• Title/Summary/Keyword: rainfall simulator

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A Study on the Effectiveness Verification of Hydrological Cycle of Pervious Pavement using LID Simulator (LID 효율성 검증기기를 이용한 투수성 블록의 수문순환 효율성 검증에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Mi Eun;Jang, Young Su;Nam, Chil Ho;Shin, Hyun Suk
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.321-330
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    • 2015
  • In recent, the impacts of urbanization on hydrology and water quality can be minimized with the use of Low Impact Development (LID) practices in urban areas. But, there are no ways to verify or to show the quantitative effectiveness with LID practices. This study designed and developed to perform experiments in natural or artificial representation of hydrological cycle, which is called rainfall-runoff simulator to be able to quantify factors in hydrological system. This simulator was applied to a pervious pavement block. The study conducted analysis of effectiveness for a pervious pavement block by comparing the results with a general pavement block. The result from the pervious pavement block showed remarkably reduction effect on surface runoff with increase of rainfall intensity and more duration time. Also, the simulator was possible to control no surface runoff by a rainfall intensity at 50 mm/hr for an hour. The research indicated possibility and effectiveness for LID practices. This might be widely available to apply to LID practices verification. Therefore, the study is possible to make use of practical standards on fundamental studies.

Flood Response Disaster Prevention Facility Simulator Design and Prototype Development Using Spill and Inundation Model (유출·침수모델을 이용한 홍수대응 방재시설 시뮬레이터 설계 및 프로토타입 개발)

  • Seo, Sung Chul;Kim, Ui Hwan;Park, Hyung Keun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2023
  • Global climate change is increasing, and the damage and scale of localized torrential rains are increasing. Pre-flood analysis simulation results should be derived from rainfall data through rainfall forecasts to prevent flood damage. In addition, it is necessary to control the use and management of flood response disaster prevention facilities through immediate decision-making. However, methods using spills and flood models such as XPSWMM and GATE2018 are limited due to professional usability and complex analytical procedures. Prototype (flood disaster prevention facility simulator) of this study is developed by calculating rainfall (short-term and long-term) using CBD software development methods. It is also expected to construct administrator and user-centric interfaces and provide GIS and visible data (graphs, charts, etc.).

The Testbed System for Crisis Management System of the Power Grid Using Satellite Communication Network (위성망을 이용한 파워 그리드 위기관리 시스템의 테스트베드 구현)

  • Lee, Seung-Ho
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.86-95
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we propose a testbed system for the crisis management system of the power grid(CMS-PG) using satellite communication network. For the verification of CMS-PG, the proposed system composed of the simulator of satellite communication network and the simulator of phase measurement unit. Proposed satellite communication simulator can evaluate the delay and the robustness of the communication according to the rainfall and the humidity of local site. And the proposed simulator can calculates the voltage stability by hardware implementation using FPGA. Using the proposed testbed system, we adapted its function of crisis management system for the conventional power grid.

A Experimental Study on the Variation of the Pore-water Pressure in the Soil Slope during the Rainfall (강우시 토사사면내의 간극수압변화에 관한 실험적 고찰)

  • Jeung, Eujung;Kim, Hongtaek;Jang, Hyunik;Kim, Kyungsuk;Kang, Inkyu
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2008
  • In this research, model tests have been performed for researching the seepage characteristics in the finite soil slope during the rainfall using a manufactured rainfall simulator. On the basis of the results, it has been analyzed how to change the seepage characteristics due to the duration time of rainfall. We are found that the pore-water pressure was gradually increased as increasing the duration time of rainfall. Specially, at the beginning of rainfall, the pore-water pressure in the middle surface of slope was measured larger than any point. As increasing the duration time of rainfall, the pore-water pressure at the inner part of slope was increased greatly at the collapse due to infiltrating the pore-water within the slope. In the research, it was not easy to get various test results because measuring instruments are high sensitivity and difficult to handle. For the future, the model test results are needed for the various slope angle.

