• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.594-609
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• 2023

TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method is gaining popularity in urban and underwater tunneling projects due to its ability to ensure excavation face stability and minimize environmental impact. Among the prominent models for predicting disc cutter life, the NTNU model uses the Cutter Life Index(CLI) as a key parameter, but the complexity of testing procedures and rarity of equipment make measurement challenging. In this study, CLI was predicted using multiple linear regression analysis and tree-based machine learning techniques, utilizing rock properties. Through literature review, a database including rock uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, equivalent quartz content, and Cerchar abrasivity index was built, and derived variables were added. The multiple linear regression analysis selected input variables based on statistical significance and multicollinearity, while the machine learning prediction model chose variables based on their importance. Dividing the data into 80% for training and 20% for testing, a comparative analysis of the predictive performance was conducted, and XGBoost was identified as the optimal model. The validity of the multiple linear regression and XGBoost models derived in this study was confirmed by comparing their predictive performance with prior research.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

The recent trend in younger generations of wearing traditional costumes or incorporating fusion hanbok into daily wear necessitates the development of modern hair accessories to complement hanbok. The purpose of this study is to develop practical and modern hair accessory designs inspired by royal women's hair ornaments that complement hanbok, and therefore expand the scope of fashion content development utilizing hanbok culture as well as meeting the demand for various experiences of traditional culture. This research studied the literature on traditional hairstyles and accessories of Queen Yeong and constructed models of these accessories for the purpose of empirical research. The production process first required creating a basic foundation of nylon mesh reflecting the silhouette of a traditional hairstyle, and then grafting a digital textile printed fabric using majestic and extravagant royal relics on top, thus employing the trompe l'oeil technique to ultimately give the impression of wearing traditional jewelry. As a result, a total of six hair accessory designs were completed, produced with hairbands, hair pins, and hair ties. In addition, the accessories are designed to be easily worn regardless of the wearer's hair style, and the stiff yet flexible nylon mesh effectively expresses the shape of a voluminous hairstyle and creates an optical illusion, blending into the hair. These research results present a unique aesthetic and cultural experience to the greater public seeking both daily entertainment and value from rarity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose a plan that properly organizes urban close-to-nature streams by evaluating the city park functions, ecological functions and landscape functions required for urban stream and setting up space function suitable for the space. The site of this study is Hongjecheon located in Seodaemun gu of Seoul City, whose length of channel spans 6.12km in total. The plan for the construction of close-to-nature streams had been established from late 2003, and the construction was completed. Evaluation Categories and indications were deduced from 4 stages. First, based on theoretical examination, we made a list of stream and park evaluation categories and added Category about Characteristic of urban streams. Next, we set Final Evaluation Categories and indications through the process of goal-relevance, indication verification, merging similar category. Final Evaluation Categories were deduced such as usage demand, usability(city park functions), biodiversity, inhabitation potential, rarity(ecological functions), historical cultural elements, and landscape Quality(landscape functions). As a result of allotting space functions, zones 1 through 4, got high grades at usage demand, was classified as a civic resort district; zones 5 through 6, close to major green area and remained original landscape, as ecological conservation and restoration district; zones 7 through 8, get high grades at usage demand and usability, as environmentally-friendly use district; and zones 9 through 10, many historical cultural elements and view points, and high green possession rate, as stream scenic district. In addition, detail space function and construction plan for each zones were proposed. As a result of this study, proposed space function assignment considering natural characteristics, humanities and social characteristics and landscape characteristics and is expected to be utilized at reasonable spatial planning considering various functions required for urban stream.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.401-413
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• 2016

Forest resources utilization and variable disturbance history have been affected the rarity and conservation value of forest relict trees, which served as habitat for forest biodiversity, important carbon stock and cultural role include human and natural history in South Korea. This study was conducted to establish the baseline data for forest resources conservation by clarifying species diversity, spatial distribution and ecological characteristics (individual and habitat) of forest relict trees (DBH > 300 cm) based on the data getting from mountain trail, high resolution aerial photos and field professionals and field survey. As results, 54 taxa (18 family 32 genus 48 species 1 subspecies 3 variety and 2 form) as about 22% of tree species in Korea was identified in the field. 837 individuals of forest relict trees were observed and the majority of the trees was in Pinaceae, deciduous Fagaceae and Rosaceae, which families are abundant in population diversity. High elevation area was important to relict trees as mean altitudinal distribution was 1,200 m a.s.l as likely affected by human activity gradients and mid-steep slope and North aspect was important environment for the trees remain. Many individuals exhibited 'damage larger branch' (55.6%) and consequent relatively lower mean canopy coverages (below 80%). Synthetically, present diversity and abundance of relict forest trees in South Korea were the result of complex process among climate variation, local weather and biological factors and the trees of big and old were estimated to important forest biodiversity elements. In the future, clarifying the role and function of relict trees in forest ecosystem, in- and ex- situ programmes for important trees and habitat, and activities for building the background of conservation policy such as "Guideline for identifying and measurement of forest relict trees".

