• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1061-1066
• /
• 2003

The fruit of Actinidia polygama (AP) has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea for treating pain, rheumatic arthritis and inflammation. The present investigation was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AP using several animal models of inflammation. The 70% ethanol extract of the fruit of AP significantly inhibited acetic acidinduced, vascular permeability in a dose dependent manner (23%, 38%, and 41 % inhibition at doses of 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively). This effect was maintained in AP water-soluble fraction (APW). The APW fraction also showed significant inhibitory activity against the rat paw edema induced by a single treatment of carrageenan. In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the inhibitory activities of APW (100 $\mu$ g/ml) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production. The results showed that APW dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages without a notable cytotoxic effect and also decreased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression. APW also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced $PGE_2$ production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.755-760
• /
• 2013

The present study is synthesis of derivatives of N'-(4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)-2-(1H-benzimidazole-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazide (IV). Antibacterial activity tested against the E. coli and A. Substilis. Biological activities conducted by disc diffusion method. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_3$, $2MB_5$ inhibit the appreciable microbial growth while rest of the compound possess the moderate activities. Anti-inflammatory activity tested by reduces local edema induced in the rat paw by injection of phlogestic agent. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_8$, $2MB_5$, $2MB_3$ and $2MB_6$ exhibit satisfying anti-inflammatory activity while analgesic activity conducted by acetic acid induced writhing effect in mice while compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_4$ and $2MB_7$ having the good analgesic activity. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, $^1H$ NMR and mass spectral data.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2016

Culinary mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius has been popular in Asian countries. In this study, the anti-oxidant, cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities of methanol extract (ME) of fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius were evaluted. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy free radical scavenging activity of ME at 2.0 mg/mL was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, the standard reference. The ME exhibited significantly higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene. ME showed slightly lower but moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase than galantamine, a standard AChE inhibitor. It also exhibited protective effect against cytotoxicity to PC-12 cells induced by glutamate ($10{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$), inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the ME of P. pulmonarius contained at least 10 phenolic compounds and some of them were identified by the comparison with known standard phenolics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius possess antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1982

In order to investigate the effect of 'Whangryonhaedok-Tang' on the anti-inflammatory, ileum of mice, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol and antibacterial activity, those pharmacological actions were conducted. The results of this studies were summarized as follows; Rat hind paw edema induced by acetic acid was inhibited. In mice, tone of intestinal smooth muscle was suppressed with the treatment of sample and intestinal contractions induced by $BaCl_2$ was inhibited. Hypertensive effect was not observed in rabbits but was observed by the water extract of 'Whangryonhaedok-Tang' excluded Phellodendri Cortex in rabbits. The increased blood glucose levels in alloxandiabetic rabbits were significantly decreased by the oral administration of the sample I after 6 days. The total cholesterol levels in alloxan-induced rabbits were significantly decreased by the oral administration of the sample I after 9 days. Antibacterial activity was observed. In addition, we thought the pharmacological actions were significantly noted by the sample III (Methanol soluble fraction) because of the purification of effective components.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 1994

Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory actions of the water extract from Cimicifuga heracleifolia were evaluated in mice and rats. Several criteria were employed to assess the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory actions of Cimicifuga heracleifolia, such as hyaluronidase activity, mediators-induced vascular permeability changes, 48 hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) histamine release from mast cells, and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. To further characterize the active components, the water extract was either extracted with organic solvent or fractionated according to molecular weight, and each fraction was tested for some of anti-allergic parameters. Hyaluronidase activities, both in activating and in activated states, were significantly inhibited by the water extract of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and by some of its subfractions, molecular weight less than 1,000. The water extracts (50~400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited 48 hr homologous PCA and vascular permeability changes induced by chemical mediators (histamine, serotonin, and leukotriene $C_4$) in mice. In the case of histamine-induced vascular permeability changes, more extensive studies were conducted; water extract was either fractionated according to molecular weight or extracted with butanol. Anti-histamine actions were observed only from the water layer, and these active components were of the molecular weight less than 1,000. These anti-allergic actions were observed mainly from mice than from rats. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory actions of the water extract from Cimicifuga heracleifolia were significant in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 1983

By tracing albumin stabilizing activity an anti-inflammatory component, continentalic acid was isolated from ether-soluble acidic fraction of Aralia continentalis. Continenetalic acid in a concentration of 0.115mg/3ml gave 50% inhibition for heat denaturation of albumin. The protein stabilizing potency of it was approximately three and eleven times that of phenylbutazone and that of salicylic acid, respectively. The anti-inflammatory actions of it and its methylester were investigated employing carrageenin-induced edema in rat paw. Continentalic acid administered s. c. showed an activity of about three times of hydrocortisone. When administered p. o., it was still active, but its methylester was more active than phenylbutazone, suggesting the poor absorption of it in gastorointestinal tract. Its chemical structure was identified by chemical and spectral studies as (-) pimara 8(14), 15-diene-19-oic acid, which was already isolated from A. dordata, but not reported for its biological activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2010

