• 제목/요약/키워드: ranges

검색결과 7,054건 처리시간 0.04초

목표계획법을 활용한 군 공역 및 사격장 할당 모형 연구 (A Study of Allocation of Military Airspace and Range Using Goal Programming)

  • 류현민;이문걸
    • 한국경영과학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.63-77
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    • 2015
  • The territorial air that our sovereignty is being applied to is divided into several zones and areas. In order to use and manage them effectively, these zones and areas have laws, regulations and rules. The number of airspaces (MOA : Military Operation Area) and Ranges that are used in the military are limited and many airbases are being used for training. Currently the central department manages some, and the rest are independent airbases. Therefore, efficient allocation is not performed and the result occurs where airspaces and ranges are allocated unnecessarily. This is increasing the workload of staff leading to unnecessary re-work. To slove problem, this study proposed models for allocating airspaces and ranges using goal programming with multi-objective functions of minimizing the deviations of the target values.

이동식부탄연소기의 조리기구재질에 따른 온도 특성 (Temperature Characteristics on Cooking Equipment Materials of Portable Gas Ranges)

  • 김대현;이근오
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 2014
  • Accidents involving portable ranges occurred total 133 cases for the last five years(2008~2012). It accounted for 18.0% of all gas accidents(739 cases). Major causes of accidents are using of excessive hot grill, leaving a butane can near fire and overheating of a butane can during cooking. In this study, it is a desire to investigate the relationship between thermal behavior mechanism depending on characteristics of cooking equipment materials of portable gas ranges. It shows that slope of temperature change curve correlates with difference of heat capacity on thermal behavior characteristics experiment depending on materials of cooking equipment. In conclusion, temperature characteristics appear differently depending on variables such as materials of cooking equipment. Especially, it is necessary to restrict using cooking equipment made of stones, because it is very dangerous that temperature of can is rapidly increasing caused by high heat capacity of stone.

Measurement on comfort range of korean population's joint motions for designing and evaluating workplaces

  • 기도형
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.73-82
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    • 1997
  • Daily exposure to constrained body postures and deviations from neutral postures over a long period may result in discomfort as well as pains and aches in the muscles, joints, tendons, and other soft tissues. Furthermore, it was known that poor body postures are a major cause of musculoskeletal disorders in industry. Therefore, in this study, comfort ranges of joint motions were obtained as a criterion for evaluating body postures and designing workplaces ergonomically, which were bases on subjects' perceived discomfort level estimated by magnitude estimation. Nineteen healthy male subjects participated in the laboratory study. They results showed that comfort ranges of joint motions occurred in the wrist, elbow, neck, and ankle were little less than their normal range of joint motions, but those in the back(L5/S1) and hip joint were much less than their normal ones. This fact implies that the back and jip movements are more stressful than the other joints movements. It is expected that comfort ranges of joint motions can be used as a valuable guideline when designing and evaluating workplaces.

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Motion-Blurred Shadows Utilizing a Depth-Time Ranges Shadow Map

  • Hong, MinhPhuoc;Oh, Kyoungsu
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.877-891
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for rendering motion-blurred shadows utilizing a depth-time ranges shadow map. First, we render a scene from a light source to generate a shadow map. For each pixel in the shadow map, we store a list of depth-time ranges. Each range has two points defining a period where a particular geometry was visible to the light source and two distances from the light. Next, we render the scene from the camera to perform shadow tests. With the depths and times of each range, we can easily sample the shadow map at a particular receiver and time. Our algorithm runs entirely on GPUs and solves various problems encountered by previous approaches.

Realizing the Potential of Small-sized Aperture Camera (SAC) in High-Resolution Imaging Age

  • Choi, Young-Wan;Kim, Ee-Eul;Park, Sung-dong
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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    • pp.642-644
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    • 2003
  • SAC is a compact electro-optical camera for imaging in visible-NIR spectral ranges. SAC provides highresolution images over the wide geometric and spectral ranges: 10 m ground sample distance (GSD) and 50 km swath width in the spectral ranges of 520 ${\sim}$ 890 nm. SAC is designed to produce high quality images: modulation transfer function (MTF) of more than 15 %; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of more than 100. The missions of SAC incorporate various imaging operations: multi-spectral imaging; super swath-width imaging with cameras in parallel; along-track stereo imaging with slanted 2 cameras.

