• 제목/요약/키워드: rare metals

검색결과 223건 처리시간 0.019초

Influence of Stress-strain on the Microstructural Change in the Metallic Glass and Metallic Glass Matrix Composite

  • Kim, Song-Yi;Lee, A-Young;Oh, Hye-Ryung;Lee, Min-Ha
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2015
  • At room temperature, metallic glasses deform inhomogeneously by strain localization into narrow bands as a result of yielding due to an external force. When shear bands are generated during deformation, often nanocrystals form at the shear bands. Experimental results on the deformation of bulk metallic glass in the current study suggest that the occurrence of nanocrystallization at a shear band implies the loading condition that induces deformation is more triaxial in nature than uniaxial. Under a compressive stress state, the geometrical constraint strain imposed by the stress triaxiality plays a crucial role in the deformation-induced nanocrystallization at the shear bands.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PLASTIC DEFORMABILITY OF GAS ATOMIZED NdFeB ANISOTROPIC MAGNETS

  • JU-YOUNG CHO;YONG-HO-CHOA;SUN-WOO-NAM;RASHEED MOHAMMAD ZARAR;TAEK-SOO KIM
    • Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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    • 제65권4호
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    • pp.1293-1296
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    • 2020
  • NdFeB anisotropic sintered permanent magnets are typically fabricated by strip casting or melt spinning. In this study, the plastic deformability of an NdFeB alloy was investigated to study the possibility of fabricating anisotropic sintered magnets using gas atomized powders. The results show that the stoichiometric composition Nd12Fe82B6 softens at high temperatures. The aspect ratio and orientation factor of Nd12Fe82B6 billets after plastic deformation were found to increase with increasing plastic deformation temperature, particularly above 800℃. This confirms that softening at high temperatures can lead to plastic deformation of Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic phases.

주석 소재의 국내·외 품질기준현황 및 재활용 제품의 성능 비교 (Current State of Domestic·Overseas Quality Standards of Tin and Comparison of Qualities between Virgin and Recycled Tin Products)

  • 김용환;손성호;신호정;한철웅;박성철;이만승
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2019
  • 4차산업 혁명과 에너지 신산업 등의 성장에 따라 희유금속의 사용이 계속하여 증가하고 있으며, 희유금속의 사용 증가에 따라 희유금속의 재활용이 중요해 지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 희유금속 중 하나인 주석 소재의 국내·외 품질 기준 현황과 재활용된 주석의 성능 테스트에 관해 조사하였다. 성능 테스트 결과, 천연자원 주석과 재활용된 주석의 성능 차이는 없는 것으로 분석되었다.

석유화학공정 폐촉매에 함유된 희유금속의 유기산 침출 (Leaching of Rare Metals from Spent Petroleum Catalysts by Organic Acid Solution)

  • 르민난;이만승
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2019
  • 석유화학공정에서 발생하는 폐촉매는 바나듐, 몰리브덴, 니켈, 코발트와 같은 희유금속을 함유하고 있다. 유기산에 의한 상기 금속의 침출에 대해 연구하였다. 본 논문에서 사용한 유기산에 의한 금속의 침출률은 옥살산 > 타르타르산 > 구연산 > 말레산 > 오스코브르산 순서이었다. 상기 유기산은 바나듐과 몰리브덴의 침출에 선택성이 있으며 옥살산에 의한 침출률이 가장 높았다. 옥살산의 농도, 반응온도, 광액밀도, 교반속도를 변화시켜 옥살산에 의한 바나듐의 최적침출조건을 얻었다. 옥살산에 의한 바나듐의 침출에 대한 속도식을 조사한 결과 Avrami식과 잘 맞았으며 활성화에너지는 8.76 kJ/mol로 물질전달에 의해 침출반응이 율속되었다.

