• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 1999

Nuclear DNA was isolated from the sperm cells representing genetic characteristics and genomic polymorphisms of rainbow trout by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of DNA using arbitrary primers. Genomic DNA fingerprints were generated from rainbow trout sperm DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification using 20 arbitrary decamers as primers. Out of these primers, 4 generated 17 highly reproducible RAPD markers, producing almost six polymorphic bands per primers. Four of 6 primers tested generated amplified fragments which were polymorphic between different individuals. Polymorphic DNA fragments were reproducibly amplified from independent DNA preparations made from individuals. Rainbow trout was distinctly observed 3 specific DNA markers (2. 3, 2.0 and 1.3kb) in bandsharing. Individual fragments generated using the same arbitrary primer, demonstrated that a single primer detected at least three independent genomic polymorphisms in rainbow trout sperm DNA. The RAPD polymorphism generated by this primer may be used as a genetic marker for individual identification The RAPD-PCR technique has been shown to reveal informative polymorphism in many species of fish. The present results demonstrate that RAPD markers are abundant, reproducible and provide a basis for future gene mapping and MAS in these important aquaculture species using RAPD polymorphic markers. It is concluded that RAPD polymorphisms are useful as genetic markers for fish breed differentiation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2009

Local and seasonal populations of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, were monitored with sex pheromone trapping and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular marker to analyze their movement in apple orchards. To detect their movements among farms, pheromone traps were placed at regions between apple farms ('outside-farms') as well as within-farms ('inside-farms'). Four seasonal adult peaks were evident in apple-cultivating fields from April to October in both trappings of inside- or outside-farms. After overwintering generation, populations of inside-farms were significantly reduced with frequent insecticide applications, compared to populations of outside-farms. Within apple farms, G. molesta tended to be unevenly distributed because of significant sublocal preference. Active movements of local and seasonal populations of G. molesta were supported by gene flow analysis using RAPD marker. Monitoring data using sex pheromone and seasonal reduction in initial genetic differentiation detected in the overwintering populations suggest that there must be significant movement of G. molesta among different orchards in apple-cultivating areas.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-57
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• 1994

The objective of running a long-term care institution is to provide services helpful for maintaining, supporting, and improving elderlies' optimum level of physical, mental, and psychosocial functioning. For the purpose of analyzing the current situations of institutional long term care facilities in Korea, 27 facilities were selected proportionately from each of the cities and provinces, out of the total 152 facilities. About 20% of those who were institutionalized during 25 August through 2 Qctober 1993, the 391 elderlies were chosen on a systematic random basis. The instrument of this study was developed by modifying the tools of CARE, MAI and PCTC. A multivariate approach of discriminant analysis and clustering technique were employed for this study. The Stiudy reveals that there is no clear differentiation of goals and functions among the longterm care institutions in Korea. Staffing patte군 of long-term care facilities shows a shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dieticians. The linkage between acute care facilities and long-term care is weak, and administration of long-term care faciltiy is carried out by non-professionals. They are responsible for assessing health status before entering the facility, and evaluating elderlies' care. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that most of the facilities have accommodated agede regardless of their real needs and health status. Based upon findings of the analysis, this study has classified long-term care facilities into four types : Type I is to help elderlies maintain independence in daily living activities. Type II facilities have the objective of maintaining and improving the current level of elderlies' function. Type III is to maintain maximum independence of elderlies in activities of daily living. And Type IV is identified for the group of facilities designed to restore or improve functional abilities of elderlies. In conclusion, the following suggestions are made : the need for long-term care should be assessed by multidimensional measurement. Institutional long-term care facilities should be classified and developed in response to type of type of care and service need. Both acute and long-term care facilities should be linked together in order to support the evaluation of service operation and program development.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 1992

In general, the accelerogram of earthquake ground motion or the accelerogram obtained from dynamic tests contain various errors. In these errors of the accelerograms, there are instrumental errors(magnitude and phase distortion) due to the response characteristics of accelerometer and the digitizing error concentrated in low and high frequency components and random errors. Then, these errors may be detrimental to the results of data processing and dynamic analysis. An efficient method which can correct the errors of the accelerogram is proposed in this study. The correction of errors can be accomplished through four steps as followes ; 1) using an interpolation method a data form appropriate to the error correction is prepared, 2) low and high frequency errors of the accelerogram are removed by band-pass filter between prescribed frequency limits, 3) instrumental errors are corrected using dynamic equilibrium equation of the accelerometer, 4) velocity and displacement are obtained by integrating corrected accelerogram. Presently, infinite impulse response(IIR) filter and finite impulse response (FIR) filter are generally used as band-pass filter. In the proposed error correction procedure, the deficiencies of FIR filter and IIR filter are reduced and, using the properties of the differentiation and the integration of Fourier transform, the accuracy of instrument correction and integration is improved.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2001

Genetic diversity of 47 East-Asian vegetable soybean was characterized by means of agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. A field trial was conducted to evaluate 14 agro-morphological traits. To study RAPD-based DNA analysis, a total of sixty 10-mer random primers were screened. Of these, 23 polymorphic markers in 16 varieties used for screening. Among 207 markers amplified, 48 were polymorphic for at least one pairwise comparison within the 47 varieties. A higher differentiation level between varieties was observed by using RAPD markers compared to morphological markers. Correspondence analysis using both types of marker showed that RAPD data could fully discriminate between all varieties, whereas morphological markers could not achieve a complete discrimination. Genetic distances between the varieties were estimated from simple matching coefficients, ranged from 0.0 to 0.640 with an average of 0.295$\pm$0.131 for morphological traits and 0.042 to 0.625 with an average of 0.336$\pm$0.099 for RAPD data, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic dissimilarity of these varieties gave rise to 4 distinct groups. The clustering results based on RAPDs did not match with those based on morphological traits. Geographical distribution of most varieties in each of the groups were not well defined. The results suggested that the level of genetic diversity within this group of East-Asian vegetable soybean varieties was sufficient for a breeding program and can be used to establish genetic relationships among them with unknown or unrelated pedigrees.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9719-9723
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• 2014

