자외선에 의한 파라콰트의 분해는 일어나지 않았고, 토양에서 파라콰트 살포 후, 파라콰트 용출 여부를 한 달간 살펴보았는데 용출은 되지 않았다. 그리고 하천수의 수질에 따른 파라콰트의 자외선에 의한 영향 또한 변화가 없었다. 분석방법에 대한 검출한계는 1.57 ${\mu}g$/L로 검출한계가 낮았다. 그리고 분석의 정밀도 및 정확도를 본 결과 3개의 다른 농도에서 6 % 이내의 정밀도와 약 88 % 이상의 정확도를 갖고 있어서 분석방법이 우수하였다. 토양에 살포된 파라콰트가 강수 등에 의해서 다시 용출될 가능성은 매우 낮다. 그러나 어떠한 경로이던 수계로 들어간 파라콰트는 오랫동안 잔류되어 인체에 노출될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 실험실에서 진행된 것으로 실제 환경매체를 이용한 실증적인 연구와 이를 통한 역학적 연구가 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to compare the general characteristics, life-style, health examination results, and sick leave days by airmen medical examination decision and to investigate factors affecting sick leave days. Methods: We obtained data from 2,361 Korean pilots who worked for a commercial airline. Comparison of the results by airmen medical examination decision (Fit or waver) was conducted using the 𝝌² test or Fisher's exact test. Factors affecting sick leave days were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Age, smoking history, blood pressure, obesity, and fasting blood sugar level were significantly different between the Fit and Waver groups. Rate of using sick leave long-term was higher in the Waver than in the Fit. Sick leave days were significantly associated with age, habits of drinking, and smoking in the Fit group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the health risk factors that affect the number of sick leave days. By providing basic data for the health care of workers, it is expected to be applicable to the provision of health promotion and disease prevention programs for workers.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the annual trends and characteristics of work-related mental disorders including suicide among Korean workers. Methods: Employing the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) data collected by the Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service, we analyzed total work-related mental disorders and suicide cases (n=455) claimed to IACI from 2008 to 2012. We paid a special attention to workers' socioeconomic status and occupational characteristics. Results: The number of injured workers and industrial accident rate decreased during the study period, whereas the case of work-related mental disorders showed significant increase. Mental disorders cases were more prevalent in workers who were male, aged the 40s, and engaged in finance, as well as with 1-5 years of working duration than their respective counterparts. Increasing trend of suicide cases was statistically significant by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test (p=.002). Conclusion: This study suggests that work-related mental disorder management strategy and system should be established.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2023

Background: Depressive symptoms (DS) can erode physical and mental health; social support (SS) is considered a buffer for DS and a promoter for improving coping and recovery abilities. However, there is almost no research on the mediating role of negative coping (NC) in SS and DS, especially among firefighters. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among firefighters in Chongqing, China, and the valid data of 407 firefighters were collected through questionnaires distributed on the WeChat platform in 2020. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 26.0 is used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the association among SS, NC, and DS. The mediation effect is also evaluated. Results: Firefighters' detection rate of DS is 23.3%, and when they receive more SS were less likely to develop DS. NC was positively correlated with DS (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) after controlling for SS. Besides, the results of structural equation modeling showed that NC partially mediates the relationship between SS and DS (standard error = 0.039, indirect effects = 0.109, 95% confidence interval: 0.047-0.200 p < 0.001). Conclusion: NC has a partial indirect effect between SS and DS among firefighters. SS could not only affect DS directly but also indirect work on it by affecting NC. This discovery will be a novel and meaningful part of the research on the firefighter population.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.161-181
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• 2011