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 1994

Purpose: The primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(GI-NHL) is the most common extranodal NHL. Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was tried with some success, but proper management guidelines have not been estabilished in localized GI-NHL due to its rarity and the lack of randomized trials. So we designed this study to evaluate treatment results and the lack of randomized trials. So we designed this study to evaluate treatment results and prognostic factors in localized GI-NHL, and to assess proper treatment mdality after surgical resection accordig to risk factors by survival analysis. Method: Seventy three patients who received surgical resection due to localized GI-NHL from Jan. 1916 to Apr. 1991 were reviewed in this study. Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis program including postoperative treatment methods, and treatment results were compared according to prognostic factors and treatment modalities. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate was 62.3%, for all patients. The 5-year survival rate was 80.0% for patients with stage I GI-NHL and 45.7% for those with stage II. Chemotherapy or not, stage and residuum or not after surgical resection were significant independent prognositic factors. Postoperative adjuvant treatments showed significant survival benefit. In patients with high risk factors such as stage II or residuum after surgical resection, postoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed better survival than those treated with single modality. Conclusions: Chemothrapy or not, stage, and residuum or not were important prognostic factors of patients with localized GI-NHL after surgical resection. Either chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone after surgical resection is recommanded for patients without high risk factors(stage II or residuum after surgical resection) but the postoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy seems to be beneficial for patients with high risk factors.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.81-101
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• 2017

The present study argues that film director Lee Ae-rim animation works depict the world of the grotesque and not only are important sociocultural phenomena but also hold the significance of humor and subversion. The grotesque exhibits the intriguing characteristics of expressing a perspective critical of the existing society through the sensibilities of minorities and is used broadly as a term not only in the aesthetic sense but also designating sociocultural phenomena. Although discussed separately in terms of Mikhail Bakhtin's carnival grotesque and Mary Russo's uncanny grotesque, the grotesque fundamentally rejects existing order and conventions and is externalized through unique expressions, thus opening up a rich possibility for rejection, humor, satire, transformation, and deconstruction of and regarding the authority of the mainstream. Although they constitute a fictional medium, animation films are social products as well so that they are affected by society, culture, and history and stand as important texts that must be interpreted in terms of the relationships between humans' instinctive desires and society and between the overall culture and artistic media. However, the rarity of grotesque portrayals in South Korean animation films also proves that it is a society where even problems that are in themselves sensitive must be manifested ingeniously on a conventional level. South Korean society has a unique history of colonialism and national division and is simultaneously in the unique situation of a society that has undergone growth at a nearly unprecedented rate. Consequently, the society exhibits closed yet dynamic particularity where everyday tension and rigidity, wariness of others and extreme competition are intertwined in a complex manner. Intensively analyzed in the present discussions, director Lee's animation films and are characterized mainly by grotesque images, nonlinear narratives, and vivid depictions. In such a context, these works not only are artistic products of South Korean society but also rejections of a rigid society and share the significance of the aesthetics of the carnival grotesque, which consists of subversive expressions directed at a new world.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.7 s.276
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• pp.485-491
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• 2007

Background: Thoracoplasty has become a rarity in current clinical practice, although it has been widely employed for well over a century as a procedure for reducing the capacity of the thoracic cavity. Yet we have perform tailoring thoracoplasty following or concomitant with pulmonary resection in 20 patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and late clinical results and also the significance of tailoring thoracoplasty. Material and Method: From March 1995 to June 2005, modified thoracoplasty following or concomitant with pulmonary resection was performed in 20 patients out of a total of 298 pulmonary resections for closing air leaks and for treating persistent pleural space following pulmonary resections, and to tailor the thoracic cavity to accept a diminished lung volume. Of the 20 patients, 14 patients had tailoring thoracoplasty performed concomitant with pulmonary resection, and the remaining 6 patients also had tailoring thoracoplasty performed following pulmonary resection. The subjects ages ranged from 24 to 77 (mean $59.1{\pm}6.4$) and a male preponderance was noted (17 : 3); the number of left and right surgeries was equal. The preoperative primary underlying diseases were lung cancer in 7 patients, pneumothorax with giant bullous change in 6 patients, bronchiectasis in 2 patients, previous pulmonary tuberculosis associated with aspergilloma in 2 patients, empyema with fibrothorax in 2 patients and multiple lung abscesses & destruction due to previous trauma in 1 patient. The operative methods were apicolysis and subperiosteal removal of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th ribs (the costochondral junction to the posterior portions of the ribs) with preservation of the first rib and compression of the anterior chest via cotton bags and elastic bandages. Result: The mean duration of the air leaks after thoracoplasty was $1.6{\pm}0.2$ days (range: $0{\sim}7$ days) and the mean duration of an indwelling chest tube was 7 days (range: $5{\sim}11$ days); the mean duration of hospitalization was $19.2{\pm}2.8$ days (range: $8{\sim}47$ days). The postoperative complications were wound infection (2) and pneumonia (2); reoperation was done due to bleeding (1) in one patient who underwent concomitant thoracoplasty and there was 1 case of wound infection (1) after postresection thoracoplasty. The mortality was 1 patient in the early phase and 4 patients in the late phase. Conclusion: We conclude that tailoring thoracoplasty may be performed to close anticipated persistent pleural spaces and to accommodate the diminished lung volume with acceptable cosmetic results when this procedure is combined with pulmonary resection in selected patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