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women, resulting in approximately 500,000 cases per year. The purpose of this study is to compare disease characteristics between Black Hispanic (BH) and Black non-Hispanic (BNH) women in the US. Materials and Methods: We used stratified random sampling to select cervical cancer patient records from the SEER database (1973-2009). We used Chi-square and independent samples t-test to examine differences in proportions and means. Results: The sample included 2,000 cervical cancer cases of Black non-Hispanic and 91 Black Hispanic women. There were statistically significant differences between black Hispanic and black non- Hispanics in mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), mean survival time (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), primary site of cancer (p<0.001); lymph node involvement (p<0.001); grading and differentiation (p<0.0001); and tumor behavior (p<0.001). Black women were more likely to develop cervical cancer and to have the highest mortality rates from the disease. Conclusions: Findings from this study show clear racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence and prognosis that should be addressed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2003

A total of 260 dogs were randomly selected from two different treed kennels that brucellosis has occurred (group 1, 126 dogs), and random selected breed kennel (group 2, 134 dogs), and monitored for Brucella canis (B. canis) by 2-mercaptoethanol rapid slide agglutination test (2ME-RSAT) and bacterial culture method. For the differentiation, PCR-RFLP using omp-31, wbkA and per genes used for 52 of B canis strains (strain I) isolated in this study and 3 of B. canis strains (strain II) isolated in 1994 in Korea. 2ME-RSAT revealed that 63/126 dogs (50.0%) and 12/134 dogs (9.0%) were positive in group I and group II, respectively. Bacterial culture revealed that 47/126 dogs (37.3%) and 5/134 dogs (3.7%) were positive in group I and group II, respectively. As the results of PCR-RFLP, $\underline{omp}-31$ was amplified from all Brucella spp, except B. abortus. All B. canis isolates showed unique PCR-RFLP pattern following digestion with Bmel8I. However, all Brucella spp. showed the same PCR-RFLP pattern following digestion with SalI. PCR-RFLP analysis of wbkA revealed that all Brucella spp. showed the same pattern following digestion with HindIII. PCR-RFLP analysis of per revealed that B. abortus 544 and B. melitensis 63/9 showed the same pattern, but different from B. suis and B. canis following digestion with HindIII.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2553-2562
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• 2013

It is difficult for TCP congestion control algorithm to ensure the bandwidth and delay bound required for media streaming services in broadband wireless network environments. In this paper, we propose the COIN TCP (COncave INcrease TCP) scheme for providing a high-quality media streaming services. The COIN TCP concavely increases the congestion window size by adjusting the increment rate of congestion window, that is inversely proportional to the amount of data accumulated in the router queue. As a result, our scheme can quickly occupy the available bandwidth and prevent the heavy congestion. It also improves the link utilization by adjusting the decrement rate of congestion window according to the packet loss rate with the random loss. Through the simulation results, we prove that our scheme improves the total throughput in broadband wireless network.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4107-4113
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• 2013

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) plays an important role in tumor cell invasion. Although it has been studied frequently in ovarian cancer, its prognostic impact is still equivocal. The aim of this study was to more precisely estimate its prognostic significance. Method:We searched Pubmed, Embase, OVID, Sciencedirect and CBM databases to identify eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled across studies using fixed-effects or random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analysis. Results: 30 studies (n=2552 patients) focusing on prognosis or expression of MM-9 were included. Increased expression of MMP-9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients (HR=1.68, 95%CI 1.09-2.59, p=0.02). Besides, MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer was significantly higher than non-malignant tumors (OR=11.46, 95%CI 8.47-15.50, P<0.00001). Moreover, increased expression of MMP-9 was significantly associated with FIGO stage (OR=4.85, 95%CI 2.60-9.04, P<0.00001), grade of differentiation (OR=3.34, 95%CI 2.46-4.54, P<0.00001), lymph node metastasis (OR=5.75, 95%CI 3.71-8.92, P<0.00001) and there was no association with histological type of ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Increased expression of MMP-9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Down-regulation of MMP-9 is an attractive therapeutic approach which might improve outcome of ovarian cancer.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-377
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• 1995

Morphological and isozyme analyses were used to examine closely related species of Tridentiger obscurus and \ulcorner: brevispinis, a pair of cryptic species which has intricate problem with regard to species boundary, and to clarify the taxonomic position. In this study, it was revealed from their 17 allopatric streams that there are differences of band ornamentation on the lateral side and three genetic markers between two species. However, genetic relationship between them (S = 0.813, D = 0.192) was within the intraspecific level of similarity. However, at the sympatry of two species no hybrid was found except at Bangjuk stream where the electrophoretic hybrids with slight deficiency of heterozygosity were observed. It is shown that at sympatry there is a finer microenvironmental subdivision between two species at all populations including Bangjuk stream. To manifest the extent of assortative mating, four syrnpatric subpopulations at Bangjuk stream were analyzed for departure from Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium by F-statistics. All subpopulations were deviated significantly from the expectation under random mating. The evidences presented here supports the recognition of Tridentiger obscurus and T. brevispinis as semispecies in the late stage of reproductive isolation