• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2005

Thermoase를 이용하여 속성 까나리액젓 생산 가능성에 대해 조사한 결과, 속성 까나리 액젓의 발효조건으로 thermoase $0.2\%$ 첨가, 발효온도 $60^{\circ}C$ 및 발효시간 9시간으로 설정되었다. 설정된 발효조건에서 생산된 속성 까나리 액젓은 시판 액젓 제품에 비해 밝은 갈색을 나타내었다. 또한 일부 시판 액젓에 비해 속성 까나리 액젓은 총 질소, 아미노태 질소 및 총 유리아미노산 함량이 다소 낮았으나, 감미성 아미노산 비율이 높았다. Thermoase를 이용한 까나리 액젓은 발효시간이 짧고 염장처리 된 까나리를 이용할 수 있다는 측면에서 활용 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 1999

As a part of investigation to use sardine(Sardinops melanoslicta) more effectively as a food source, this study was undertaken the processing condition of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of sardine. To prepare rapid fermented products, the chopped whole sardine was added 8% NaCl and then preheating treatment at $40^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ in the manufactured fermenter(180L) for 9 hrs, and then fermentation at $33^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The chemical changes such as amino nitrogen(amino-N), volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), and histamine in the hydrolysates of fermented sardine were analyzed as well as viable cell count and organoleptic evaluation during fermentation to compare the quality between control and preheating samples. During fermenting, the amino-N in the hydrolysates increased rapidly during the first 30 days and slowly thereafter. The highest content of amino-N appeared at 75 days in control sample and $60{\sim}75$ days in preheating samples. The changes of VBN in the hydrolysates increased rapidly during first 15 days in control samples and 30 days in preheating samples. However they were generally low level in preheating samples. Histamine content in the hydrolysates of the control samples increased markedly after 15 days, but preheating samples were generally low level, and then $75{\sim}90$ days of fermentation reached to the maximum which was about $2.0{\sim}3.0$ times lower than that of control samples. As for the organoleptic flavor evaluation, the control and preheating at $40^{\circ}C$ samples were unpleasant odor after 15 and 60 days, respectively. But preheating at $45^{\circ}\;and\;50^{\circ}$ samples were fresh odor after 90 days fermentation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2001

우리나라의 전통 발효식품의 고추장의 관능성 및 기능성을 증가시키기 위하여 전분질 원료인 찹쌀무게에 대하여 2%, 4%, 6% 및 8%의 다시마 분말을 첨가한 후 대조구와 함께 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 120일간 숙성시키면서 세균수와 효소활성을 검토하였다. 고추장의 세균수는 숙성 초기 $10^4$ cfu/g 수준에서 출발하여 숙성 30일에는 $10^{6}$ cfu/g의 수준을 나타내었고, 60일 이후에는 $10^{8}$ cfu/g의 수준을 유지하여 후반동안 $10^{8}$ cfu/g을 유지하였는데 다시마의 첨가 구별 차이는 없었고 미생물의 생육에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 효소활성의 경우 액화효소인 $\alpha$-amylase의 활성은 서서히 감소하여 숙성 후에는 효소의 활성이 거의 실활되었고 당화효소인 $\beta$-amyase의 활성은 숙성 30일까지 큰 폭으로 증가했다가 숙성 60일에 급격히 감소하였으며, 전반적으로 대조고추장에 비하여 다시마 고추장의 $\beta$-amylase의 활성이 약간 높게 나타났다. 단백질 분해효소인 acid protease 및 neutral protease의 활성은 숙성 30일까지는 증가하였으나 그 이후에는 불규칙적인 증감현상을 보이며 120일까지 감소하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.456-462
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• 1992

본 연구는 간장의 속성발효를 위한 방법의 하나로 정어리육을 효소에 의하여 분해하고, 분해액을 유산균과 효모의 균체를 고정화하여 이를 column형 reactor를 이용하여 속성발효를 시도하였다. 이때 사용된 column 반응조는 유리제$(30{\times}50cm)$의 칼럼 3개에 Pediococcus halophilus R-22, Saccharomyces rouxii R-60과 Candida etchellsii H-50을 colloidal silic와 sodium alginate(1 : 5)의 혼합액으로 고정화하여 각각의 column에 충전시켰다. 이때의 최적조건은 pH5.2, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, 식염농도 10%이었다. 발효 최적조건에서 96시간 경과시 P. halophilus R-22는 유산을 0.75%, S. rouxii R-60은 ethylalcohol을 2.5%, C. etchellsii H-50은 4-ethylguaiacol을 18 mg/l 생성하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

This study was attempt to improve the quality of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of sardine (Sardinops melanoslicta). Effect of pretreatment methods such as water adding, heating, and intermittent NaCl adding on fermented liquefaction of chopped whole sardine were investigated. The divisions of the experimental samples by pretreatment methods were as follows; Sample A (water adding and heating): chopped whole sardine adding 20% water and then adding 3 and 5% NaCl consecutively at the intervals of 3 and 6 hrs during heating for 9 hrs at $50^{\circ}C$ and then fermented at $33^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. Sample B (preheating): chopped whole sardine with 8% NaCl and heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then fermented at $33^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. Sample C (control): neither pretreatment methods of water adding nor preheating on chopped whole sardine with 13% NaCl and then fermented at $33^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. Comparison of the appropriate fermentation period, yield of hydrolysate, chemical composition of fermented liquefied products were carried out. The highest content of amino nitrogen appeared at 60 days in the sample A, 75 days in the sample B, and 90 days in the sample C during the fermentation period. The appropriate fermentation period of the sample A was shorten 15 days than the sample B and 30 days than the sample C in the processing of sardine. The product A was lower NaCl (8.5%) and lower histamine content (25mg/100g) than the sample B and C. Possibly, three kinds of pretreatment methods such as water adding, heating, and intermittent NaCl adding, might be recommend as the processing of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction product of chopped whole sardine.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.788-793
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• 1997