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금형강 STD61의 온도에 따른 기계적 성질의 변화 (Temperature-dependence of Mechanical Properties of Die Steel STD61)

  • 여은구;이용신
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.435-440
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    • 2004
  • The temperature in hot forming of metallic materials, such as hot extrusion and hot forging, ranges from $300^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$. Correspondingly, the die also exhibits high temperatures close to that of a work piece and its life is limited generally by high temperature fatigue. Thus, the analysis of high temperature fatigue would need the mechanical properties over the wide ranges of temperature. However, very few studies on the high temperature fatigue of brittle materials have been reported. Especially, the study on the fatigue behavior over such transition temperature regime is very rare. In this paper, the stress-strain curves and stress-life curves of a die steel such as STD61 are experimentally obtained. The wide ranges of temperature from $300^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ are considered in experiments and the transition temperature zone is carefully examined.

Vacancy Ordering and Physical Properties in Defect NaCl-type Solids; M-X (M = Yb, Y, X = S, Se) System

  • Lee Ji-Yun;Kim Sung-Jin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.64-74
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    • 1994
  • The nonstoichiometric chalcogenides with NaCl-type structure were prepared and the physical and structural properties were studied. The homogeneous range and the structural change were studied based on X-ray powder diffractions using Rietveld-type full-profile fitting technique. Wide homogeneous ranges were observed in Y-S and Y-Se systems, and relatively narrow homogeneous ranges were observed in Yb-S and Yb-Se systems. Both in $Yb_{1-x}S\;and\;Yb_{1-x}Se$, a vacancy ordering transition occurred in (111) plane direction. The ordered superstructure had cubic symmetry(Fm$\bar{3}m) with doubled unit cell "a" parameter compared to the original NaCl-type. The superlattice developed in a continuous second-order transitiion was characterized by the reduced waved vector k= $(a^*+b^*+c^*)/2$. Y-S system had metallic, and YSe, YbSe system had semiconducting properties in their homogeneous ranges. It was observed that the change of electronic transport properties in extended homogeneous range did not depend on the relativeratio of metal to nonmetal, but on the quantities of vacancies.

임하댐의 위생학적 수질조사 연구 (Study on the Hygenic Water Quality in Imha Dam)

  • 이희무
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 1995
  • A Study on environmental Investigation in Imha Dam for the finding the degree of water quality and heavy metals was carried out at 4 sampling station during the period from August 15, 1993 to May 7, 1994. The results were as follows. 1. The ranges of values of pH for water were st. 1-7.56, st.2-7.77, st.3-7.9, st.4-7,7 on the average. Total average of pH values were 7.56-7.9 2. The ranges of values of DO for water were st.1-8.71($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-8.64($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-10. 25($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-9.01($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of DO of values were 8.64-10.25($mg/{\ell}$). 3. The ranges of values of BOD for water were st.1-1.1($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.0($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 86($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.99($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of BOD of values were 0.86-1.1($mg/{\ell}$). 4. The ranges of values of COD for water were st.1-1.12($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.4($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 98($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-1.46($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of COD of values were 0.98-1.46($mg/{\ell}$). 5, The ranges of values of T- N for water were st.1-0.36($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.49($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 23($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.83($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-N of values were 0.23-0.83($mg/{\ell}$). 6. The ranges of values of T-P for water were st.1-0.053($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.06($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0.02($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.07($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-P of values were 0.02-0.07($mg/{\ell}$). 7. In the E. soli group distribution were counted st.1-1130, st.2-1113, st.3-152.3, st.4-1253 by the MPN test. Total distribution of E. soil group were 152.3-1253. 8. The concentration of heavy metals of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn were measured st.1-0.59, 0.18, 0 04, 74.6( ${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.2-0.39,0.29,0.03, 54.3(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.3-0.1,0.3, ND, 8(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.4-0.96, 0 26,0.23,45.6(${\mu}g/{\ell}$) on the average. Cd, Hg, Cr were not detected in the sampling site.

