• Title/Summary/Keyword: rat organs

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Identification of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein mRNA in the Rat Ovary and Adrenal G land (흰쥐 난소 및 부신에서 Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein mRNA의 발현에 관한 연구)

  • 김명옥
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 1998
  • The synthesis of steroid hormone starts from cholesterol. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR) transfers cholesterol acutely from the outer mitochondrial membranes to the inner in the early step of steroidogenesis. Many kinds of steroid hormones are mainly synthesized in adrenal grand, ovary and testis. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of StAR mRNA in the rat ovary and adrenal gland and to confirm the functions of StAR in these organs. In the ovary, StAR mRNAs were strongly expressed in the corpus luteum, where progesterone is synthesized, and these were weakly expressed in the theca layer of follicles, where androgen is synthesized. However, StAR mRNAs were not detected in the estrogen producing granulosa cells of growing follicles. In the corpus luteum, StAR mRNAs were strongly loclized in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, where glucocorticoid is mainly synthesized. StAR mRNAs were weakly expressed in the zona gromerulosa, where mineralcorticoid is synthesized. StAR mRNAs were not detected in the adrenal medulla. In our results, StAR mRNAs were expressed differentially in the steroidogenic cells of ovary and adrenal gland according to the types of steroid hormones, and the statges of corpus luteum development. We conclude that StAR is involved in the steroidogenesis at the very early step of steroid synthesis cascade.

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Effects of Alcohol Intoxication and Moldy Rice Consumption on the Liver Lipid Content in Rat (Alcohol과 쌀 곰팡이의 Toxicity가 간(肝)의 지방(脂肪) 축적(蓄積)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Chung, C.E.;Kim, S.H.
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.37-53
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    • 1973
  • For the elucidation of the metabolic effects due to alcoholic drink and moldy rice intake author designed two experiments as follows. In the first experiment, sixty male and female rats, divided into six groups, 10 rats each in both sexes, were given 7.5% sucrose-30% alcohol solution (Jinro-Soju) and diets varied of fat content (2%, 7%, 30% of diet) and protein quality (casein, bean, anchovy) for 6 weeks. In the Second experiment, six groups of rats, 10 male rats each, were fed the diets containing zero, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% moldy rice contaminated Penicillium Islandicum and the experimental periods were 4 weeks and 6 weeks. The results of these studies due to the toxicity of alcohol consumption and moldy rice ingestion of the fatty liver production and the other effects are as follows. 1. Food intake of alcohol consumed groups decreased to 50%-70% of that of standard group. In the second study, there was no significant differences on food intake due to the different contents of moldy rice and experimental period. 2. On the view paint of body weight gain, the body weight of alcohol consumed groups gained much less than that of standard group, because food consumption was decreased due to alcohol ingestion. 3. In comparison of F.E.R. and P.E.R. between standard and experimental groups, there was no significant differences in this study. 4. As a matter of fact, there was no significance on the nitrogen balance in both studies. 5. From the result of hematology, R.B.C. counts, W.B.C. counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit showed normal values in all groups including in this study. So we might conclude that the toxicity of alcohol and moldy rice do not effect significantly on blood picture. 6. The larger organs shrank on the range of 20%-70% of that against standard group in this study. The major reason for the shrinkage of organs might be account of decreased food consumption due to alcoholic drink. There was no great changes on the organ weight due to the ingestion of moldy rice. 7. The nitrogen content in various organs in both experiments was revealed at the normal level for the worst condition in terms of the least food intake. In other word, it was noteworthy that the concentration of nitrogen in various organs was kept at the normal ratio as standard groups under the circumstances of this study. 8. The lipid content in the liver of rats fed alcohol and diets containing either various lipid contents or protein quality did not increase. Hepatic lipids accumulation due to the dietary fat content was observed, but there wvas no significances among the compared groups. In the second experiment, the difference of hepatic lipid content between the moldy rice groups and standard group was not showed. In addition to the result of total lipid, hepatic free cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride did not change in both studies, we might conclude that the toxicity of alcohol and moldy rice could not effect on the hepatic lipid contents. 9. There was no significant differences on the serum glucose level between alcohol groups and standard group. In the second experiment, serum glucose level increase in 6th week compared with in 4th week, but there was no significant differences.

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Effect of Mn and Fe Compound on the Absorption in the Body and Genital Organs, Activity with F344 Rats (F344 rats를 이용 망간 및 철 화합물의 체내 흡수와 생식기 및 운동성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Yeong;Lee, Sung-Bae;Han, Jeong-Hee;Choi, Sung-Bong;Kang, Min-Gu;Lee, Chae-Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.224-234
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    • 2007
  • This study aimed to examine the harmful effects of Mn and Fe, which may be generated as dust or fume in the industrial sites, on the body and genital organs by their inhalation. It is intended to find the characteristics and differences of the hazardousness by inhaling a single and the mixed materials of Mn and Fe. Male F344 rats were divided into the control group and 3 exposed groups on the basis of the test material compound (Mn $1.5mg/m^3$, Mn 1.5 and Fe $3.0mg/m^3$, Fe $3.0mg/m^3$). The 4 groups were divided into 4 subgroups again on the basis of the exposure period (4 and 13 weeks) and the recovery period (4 and 13 weeks). The exposure condition was 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for the whole body. Clinical tests including changes in weight and feed rate, blood biochemical test, motility change, changes in the number and the amount of spermatozoon (sperm count), daily sperm production (DSP), deformity test of spermatozoon and changes in the accumulation of Mn and Fe in blood and internal organs were performed. Motility was reduced by Mn exposure. Especially, the effect of Mn was exposure period responsible. By mixing with Fe, no significant change in motility Mn and Fe accumulation in organs was observed. Sperm count and daily sperm production (DSP) were decreased by Mn. Additional effect like the reduction of sperm count and DSP, and delayed restoration of sperm count and DSP during the recovery period were observed in the mixed exposure group. These results indicate that Mn and Fe may affect the motility reduced and has male reproductive toxicity. Mixed exposure of Mn and Fe lead to synergic effects on the male reproductive toxicity.