Addition of sugar, enzymatic hydrolysis and salt concentration were evaluated for their effects on the changes in some characteristics of Kimchi juice during fermentation. The Kimchi juice was prepared by brining and grinding of outer layer leaves of chinese cabbage, one of the wastes products of Kimchi processing, followed by fermentation proceeded significantly faster. Addition of sucrose or glucose at the ange of 0.5~2.0 % also improved the fermentation but the concentration effect was little. Enzymatic hydrolysis on the brined cabbage prior to fermentation with a commercial polysaccharides hydrolases also increased the fermentation. However the solid concentration in Kimchi juice was rather decreased by higher concentration of NaCl and enzymatic hydrolysis. The reducing sugar content showed a rapid decrease from 24 hours of fermentation and the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis was little.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1993

본 연구는 간장의 속성발효를 하기 위하여 Pediococcus halophilus R-22, Saccharomyces rouxii R-60과 Candida etchellsii H-50의 균체를 고정화하여 충진한 column형 reactor에 정어리 분해액을 주입하면서 연속적으로 속성발효를 시도하였다. Column형 reactor에서 P. halophilus R-22의 고정화 균체의 연속적 속성 발효시 유산의 생성은 발효 25일까지는 $0.62{\sim}0.64%$이었고 30일 이후부터는 약간 감소하였다. S. rouxii R-60 고정화 체의 연속적 속성 발효시 시작일부터 35일까지는 ethylalcohol이 $2.1{\sim}2.5%$로 거의 일정하게 생성되었고 40일 이후에는 약간 감소하였다. C. etchellsii H-50 고정화 균체의 발효에서는 35일까지는 4-ethylguaiacol의 함량이 $14{\sim}16\;mg/l$로 거의 일정하게 생성되었으나 발효 40일 이후 약간 감소하였다. Column형 reactor의 발효에서 얻은 어간장의 성분을 분석한 결과 총질소는 1,721.6 mg%, 아미노태 실소는 1,584.1 mg%, 유산은 0.75%, ethylalcohol은 2.7%, 4-ethylguaiacol은 18.2 mg/l이었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2004

We evaluated the possibility of rapid fermentation of anchovy sauce using a commercial protease. The fermentation characteristics were monitored by response surface analysis. The content of total nitrogen was high (around 1 %) with fermentation at 51.7～57.5$^{\circ}C$ after 10.2～16.4 hours, but rapidly decreased at higher temperatures (6$0^{\circ}C$ or over), while the $R^2$ of polynomial equation was 0.9185 (p<0.05). The amino acid content rapidly decreased to approximately 600 mg% and less at high temperature (6$0^{\circ}C$ and over), and the $R^2$ was 0.9578 (p<0.01). The free amino acids were affected more by fermentation time when fermentation temperature was lower, and the $R^2$ for total free amino acids was 0.8496 (p<0.10). The $R^2$ for sweet free amino acids was 0.9144 (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, the optimal conditions for anchovy sauce fermentation were predicted to be 52.5～56.9$^{\circ}C$ and 13.3～16.4 hours, and the predicted values and actual values of each response variable were similar to each other when the fermentation was performed at a random point within the optimal range. Also, the comparison of the quality between the quick anchovy sauce and sauces currently on the market showed that the content of sweet amino acids was higher in the former than in the latter.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.794-799
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• 1997

The effective fermentation methods of Kimchi juice for utilization of outer layer of Chinese cabbage, an waste of Kimchi industry were studied. The Kimchi juice prepared with brining and grinding the waste of Chinese cabbage and addition of spices was fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. Addition of 5$^{\circ}C$15% fermented Kimchi juice of pH 5.4 at initial stage and pH 4.4 at middle state resulted in a significant increase in fermentation rate and solid content after 12 hours of fermentation. The combined method of enzymatic hydrolysis(0.1% viscozyme) of the brined and ground cabbage and addition of 2.0% NaCl, 1.0% sucrose and 10% fermented juice of pH 5.4 first and 4.4 during fermentation, respectively resulted in more rapid fermentation. The solid concentration was 5 times higher than control at maximum point and acidic and total flavor intensity were also significantly high.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

Three kinds of grape yakju (Kyoho, Campbell and Moru) and grape-free control were fermented with rice using koji of Aspergillus kawachii as a fermenting agent, and their fermentation characteristics were investigated. For the three yakju, reducing sugar content decreased slowly over 2 days fermentation after an initial rapid decrease. In case of Brix, the reducing sugar content increased gradually after increasing rapidly during the first 2 days of fermentation. The Kyoho and Moru groups displayed a gradual increase in reducing sugar content after an initial 2-day decrease, and the sugar content of the Campbell group increased gradually during fermentation. Uniformly, pH increased gradually after an initial 2-day decrease, however total acid increased continuously throughout fermentation. Alcohol content of yakju showed almost no change after increasing until day 6 (Kyoho) of day 4 (others), with the control displaying the highest content. Control $\alpha$-amylase activity decreased gradually after an initial 2-day increase, while that of the three yakju decreased throughout fermentation. Activities of $\beta$-amylase activities paralleled the results of reducing sugar. Concerning total anthocyanin, the Moru and Campbell groups displayed a rapid increase until day 2, a decrease until day 12, and a gradual increase thereafter. While the Kyoho and control groups displayed virtually no change after an initial 2-day increase until day 12, after which a gradual increase also occurred. In concerning sensory evaluation, Moru yakju scored highest for violetness, flavor of grape, and sweet taste, and also displayed a low alcohol content. These attributed Moru yakju the preferred choice.