In spite of the development of scientific and medical technology, the rate of prevalence and death of the chronic disease gets higher. Therefore people come to know prevention is more important than treatment in disease. In Western, it is nearly after 1970's when it is revealed that the major factor of chronic disease comes from habitual behaviors in everyday life. But that is common idea in Oriental Medicine since thousand years. In Oriental Medicine, the main cause of disease is composed of natural factor including climate condition, living-life factor, psycho-social factor, constitutional factor, inbody-pathologic-substance factor, and other factors including habits of using drug and medical service, injury, environmental pollutions, and occupational etiologic factors. Among these, the major factors of disease in modern society are lifestyle factors like the tendency of choosing and intaking food, the level of physical activity and labor, smoking and drinking alcohol, psychological tendency, the habits of using drug and medical service and so on. This is a practical aspect of oriental medicine where the most important etiologic factor comes from human behaviors, not from external factors like germ or virus. So that etiology in Oriental Medicine where improvement in the way of life is needed to prevent disease would play an important role in modern society.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to compare consciousness of doctors on cooperative practices of western medicine and traditional Korean medicine, and to provide policy implication for development of cooperative practices. Methods : The structured questionnaires were mailed to 132 doctors working in non-cooperative practicing university hospital and 77 doctors working in cooperative practicing hospitals in Busan metropolitan city. The response rate was 40.2% and 40.3% respectively. This survey was performed from 10 Oct. 2008 to 31 Oct. 2008. Results : The doctors working in general hospital had comparatively negative consciousness on basic concept, value and necessity for cooperative practices and traditional Korean medicine. In regards with disease treatment's effectiveness of cooperative practices, both groups evaluated musculoskeletal and immune disease were more effective than others. There were positive relationships between perception for cost-effectiveness and consciousness on intention to participate cooperative practices(p<0.05). Also doctors who experienced traditional medicine treatment had positive consciousness on cooperative practices(p=0.05). Conclusions : To activate cooperative practices of western medicine and traditional Korean medicine, some efforts should be carried out. These include promoting cooperative education programs in medical schools and traditional Korean medical schools, doing research on cost-effectiveness of cooperative practices, and trying to minimize legal and systemic restrictions for cooperative practices.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to survey the extent of pain and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system among visiting housekeepers, above all concerning neck, shoulder, back, wrist, knee, and arm pain and to find possible relations between symptoms and various working conditions. Method: A questionnaire was answered by 174 woman visiting housekeepers living in Kyeonggi-do and Seoul from December 1, 2003 to February 30, 2004. The symptoms of musculoskeletal system were coded by the pain index which illustrates the extent of the symptoms, and analyzed in view of NIOSH guideline and Kim, et. al.'s notion. Result: 1. As to the complaint rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms by body region, the figure was the highest for shoulder with 78.2%, followed by back with 66.7%, knee 53.6%, neck 56.3%, wrist 40.2%, and arm 29.2%, respectively. The logistic analysis showed shoulder pain and arm pain have no relation with working and health conditions, and back pain was significantly related to current health condition. In same way, knee pain and wrist pain were found to be mainly related to marital status. 2. Following the NIOSH guideline, the positive rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms was found out in following order: shoulder 69.5%, back 59.2%, knee 54%, neck 46%, wrist 32.8%, and arm 25.3%. To investigate the main cause of each disease, the symptoms were classified by pain index, where the value of more than 3 comes to the NIOSH case, and analyzed in term of complaint rate using discrete logistical method : shoulder pain was highly related to the housekeeping time after work, back pain was to current health condition and the heavy weight carrying and neck, wrist, arm pain were commonly related to the ordinary health condition. For knee pain, working speed was a main cause. 3. In view of Kim et. al.'s standard, where the pain index is over 7, the positive rate was showed in order slightly different from previous analyses : shoulder 33.3%. knee 29.9%, back 28.2%, neck 17.2%, wrist 17.2%, and 16.7%. From the logistical analysis, insufficient rest was shown as the main cause of shoulder, back, arm and wrist pain. For neck pain, ordinary health condition was mainly related. In case of knee pain, any apparent relation is not found. Conclusion: According to the logistic regression analysis of musculoskeletal system, there was strong suggestion that the less insufficient physical rest, the more significant disorder complaint. This means that the most musculoskeletal symptom among the visiting housekeepers can be prevented and cured by sufficient physical resting.