• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

This study was conducted to dentify the optimum plantlet type of 'Solara' potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) for growth in an aeroponics system. Plantlets of 'Solara' were transplanted on March 16, 2015 in a greenhouse, and growth and yield characteristics were investigated at 70 and 78 days after transplanting, respectively. Stem length was shorter in plantlet of 15-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the stem length of plantlets of stem cuttings tended to increase with increasing stem cutting age. The fresh weight of plants was the highest in the plantlets of 40-day-old stem cuttings and the lowest in non-rooted stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture. The highest number of first stolons was obtained in 35-day-old stem cuttings. The number of second stolons was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings, acclimatization of culture, and 30- day-old stem cuttings. The total number of tubers was higher in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the number of tubers above 3 g was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings. The weight of tubers above 3 g was the heaviest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings(1,947 g per 10 plants), followed by plantlets of 30-day-old stem cuttings. These results indicate that plantlets of 30 to 35-day-old stem cuttings could be the best for production of 'Solara' potato tubers in an aeroponics system.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

Mass production method on artificial seedling production of hard clam Meretrix petechialis was developed indoor culture system. Spawning of adult clam (SL $65.8{\pm}8.4mm$) was induced using the combined method of air exposure and water temperature raising. The fertilized eggs were developed to D-shaped larvae after 17.7 hours at $27^{\circ}C$ and hatching rate was 6.1%. Shell length (SL) of D-shaped larvae was measured to be $131.4{\pm}2.6{\mu}m$ and thereafter the larvae grew to the settled spats with SL $190.2{\pm}7.5{\mu}m$ in 4 days. Estimated survival rate of settled spats was 48.1%. Spat collection on 130,000 spats with SL $0.19{\pm}0.01mm$ performed conducted by sand bottom circulation filtering method. Collected spats grew up to $3.1{\pm}0.8mm$ in 46 days, $6.6{\pm}1.8mm$ in 87 days, and $10.5{\pm}0.9mm$ in 114 days. The relative growth between SL and shell height (SH) was calculated to be SH = 0.8501SL + 0.0196 ($R^2=0.9987$) during the whole spat period. During spats rearing, they were suffered from one time of mass mortality at SL 3.1 mm, but 51,000 spats were finally survived with the rate of 39.2% at 114 days of spat rearing in indoor tank system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.204-204
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• 2017

In recent years the growth rates of world agricultural production and crop yields have slowed because of rapid urbanization but the agriculture mechanization implies the use of various power sources and improved farm tools and equipment to enhance the efficiency of utilization of various crop input. Therefore the current study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of seedlings treated with plant growth regulators for the production of seeds suitable for mechanical formulations of soybeans and red beans. The seeds of Uram bean and Arary red bean were sown in 128 well plug tray as the testing varieties. Three growth inhibitors such as 0.05% hexaconazole, prohexadion-calcium, and 0.1% diniconazole were treated and fifteen representative plants were collected from each treatment at 2, 5, 7, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 20 days interval after treatment. The collected plants were examined for the growth atributes such as plant height, root length, leaf area and chlorophyll. The growth promoter was treated at the 13th day after treatment with growth inhibitor and treated with 0.1% concentration of Pomina ($GA_{4+7}$ 1.8% + 6-benzylaminopurine 1.8%) and Nonaji (gibberellic acid 2% + $GA_{4+7}$ 2%). Initially the growth data was recorded to examine the effect of growth inhibitor, while after treatment with growth promoters, the growth attributes were recorded at 4th and 7th day. As a result of measuring the growth parameter of soybean, the inhibitory effect was shown in the aerobic treatment at the ground level at the 7th day after treatment. At the 4th day of growth promoting agents treatment, the stimulation effect of non - treated plants was greater than that of formalin treatments. As a result of measuring the growth attributes of red bean, In the latter part of the growth, at the 4th day after the growth promoter treatment. This study was able to confirm the effective growth regulators and treatment periods for each crop, and it was possible to control the growth of seedlings. Based on these results, it can be expected that the basis of seedling production technology of crops which is necessary for sowing and transplantation mechanization of agriculturle field can be established.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1992