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한국건강관리협회 임상병리검사결과 참고범위 설정 및 표준화 (3회차) (Standardization of Reference Values among Laboratories of Korean Association of Health Promotion-3rd Attempt)

  • 이갑노;윤종현;조한익;정후근;박현모;윤청하;김상인
    • 한국건강관리협회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2004
  • Background : Since 2001 the Korean Association of Health Promotion has attempted to establish her own reference valves that can be used in her all fifteen branch laboratories instead of using those adapted from the published data or there commended data by the reagent companies supplied as inserts. However, the previous two reference values derived from the statistics(year 2001 and 2002) were need to adjust to apply to actual practice. Besides there was an unavoidable situation that the reagent has to be changed to other companies in 2002 that creates another statistical problem. Subsequently, the third attempt to derive the reference ranges of tests in KAHP to solve those problems and define common)v acceptable reference ranges was done and and reported here. Methods : Al1 the results performed during January 2, 2003 through September 30, 2003 were collected in Excel tile format. All the data include dthe necessary information such as age and sex. The age was grouped in six; baby(0-3y), children(4-l2y), adolescent(13-l8y), adult(19-S4y), younger elderly (65-79y),old elderly(oyer 80y), with references of statistics in medical informatics and WHO classification. The data were statistically analyzed with SAS 6.04 for-Gaussian distribution as the previous two occasions. None of the tests showed Gaussian distribution. These procedures had been repeated twice or three times after trimming out the results lying outside three standard deviations. Though, all the tests showed non-Gaussian distribution. Subsequently, the reference ranges were defined in the range from the point of lower 2.5% to the point of higher 97.5 %. And in case the lower range could be "0", the reference ranges were defined in the range of 0 to 95%.Results : The reference ranges of most of 56 test items were newly assigned. Also with adaptation of the recommendation of WHO etc. on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin, cholesterol. Among these there were eight tests that needed reference ranges by the age groups and nine tests by the sex. Conclusions : The third attempt will credit more the reference range of all15 laboratories of Korean Association of Health Promotion, which will be essential part of the better service to the patient and clients to visit KAHP.

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멸종위기종 반달가슴곰의 현장 내 복원을 위한 행동권 평가 (Evaluating Home Ranges of Endangered Asiatic Black Bears for In Situ Conservation)

  • 강혜순;백경진
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.395-404
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    • 2005
  • 지리산국립공원에 멸종위기종인 반달가슴곰을 현장 내 복원하는 시도가 이루어지고 있으나 반달가슴곰의 최소 존속 개체군(MVP)의 유지에 필수적인 행동권과 최소 역동 면적(MDA)에 대한 자료는 거의 없는 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 2001년 지리산에 시험방사 된 바 있는 두 반달가슴곰의 위치 자료를 이용하여 곰의 이동 양상을 추적하고 두 가지 다른 방법으로 행동권을 산출하였다. 또한 곰에게 적합하다고 판정된 서식지와 실제 행동권의 크기와 위치를 비교하여 곰의 MVP보전 가능성을 평가하였다 곰의 출현빈도는 포장도로와 법정 탐방로의 밀도가 높아짐에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 두 반달가슴곰의 행동권은 100% MCP 중간값이 376.85 $km^2$, 95% AK 중간값이 50.76 $km^2$이었고, 행동권 중첩면적은 각각 126.0 $km^2$와 3.99 $km^2$이었다. 핵심 활동 지역은 출입 통제 지역임에도 불구하고, 탐방로가 개방된 지역이 아니라 대부분 탐방로가 폐쇄된 곳에 밀집되어 있었다. 핵심 활동 지역과 적합 서식지의 불일치는 공원 내 도로를 통한 차량과 탐방객 유입의 결과인 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로, 절멸위기종인 반달가슴곰의 현장 내 성공적 복원에는, 곰을 보호하고 곰의 행동권을 확보하여 MVP를 유지하기 위한 계획적 서식지 관리가 반드시 필요하다.