Purpose : Rarity of olfactory neuroblastoma makes it difficult for treating Physician to Practice with a consistent protocol. This study is peformed to analyze our experience with various treatment modalities for patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. Discussion includes review of some recently published literatures. Methods and Materials : Between June of 1979 and April of 1997, 20 patients were treated under the diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma at Seoul National University Hospital. There were 14 male and 6 female patients. Age at initial treatment ranged from l3 to 77 years with median or 24 years. fifteen or 20 patients had Kadish stage C. They were treated with various combinations of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy; surgery+postoperative radiation therapy+adjuvant chemotherapy for 2 patients, surgery+postoperative radiation therapy for 6, neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery for 1, surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy for 1, surgery only for 2, neoadiuvant chemotherapy+ radiation therapy for 3, radiation therapy+adjuvant chemotherapy for 1, radiation therapy only for 3, and no treatment for 1 patient. Results : Follow-up ranged from 2 month to 204 months with mean of 39.6 months. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates are 20% and 10%, respectably. Four patients are alive at the time of data analysis. One of four living patients was treated with radical surgery, postoperative radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, two patients with radical surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, and one with radical surgery only. Conclusion : Multidisciplinary approach, including radical surgery, pre- or post-operative radiation therapy and chemotherapy, should be addressed at the initial time of diagnosis. Although limited by small number of the patients, this study suggests importance of local treatment modality, especially radical surgery in the treatment of lofactory neuroblastoma.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.319-345
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• 2019

Recently planification and effort for management, assessment and discovery of geological heritagesare being increasingly demanded with institutional strategies such as geopark, as their preservation is asked socially. In this study, we discovered geological heritages in the Jeolla Province and then performed assessment of the value and grading of them and finally suggested a promising and suitable site for the National Geopark. A total of 325 geological heritages are listed on literature review and then detailed description in field and assessment of the value for selected 158 geoheritages are completed. The assessment items are categorized into intrinsic value, subsidiary value, and preservation/management part. The intrinsic value is subdivided into scientific/educational value, composed of representativeness, rarity, geodiversity, typicality, reproducibility, and particularity, and geomorphological/landscape value composed of scale, naturality (integrity), scenery (aesthetic value). Also, subsidiary value consist of 7 subsections of soil function, ecological function, tourism value, geological resource, historical value, folk tale or legend and symbolic value, and accessibility, convenient facility (infrastructure), management condition (legal protection) is evaluated in preservation/management part. The heritages in the Jeolla Province subdivided into three types: 73 geological heritages, 42 geomorphological heritages, and 42 composite heritages. Based on points acquired in intrinsic value, all geological heritages are graded Class-I to -V. As a result, numbers of geoheritage belong to Class-I (protection at world level), -II (protection at national level), -III (nationdesignated management), -IV (involved management list), -V (candidate management list) are 12, 39, 52, 34, 21, respectively. Finally, we construct database based on Arc-GIS with all informations for each geological heritage and suggest three promising and suitable sites, 'Jirisan-Seomjingang Area' and 'south coast area of Jeolla Province', for the National Geopark.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.601-613
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide an protected wildlife species and potential habitats in Seoul through the overall present status of the species which live in Seoul. This study was performed in Seoul, the entire area of which is 605.52 $km^2$. We analyzed a total of 57 studies, including academic papers and research reports, for the natural ecology in Seoul. As for the results from the study, it was found that a total 1,907 species from 5 taxa were inhabiting and growing within the area. Among the total, plants of 1,656 species accounted for 86.7%, 197 species of wild birds made up 10.3%, 29 species of amphibians and reptiles consisted of 1.5%, and 27 species of mammalia totaled 1.4%. A total of 440 species except foreign species and species legally preserved by the Ministry of Environment, common species and uncertain species were selected as primary candidates. By taxon, it shows 212 species of plants, 180 species of wild birds, 24 species of mammalia, and 24 species of amphibians and reptiles. For extensive research subjects and research data limited in certain insect family, analysis by literature for discovered insects was excluded. The selection criteria for the second candidate species was based on extinction crisis, rarity, historicity and locality, academic value, habitat specificity, etc. The second candidate species from the primary species were selected through taxon experts' evaluations. As for the results of the selection of the second candidates, a total 77 species were selected through the experts' evaluations. Each species by taxon was 25 species for plants, 21 species for wild birds, 5 for mammalia, 10 for amphibians and reptiles and 16 species for insects. A site investigation for the second candidates was conducted to select the final candidate species. For the target areas, the habitats of the second candidates given by the literature and 46 potential areas in Seoul, which show good natural resistance, were finally selected. From the result of the site investigation, it was found that 14 species of plants, 19 species of wild birds, 2 species of mammalia, 4 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 16 species of insects were actually inhabiting Seoul; thus, the final 55 protected species were selected.