국내 석탄화력발전소 석탄회 중 희유금속 가치 평가 (Evaluation of Some Rare Metals and Rare Earth Metals Contained in Coal Ash of Coal-fired Power Plants in Korea)

  • 박석운;김재관;이형범;서연석;홍준석;이현동
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2015
  • 국내 석탄화력발전소 11곳의 석탄회(비산재, 바닥재 및 매립회) 및 매립장 상등수를 채취하여 희유금속의 함량분포를 살펴보았다. 주요 전략광물인 이트륨(Yttrium) 및 네오디뮴(Neodymium)의 경우 약 23 ~ 75 mg/kg 범위로 나타났으며 별도의 회수기술 개발에 대한 가치가 충분한 것으로 판단되었다. 연간 발생하는 비산재 및 바닥재와 더불어 매립회의 양을 감안하면 국내 석탄화력발전소가 보유하고 있는 희유금속은 약 1.67조 원의 가치가 있는 것으로 조사되어 도시광산으로서 충분한 경제적 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

MULTISTEP HEAT-TREATMENT EFFECTS ON ELECTROSPUN Nd-Fe-B-O NANOFIBERS

  • EUN JU JEON;NU SI A. EOM;JIMIN LEE;BIN LEE;HYE MI CHO;JI SUN ON;YONG-HO CHOA ;BUM SUNG KIM
    • Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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    • 제63권3호
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    • pp.1433-1437
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    • 2018
  • Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets are considered to have the highest energy density, and their applications include electric motors, generators, hard disc drives, and MRI. It is well known that a fiber structure with a high aspect ratio and the large specific surface area has the potential to overcome the limitations, such as inhomogeneous structures and the difficulty in alignment of easy axis, associated with such magnets obtained by conventional methods. In this work, a suitable heat-treatment procedure based on single-step and multistep treatments to synthesize sound electrospun Nd-Fe-B-O nanofibers of Φ572 nm was investigated. The single-step heat-treated (directly heat-treated at 800℃ for 2 h in air) samples disintegrated along with the residual organic compounds, whereas the multistep heat-treated (sequential three-step heat-treated including three steps;: dehydration (250℃ for 30 min in an inert atmosphere), debinding (650℃ for 30 min in air), and calcination (800℃ for 1 h in air)) fibers maintained sound fibrous morphology without any organic impurities. They could maintain such fibrous morphologies during the dehydration and debinding steps because of the relatively low internal pressures of water vapor and polymer, respectively. In addition, the NdFeO3 alloying phase was dominant in the multistep heat-treated fibers due to the removal of barriers to mass transfer in the interparticles.

Phase Evolution During Extraction and Recovery of Pure Nd from Magnet

  • Mohammad Zarar Rasheed;Sun-Woo Nam;Sang-Hoon Lee;Sang-Min Park;Ju-Young Cho;Taek-Soo Kim
    • Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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    • 제66권4호
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    • pp.1001-1005
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    • 2021
  • Liquid Metal Extraction process using molten Mg was carried out to obtain Nd-Mg alloys from Nd based permanent magnets at 900℃ for 24 h. with a magnet to magnesium mass ratio of 1:10. Nd was successfully extracted from magnet into Mg resulting in ~4 wt.% Nd-Mg alloy. Nd was recovered from the obtained Nd-Mg alloys based on the difference in their vapor pressures using vacuum distillation. Vacuum distillation experiments were carried out at 800℃ under vacuum of 2.67 Pa at various times for the recovery of high purity Nd. Nd having a purity of more than 99% was recovered at distillation time of 120 min and above. The phase transformations of the Nd-Mg alloy during the process, from Mg12Nd to α-Nd, were confirmed as per the phase diagram at different distillation times. Pure Nd was recovered as a result of two step recycling process; Liquid Metal Extraction followed by Vacuum Distillation.

회주철에서의 폐 영구자석 스크랩을 활용한 희토류 원소 첨가 영향 연구 (A Study on Addition of Rare Earth Element in the Spent Permanent Magnet Scrap to Gray Cast Iron)

  • 박승연;노정현;김효중;임경묵
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.48-57
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 폐 영구자석 스크랩에 함유된 희토류원소(Rare Earth Element, R.E.)를 첨가하여 고강도 회주철의 제조 방법을 검토하였다. 폐 영구자석 스크랩에 함유되어있는 희토류원소가 회주철의 응고 시 복합유화물 및 A형 흑연 형성을 촉진하여 조직 및 기계적 특성 향상에 효과적으로 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 폐 영구자석 스크랩을 접종제로 활용하여 주조 시 인장강도는 306 MPa의 우수한 특성으로 나타났으며, 고가의 희토류원소를 사용하여 접종한 실험의 인장강도와 비슷한 수준의 특성이다. 연구결과를 토대로 고특성의 회주철 제조에 있어서 폐 영구자석 스크랩을 활용한 R.E. 첨가가 효과적인 접종방안임을 확인하였다.