Recently, a nursery mat made from rock wool has realized transplanting of the younger seedlings with the ordinary transplanting machines for Chibyo and Chubyo(3 and 4～5 leaved seedling, respectively). The seedlings defined as the 'Nyubyo' or 'Nursling seedlings' became possible to achieve economic profits from the reduction in both working time and costs. It being widely noticed as a strategy to solve the difficulties in current rice cultivation. The nursling seedlings are 1.4 to 2.5 leaves and height at 4.5 to 7cm, grown 4 to 7 days after seeding. They maintain still up to 50 to 80% of their nutrients in the endosperm, and can grow by using only their own nutrients for a certain period of time after transplanting. Nursling seedlings take 2 days in the nursery chamber at 32$^{\circ}C$ after seeding, and 2 days in the greening house at $25^{\circ}C$. This is only 4 days, all together, to make the nursling seedlings of 1.5 leaves which are ready for transplanting. Watering is only needed once at the sowing time. It only takes 1 or 2 waterings even to raise a seedlings for a period of 7 days. The number of nursery boxes can be reduced because it is possible to sow more densely(220 to 240g per box), thus it only needs seedlings of 15 to 16 boxes per 10 a which leads to a reduction in facilities and space needed. Temperature during the nursery period can be artificially adjusted more precisely which may lead to the prevention of temperature stress. The nursling seedlings can root rapid by because the crown roots from the coleoptile node begin to emerge immediately after transplanting. They show strong resistance to low temperature (12$^{\circ}C$) and deep-planting. There is no danger in the rooting of the seedlings even if half of their height is buried into the soil. Moreover, it can root at a rate of up to 65 to 80% even if the full height of the seedlings is buried. They show also strong resistance to submergence (10～15cm). The nursling seedlings tend to grow by producing tillers from lower nodes. It is therefore, necessary to control to keep the proper numbers of tillers per unit area. They have no fear in the delay of heading and their yield components can be so well balanced that the same level of yield was achieved with the nursling seedlings compared to that with Chibyo. It was further suggested that if the surplus tillers can be avoided by such cultivation practices, the number of grain per panicle can be kept greater and higher yield can be realized. Practical experiments with the nursling seedlings conducted in 1989 and 1990 by farmers in various areas showed exciting results. The nursling seedlings will become widely spread, or at least occupy an important position in Japanese and also in Korean rice cultivation techniques.tivation techniques.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

This study was conducted to validate the growth and productivity of cucumber hydroponics using coir as the medium, different types of nutrient solutions and formal methods, in order to select the most efficient cultivation method. The nutrient solutions consisted of culture solution (S) and raw water (W), the planting methods were rockwool cube seedlings (RC), rockwool plug seedlings (RP), and slab directly seedlings (DS). The reference date was set the sowing date. The initial growth showed a significant increase in the culture solution treatment, the differences among treatments decreased as the growth period lengthened. There was no apparent correlation between the planting methods and growth, but different results were observed among the same planting methods depending on nutrient solution used. Similarly, productivity followed a similar trend, with significantly higher harvest in the culture solution treatment during the initial harvest period of 6-8 weeks after sowing, but the harvest gap among treatments were diminished in the after period. The cumulative harvest was significantly higher in the culture solution treatment due to the initial difference in harvest quantity. Plant growth and fruit productivity exhibited a similar trend, showing a linear relationship. There was no correlation among the planting methods, but direct seedling with the culture solution showed the highest initial growth and harvests due to stable nutrient and moisture supply in the initial root zone. Therefore, it is believed that direct seeding method on the culture solution medium would be most advantageous for plant growth and productivity. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to cost effectiveness from an economic perspective through simplification of the cultivation process, labor costs and production cost reduction

