• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1999

Introduction: The surgical treatment of Graves' disease has several advantage such as rapid and long lasting therapeutic effect, relatively low incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism and recurrence. Because of less frequent but serious postoperative complications, the operation have not been casually used for treatment of Graves' disease. Hypoclacemia, hoarseness and hematomas are common complications after operative treatment. However, the causative mechanisms of these complications have not been well explained. Objective: We aimed to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurance of complications in surgical treatment for Graves' disease and to evaluate what are the causative mechanisms of postoperative complications. Patients and Methods: From January 1985 to December 1998, a total of 668 surgically treated patients for Graves' disease were enrolled in this study. The incidence of postoperative complications were analyzed in relation to types of surgery, preoperaive preparation, specimen weight, bleeding amount and remnant weight. Results: Postoperative complication was developed in 108(16.2%) of 668 patients. The most common complication was transient hypocalcemia in 85 cases(12.7%). Other complications were: Hematoma in 9 cases(1.3%), transient hoarseness in 5 cases(0.7%), permanent hypocalcemia in 6 cases(0.9%), permanent hoarseness in 3 case(0.4%). The important etiologic factors affecting the occurance of complications were preoperative preparation, perioperative thyroid weight, and remnant thyroid weight. Since 1993, the incidence of complication was more decreased than that in before. Conclusion: To decrease the incidence of postoperative complications of Graves' disease, the patients should be selected carefully, sufficient preoperative preparation should be achieved, and the operation should be performed by well-experienced surgeons.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

Traditionally fatty acid composition used to be analysed by a GC and the sample preparation process includes lipid extraction from sample and subsequent methyl esters preparation, which are time-consuming and cumbersome. As an alternative, simultaneous extraction/methylation methods are being developed for rapid and simplified sample preparation. To optimize one-step extraction/methylation method for analysis of fatty acid composition in brown rice, various reaction factors such as sample to reaction solution ratio, reaction time and temperature, shaking intensity were changed and resultant fatty acid composition data were evaluated in comparison with previous reports. The ratio of sample weight to reaction solution volume was the most critical factor in that higher sample to reaction solution ratio caused overestimation of palmitic acid and linoleic acid composition, resulting in underestimation of oleic acid. Lower reaction temperature also induced overestimation of linoleic acid and underestimation of oleic acid. Reaction duration and the intensity of shaking prior to and during the reaction, however, caused no significant changes in analysis results. In conclusion, the optimum condition was mixing 5 grains (about 0.2 g) of brown rice with $680{\mu}L$ of extraction/methylation mixture and $400{\mu}L$ of heptane, followed by reaction at $80^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.26-31
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• 2019

In this study, the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of hypereutectic Al-17Si-5Fe extruded alloys prepared by a rapid solidification process (RSP) were investigated. The hypereutectic Al alloy was fabricated by means of RSP and permanent casting. For RSP, the Al alloy melted at $920^{\circ}C$, cooling the specimens at a rate of $10^6^{\circ}C/s$ when the RSP was used, thus allowing the refining of primary Si particles more than when using permanent casting, at a rate of about 91%. We tested an extrusion RSP billet and a permanent-cast billet. Before the hot-extrusion process, heating to $450^{\circ}C$ took place for one hour. The samples were then hotextruded with a condition of extrusion ratio of 27 and a ram speed of 0.5 mm/s. Microstructural analyses of the extruded RSP method and the permanent casting method were carried out with OM and SEM-EDS mapping. The mechanical properties in both cases were evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness, wear resistance and tensile tests. It was found that when hypereutectic Al-17Si-5Fe alloys were fabricated by a rapid solidification method, it becomes possible to refine Si and intermetallic compounds. During the preparation of the hypereutectic Al-17Si-5Fe alloy by the rapid solidification method, the pressure of the melting crucible was low, and at faster drum speeds, smaller grain alloy flakes could be produced. Hot extrusion of the hypereutectic Al-17Si-5Fe alloy during the rapid solidification method required higher pressure levels than hot extrusion of the permanent mold-casted alloy. However, it was possible to produce an extruded material with a better surface than that of the hot extruded material processed by permanent mold casting.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

Cobalt silcides thin films were prepared on Poly-Si/$SiO_2$/Si substrates by Co metal depostion using E-beam evaporation method and rapid thermal annealing for the application of inkjet printing heater. The crystal phases and composition distributions of the films were investigated as functions of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperatures (600~$900^{\circ}C$) and times (20~40 sec). The high temparature thermal stability was also investigated by the analysis of sheet resistance and crystalline properties. The stable $CoSi_2$ phases were obtained by the RTA annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds showing $0.8 \Omega /\Box$ of sheet resitance. However, the sheet resistances were sharply increased at below $700^{\circ}C$ due to changes of crystalline phases. The temperature resistance coefficient of heating elements was found to be about $0.0014/^{\circ}C$, and the obtained cobalt silicided films can be applied to the printer heating elements.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2015

A rapid and simple analytical method, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was developed to detect myo-inositol (MI) in infant formulas. For protein removal: acid hydrolysis and lipid removal through organic solvent extraction. The operating conditions for instrumental analysis were determined based on previously reported analogous methods that used LC-MS/MS. Quantitative analysis was used for the detection limit test, infant formula recovery test, and standard reference material (SRM) 1849a to verify the validity of our LC-MS/MS analytical method, which was developed to quantify MI. For validation, the results of our method were compared with the results of quantitative analyses of certified values. The test results showed that the limit of detection was 0.05 mg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.17 mg/L, and the method detection limit was 17 mg/kg. The recovery test exhibited a recovery between 98.07-98.43% and a relative standard deviation between 1.93-2.74%. Therefore, the result values were good. Additionally, SRM 1849a was measured to have an MI content of 401.84 mg/kg and recovery of 98.25%, which is comparable to the median certified value of 409 mg/kg. From the aforementioned results, we judged that the instrumental analysis conditions and preparation method used in this study were valid. The rapid analytical method developed herein could be implemented in many laboratories that seek to save time and labor.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2009