Bioactivities and Safety of Chitin, Chitosan and Their Oligosaccharides (키틴, 키토산 및 그 올리고당의 생리활성 및 안전성)

  • Kim Se-Kwon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 1997.05a
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    • pp.20-27
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    • 1997
  • Chinin is the second most plentiful natural polymer. Currently, chitin and chitosan are manufactured commercially in large scale from crab and shrimp shell as fish processing waste. They is being used in many commercial application because of their various functional properties. Chitosan, in particular, is being evaluated as biomedical materials in a number of food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite their potential abilities, the perfect safety had been demonstrated until now. However, the long-term feeding with chitin was not any negative effect the body weights and serum enzymatic activities in mice. And, in rats supplied with $5\%$ of chitosan diet for 450 days, there was no changes of Ca concentration in blood, bone and other organs except for in muscle. Consequently, there was no direct toxicity of chitin and chitosan against some animals such as rat and mouse by recently reports.

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Single-dose oral toxicity study of mBHT in Sprague-Dawley rats (mBHT의 랫드를 이용한 단회경구투여 독성시험)

  • Park, Young-Chul;Park, Yong-Ki
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.11
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    • pp.66-73
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the single dose toxicity of modified Bo-yang-Hwan-o-Tang (mBHT) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The mBHT was once administrated orally to both sexes of rats at dose 2,000 mg/kg body weight which are the recommended maximum limit dose for acute toxicity. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, gross and histological changes in target organs for all rats. Results: Neither significant changes of body weight not death was observed during the observation period in mBHT-administrated rats. Neither significant toxic signs not histopathological changes were shown during the observation period. There were not observed significant gross abnormality between the control and mBHT-administrated rats. Conclusions: These results indicated that the toxicity of mBHT is greater than 2,000 mg/kg body weight in SD rats.

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Acute Subcutaneous Toxicity Study of Banaron Cream in Rats (피부외용제 Banaron크림의 급성독성시험 연구)

  • 조대현;황세진;이원용;이주영;윤형중;문병우
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.280-283
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    • 1993
  • Single subcutaneous injection to SD rats of both sexes was performed to investigate the acute toxicity of new skin allergy-remedy ointment, Banaron. Banaron is composed of lidocaine hydrochloride, chloro-pheniramine maleate, prednisolone acetate, chlorohexidine hydrochloride, methyl salicylate, 1-menthol and d-camphor. The results were as fellows. $LD_{50}$, /TEX> values of Banaron were 8373.6 mg/kg for male and 8260.1 mg/kg for females. Death occurred within 24 hours after administration at doses up to 6600 mg/kg. The main cause of deaths seemed to be respiratory disturbance. General symptoms decreased of activity and respiratory rate, salivation, tremor and loss of consciousness which were commonly observed by some survived animals and all dead animals. No significant gross findings of internal organs and body weight changes in treatment groups in comparison with these of control group were observed at the maximum dose levels in Banaron.

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General Pharmacology of KI-60606 (KI-60606의 일반약리작용시험)

  • 김은주;김현진;김동연
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.89-98
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    • 2002
  • In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

Mutation Spectrum of 1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane, an Endocrine Disruptor, in the lacI Transgenic Big $\textrm{Blue}^{(R)}$ Rat2 Fibroblast Cell Line.

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Chai, Young-Gyu;Lee, Kilchul;Kyounghee Oh;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.129-129
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    • 2001
  • 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), a soil fumigant against nematodes, is a genotoxic carcinogen and also is classified by World Wildlife Fund as endocrine disruptors. DBCP has been extensively studied on genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and damage in male reproductive-related organs. However, information on precise mechanism of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of DBCP is yet unknown. (omitted)

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Experimental Toxocara catiInfection in Gerbils and Rats

  • Zibaei, Mohammad;Sadjjadi, Seyed Mahmoud;Uga, Shoji
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.331-333
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    • 2010
  • Mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats were inoculated orally with 240 and 2,500 Toxocara cati embryonated eggs, respectively, to evaluate the larval recovery in different tissues and organs, such as the liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscles after 5, 30, 49, 70, and 92 days post-infection (PI). Larval recovery rates were 1.7-30.0% in Mongolian gerbils on days 5-92 PI and 0.2-3.8% in rats on the same days. These results indicate that Mongolian gerbils and Wi star rats are suitable experimental paratenic hosts for the study of neurological toxocariasis as well as visceral toxocariasis.

Effect of Danchisoyosan on Catecholamine Level in Rat Brain Applied to Immobilization Stress (단치소요산이 구속 스트레스를 가한 흰쥐의 뇌내 Catecholamine 함량변화에 미치는 영향)

  • 황귀서;이기선;박종형
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.13 no.3_4
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    • pp.143-149
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    • 1998
  • To elucidate the preventive effect of Danchisoyosan (DS) on stress, we investigated the physiological change of rats which were applied immobilization stress. For immobilization stress, rats were placed in restrainer for 12 hours a day for 3 days. During application of stress, body weight of rats was measured. After sacrifice, 8 organs were taken for measurement of organ weight. Brain was sectioned into 4 parts that are Frontal Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Hypothalamus and Hippocampus. Each part was homogenated and its catecholamine and serotonin contents were measured with HPLC. In our study, stress mainly induced increase of concentration of neurotransmitters in brain without other significant physical change of rats. DS inhibited stress induced changes of neurotransmitter content in brain.

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