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to establish the condition of regeneration for white balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum DC. cv. Jangback) and to manage for the raising of seedling with in vitro regenerated plants. It was examined that 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 1.0 mg/L of BA was the best composition for the callus and shoot induction (up to 600%). NAA was better than IBA for the induction of root and it took 16.9 days for the induction of rooting on the MS soild media containing 0.5 mg/L of NAA and the final rooting ratio was up to 75%. Out of 5 different bed soils purchased from local market, "Tosil" was identified to be the best for the acclimation and growth of in vitro regenerated balloon flower. In detail, on 8 weeks after planting of in vitro regenerated plants in pots containing "Tosil" bed soils, the plant hight was increased up to 2-fold (12.8 cm), 3.5-fold (27) for the number of leaf and 1.5-fold (4.5 cm) for the leaf length when compared to the other four bed soils, respectively. Our preliminary results indicate that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of blue balloon flower in the massive cultivated area of white balloon flower by providing the seedlings raised from in vitro regenerated plants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the seedling qualities and growth of paprika according to various irrigation points (IPs) (30, 40, 50, 60 or 70%) compared to the weight of rockwool cube with 100% water content for raising seedlings of paprika. Growth degree of paprika seedlings was positively correlate with various irrigation points. In particular, paprika seedlings with IP 30-40% and IP 50-70% treatments were significantly higher than those with other treatments. Leaf area of seedlings was 50-100% wider in those with IP 50% and IP 40% treatments than those with other treatments, therefore dry weight was heavier in IP 30-60% treatments. The dry weight of more than IP 50% treatments had no significant differences. Leaf area (Y₁) had a significant relation with the irrigation point (x) as Y₁ = 48.311x + 133.7 (R² = 0.9116^⁎⁎). Also dry weight (Y₂) of the seedlings showed a linear regression equation as Y₂ = 0.1584x + 0.8616 (R² = 0.8853^⁎). Considering the leaf area and the dry weight of irrigation points for rising seedlings of paprika in this study, the optimum range of the irrigation points in the water contents of rockwool cube is IP 50%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of charcoal on the physico-chemical characteristics in the growing media and the growth of oriental melon, six treatment, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% charcoal, were added into the growing media, Baroker. The value of pH in the charcoal contained growing media (CGM) was recorded higher and further increased by raising the charcoal ratio and by growing period. In 20% CGM, the range of pH was adequate to grow crop as 5.2${\sim}$5.8. Contents of Ca and K in CGM increased by raising the ratio of charcoal, while contents of Mg and Na decreased. The growth of oriental melon seedlings in 20% and 30% CGM was better than in other treatments, in terms of fresh and dry weight of shoot, plant height, leaf area, lear width and relative growth rate. Both the physico-chemical properties of growing media and the growth of oriental melon seedlings were changed by the addition of charcoal. These results suggest that charcoal can be used as mixing material with other potting media for producing the seedling of good quality.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the optimum hardening condition for ginseng plantlets redifferentiated by tissue culture method. While a lot of root hair were observed on the root of seedling grown on the soil, few root hair were observed on the root of plantlet redifferentiated in vitro. On the medium solidified with $0.1{\%}$ phytagel, root hair was not observed and root weight, root width and laternal root development were also very poor. While raising the phytagel concentration on the media, root hair began to increase and root weight, root width and latemal root development were improved. Vascular tissue of plantlet grown on the medium with $0.1{\%}$ phytagel was very poor, but that of plantlet grown on the medium with $0.8{\%}$ phytagel was very good.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.68-75
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• 2007

In order to supplement insufficient nutrients of paper sludges, additional materials such as saw dust and rice husk were added during preparation of bed soils. Rice husk was more finely ground, compared to saw dust. The fine particles of the rice husk prevented their flow in a barrel of the expander. The mixed additives with paper sludges could be used to control the quantity of required nutrients for raising plants. That is, except for potassium and manganese, most of nutrients were decreased with adding the additives to paper sludge. The acidity of the paper sludges mixed with the saw dust or the rice husk was a little decreased with the increased amount of the additives. Differently from the bulk density of the paper sludges, the moisture content and the water absorption rate of the paper sludges were incremented with increasing the additives.