Local malaria transmission in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) came to an end in 1997. Nevertheless, UAE has been subjected to substantial importation of malaria cases from abroad, concerning both UAE nationals and immigrants from malarious countries with a total number of 2,119 cases in 2007. To evaluate a new DNA extraction technique using nested PCR, blood samples were collected from 132 individuals who presented to Infectious Diseases Department in Rashid Hospital, Dubai, and Central Department of Malaria Control with fever and persistent headache. Giemsa-stained blood films and ELISA test for malaria antibodies were carried out for detection of Plasmodium infection. Plasmodium infections were identified with the genus-specific primer set and species differentiation using nested PCR. A rapid procedure for diagnosis of malaria infections directly from dried blood spots using for the first time DNA extract from FTA Elute cards was evaluated in contrast to extraction techniques using FTA classic cards and rapid boiling technique. Our new simple technique for DNA extraction using FTA Elute cards was very sensitive giving a sensitivity of 100% compared to 94% using FTA classic cards and 62% in the rapid boiling technique. No complex preparation of blood samples was required prior to the amplification. The production cost of DNA isolation in our PCR assay was much less incomparable to that of other DNA extraction protocols. The nested PCR detected plasmodial infection and could differentiate P. falciparum from P. vivax, and also detected the mixed infection.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2002

The electrical and optical properties of $(Pb_{0.91}La_{0.09})(Zr_{0.65}Ti_{0.35})O_3$(PLZT) thin films by MOCVD using ultrasonic spraying were investigated. To compensate the Pb loss by evaporation, 5 and 10 wt% of excess Pb was added to 0.2 M precursor. After deposition of films on ITO-coated glasses in oxygen atmosphere for 30 min, films were heated by in-situ RTA (rapid thermal annealing) method. When the films were heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$, perovskite single phase was obtained. The optical property of the film with 10 wt% excess Pb was excellent showing about 84 % of transmittance near 520 nm. The dielectric constant of the film was about 308 and the leakage current of the film was lower than the Pb excess 0, 5 wt% PLZT thin films.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.408-413
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• 2008

In this work, the use of LPRTO (low pressure rapid thermal oxidation) and remote plasma oxidation was evaluated for the preparation of ultra thin silicon oxide layer with less than 5 nm. The silicon oxide thickness grown by LPRTO was rapidly increased and saturated. The maximum thickness could be controlled at about 5 nm. As RF power and oxygen flow rate at a remote plasma oxidation increased, the behavior of oxide growth was almost the same as that of LPRTO. The oxide thickness of 4 nm was the maximum obtained by a remote plasma oxidation in this work. The quality of silicon oxide grown by LPRTO was comparable to the thermally grown conventional oxide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1531-1535
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• 2002

It has been known that the sex of chicken cells can be most accurately identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). However, the presently available FISH has not been widely used for sex identification, because the procedures for cell preparation and FISH itself are complicated and time-consuming. The present study was undertaken to test a rapid FISH procedure for sexing chicken. A FISH probe was simultaneously synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 416 bp segment of the 717 bp XhoI family fragment which is repeated over 10 thousand times exclusively in the W chromosome. Sexing by FISH was performed on cytological preparations of early embryos, adult lymphocytes and feather pulps of newly hatched chicks. The DNA probe hybridized to all types of uncultured interphase as well as metaphase female but not male cells that had been examined. Moreover, consistent with the known site of the XhoI family, the hybridization signal was localized to the pericentromeric region of the W chromosome. We, therefore, conclude that the present PCR-based FISH can be used as a rapid and reliable sex identification procedure for chicken.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.6
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• pp.8-13
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• 1965

Korean MEJUES were prepared by means of ordinary, Improved and compromised methods, and analyses of the changes in various chemical compositions of the Soy-sauces throughout the fermentation period of 10 weeks. Now, their result, are as the following as. (1) In all of the Soy-sauces under study the content of organic acids showed a slight increase upto 4 week, and a marked increased after this period. (2) In all of the soy-sauces the total nitrogenous content indicated a rapid increase until 4 weeks, and a slower increase after this. (3) In all of the soy-souses, the content of free amino acids displayed a liner proportional increament until 8 weeks and then slower increose. (4) In all of the soy-souses the content of reducing sugars indicated a slight increase until 4 weeks, and after this it showed a rapid decrease until 4 weeks, in the improved soy-souses and, then maintained an almost flat curve. In the ordinary and Compromised soy-souses there was a rapid decrease in reducing sugars until 6 weeks, and then an almost 리at curves. (5) In the ordinary soy-sauce the SAMWOL-ZANG-BUB(soy-sauce prepared in March) is considered to be based on a comparatively scientific ground during the fermentative period. (6) In order to improve the taste in ordinary soy-sauce it is favorable to delay the period of preparation. The adequate period appears requires 8 weeks at least. Accordingly it is recommended to mix the materials with carbohydrate source. (7) In the improved soy-sauce according to the SAMWOL-ZANG-BUB of ordinary soy-sauce it is thought that 8 weeks were adequate for the fermentation. (8) The compromised method may be recommended for the improvement of nomemade soy-souce, and it may be also superior to the ordinary soy-sauce in quality.