To establish the anti-inflammatory activity of the total flavonoid fraction of the root barks of Broussonetia papyrifera (EBP) and a new formula, the ethanol extract of the root barks of B. papyrifera was fractionated with ethylacetate, yielding the hydrophobic prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction. EBP and the ethanol extract of the whole Lonicera japonica (ELJ) plant were then mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) to give a new preparation (BL) in the hope of obtaining an optimal formula with a higher anti-inflammatory activity. Evaluation of the effects of these preparations on A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells revealed that EBP potently inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), while ELJ showed weak inhibition. Additionally, the mixture (BL) clearly showed stronger inhibitory effects against 5-LOX than either preparation alone. These preparations also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2-catalyzed $PGE_2$ and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase-catalyzed NO production by lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. When tested against arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema, EBP showed strong inhibitory activity at doses of 5-200 mg/kg when administered orally, but BL had obviously stronger inhibitory effects. When tested against ${\lambda}$-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, BL showed a potent and synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, BL was found to have strong analgesic activity at 50-400 mg/kg. Taken together, these results indicate that each of these preparations exert anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In particular, BL showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than EBP, and these anti-inflammatory effects were partially related to the inhibition of eicosanoid and NO production. BL may be useful for the treatment of human inflammatory disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.82-82
• /
• 2001

Previously, several prenylated flavonoids having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety were found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and sophoraflavanone G was the most potent inhibitor against these eicosanoid generating enzymes among the prenylated flavonoids tested. In this investigation, effects of sophoraflavanone G on COX-2 induction from RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo inflammatory response were studied. Sophoraflavanone G inhibited prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW cells by COX-2 down-regulation without significantly affecting COX-2 activity at 1 50 $\mu$M. Other prenylated flavonoids including kuraridin and sanggenon D also down-regulated COX-2 induction at 10-25 $\mu$M, lirhile kurarinone and echinoisoflavanone did not. In addition, sophoraflavanone G shelved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against mouse croton oil-induced ear edema and rat carrageenan paw edema via oral (2-250mg/kg) or topical administration (10 - 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ear). Although the potencies of inhibition were far less than that of a reference drug, prednisolone, this compound showed higher anti-inflammato교 activity when applied topically, suggesting a potential use for several eicosanoid-related skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anti-thrombotic, and analgesic effect of Whalrakdan. The anti-inflammatory effects was measured by the method of carrageenin induced edema, protein leakage test using CMC-pouch, and the effect of Whalrakdan on the cardiovascular system was observed by the change of flow rate of Ringer solution in the vascular system in the ear of rabbit. and the contraction and dilatation of rat tail artery. Death rate, platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation activity, antithrombin activity was observed for the measurement of the anti-thrombotic effect of Whalrakdan, and the analgesic effect was measured by the acetic acid method and hot plate method. The result was as follows: 1. After 2 or 3hour of Whalrakdan administration, carrageenin induced edema and CMC-pouch protein leakage was significantly decreased. 2. The slight anagesic effect of Whalrakdan extract was confirmed by the observation of writhing syndrome, paw licking time, and escape time. 3. The droplet of Ringer solution increased according to the increase of concentration of Whalrakdan extract, and the vasoconstriction decreased dependantly to the concentration of Whalrakdan extract. 4. The anti-thrombotic effect of Whalrakdan was observed by the decrease of death rate, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, and the increase of anti-thrombin activity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.36-53
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Haingkyunghonghwatang (HKHHT) on anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFC) and RAW264.7 cells. Also, changes in pathological features by drug treatment were investigated in the in vivo edema-induced rats by carrageenin/arachidonic acid or in the colitis-induced mice by DSS treatment. Results : The cytotoxicity of HKHHT on mLFC and RAW264.7 cells wasn't observed at 100, 50, 10, and $1{\mu}g/ml$ of The treatments. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and NOS-II mRNA expression of RAW264.7 cells was inhibited by The treatments in a dose-dependent manner. HKHHT treatment of RAW264.7cells(HtRc) inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$ and COX-2 mRNA expression. HtRc significantly inhibited IL-6 and NO production. HtRc inhibited ROS production. HKHHT inhibited rat's paw edema induced by carrageenin or arachidonate treatment in all concentrations examined. The body weight and colon length of colitis-induced mice were recovered to a normal level by DSS treatment. Clinical disease levels were significantly improved compared to the control animals. HKHHT treatment of colitis-induced mice(HtCm) significantly increased hematological values such as WBC and RBC counts, Hgb and HCT levels, but decreased PLT values. HtCm decreased IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly HtCm significantly increased CD3+(T) cell counts. In contrast, HKHHT treatment decreased CD19+ B cell counts and CD3+/CD69+ significantly, and also decreased B/T ratio (%) though not significant. Conclusion : These results indicated that HKHHT could be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by the inflammation.