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Interaction between Raindrops Splash and Sheet Flow in Interrill Erosion of Steep Hillslopes (급경사면의 세류간 침식에서 빗물튀김과 면상흐름의 상호작용)

  • Nam, Myeong Jun;Park, Sang Deog;Lee, Seung Kyu;Shin, Seung Sook
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.48 no.7
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    • pp.595-604
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    • 2015
  • Interrill erosion by the rainfall is divided into a detachment of soil particles by raindrop splash when raindrops having kinetic energy strike on the surface soil and a sediment transport by sheet flow of surface runoff. Rainfall kinetic energy is widely used as an indicator expressing the potential ability to separate the soil particles from soil mass. In this study, the soil erosion experiments of rainfall simulation were operated to evaluate the effects of rainfall kinetic energy on interrill erosion as using the strip cover to control raindrop impact. The kinetic energy from rainfall simulator was 0.58 times to that of natural rainfall. Surface runoff and subsurface runoff increased and decreased respectively with increase of rainfall intensity. Surface runoff discharge from plots of non-cover was 1.82 times more than that from plots with cover. The rainfall kinetic energy influenced on the starting time of surface and subsurface runoff. Soil erosion quantity greatly varied according to existence of the surface cover that can intercept rainfall energy. Sediment yields by the interaction between raindrop splash and sheet flow increased 3.6~5.9 times and the increase rates of those decreased with rainfall intensity. As a results from analysis of relationship between stream power and sediment yields, rainfall kinetic energy increased the transport capacity according to increase of surface runoff as well as the detachment of soil particles by raindrop splash.

Sediment Erosion and Transport Experiments in Laboratory using Artificial Rainfall Simulator

  • Regmi, Ram Krishna;Jung, Kwansue;Nakagawa, Hajime;Kang, Jaewon;Lee, Giha
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.13-27
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    • 2014
  • Catchments soil erosion, one of the most serious problems in the mountainous environment of the world, consists of a complex phenomenon involving the detachment of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport, storage and overland flow of rainfall, and infiltration. Sediment size distribution during erosion processes appear to depend on many factors such as rainfall characteristics, vegetation cover, hydraulic flow, soil properties and slope. This study involved laboratory flume experiments carried out under simulated rainfall in a 3.0 m long ${\times}$ 0.8 m wide ${\times}$ 0.7 m deep flume, set at $17^{\circ}$ slope. Five experimental cases, consisting of twelve experiments using three different sediments with two different rainfall conditions, are reported. The experiments consisted of detailed observations of particle size distribution of the out-flow sediment. Sediment water mixture out-flow hydrograph and sediment mass out-flow rate over time, moisture profiles at different points within the soil domain, and seepage outflow were also reported. Moisture profiles, seepage outflow, and movement of overland flow were clearly found to be controlled by water retention function and hydraulic function of the soil. The difference of grain size distribution of original soil bed and the out-flow sediment was found to be insignificant in the cases of uniform sediment used experiments. However, in the cases of non-uniform sediment used experiments the outflow sediment was found to be coarser than the original soil domain. The results indicated that the sediment transport mechanism is the combination of particle segregation, suspension/saltation and rolling along the travel distance.

EFFCTS OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS

  • Mostaghimi, Saied;Bruggeman, Adriana C.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 1993.10a
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    • pp.984-993
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    • 1993
  • land application of sewage sludge requires careful monitoring because of its potential for contamination of surface water and groundwater. A rainfall simulator was used to investigated the effects of freshly applied sludge on runoff of sediment and nutrients from agricultural crop lands. Rain was applied to 16 experimental field plots. A three run sequence was used to simulate different initial moisture conditions. Runoff, sediment and nutrient losses were monitored at the base of each plot during the simulated rainfall events. Sludge was surface applied and incorporated at conventionally -tilled plots and surface applied at no-till plots, at rates of 0, 75, 150 kg-N/ha. No-till practices greatly reduced runoff, sediment , and nutrient losses form the sludge treated plots, relative to the conventional tillage practices. Incorporation of the sludge was effective in reducing nutrient yields at the conventionally-tilled plots. This effect was more pronounced during the third rain torm, with wet initial conditions. Peak loadings of nutrients appeared during the rainstorm with wet initial conditions.

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Soil Detachment by Single and Multiple Waterdrops (우적(雨滴)에 의한 토양(土壤) 침식(侵蝕))

  • Miller, W.P.;Kim, Kye-Hoon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 1995
  • Single-drop splash/detachment studies and multiple-drop splash/detachment experiments were carried out to measure detachment by single and multiple drops. A raindrop tower 7.0 m in height was used to study soil splash by single drop raindrop impact over time on repacked soil samples in containers 76.2 mm in diameter. The waterdrop diameter and kinetic energy were 4.1 mm and $1.22{\times}10^{-3}$ J $drop^{-1}$, respectively. The samples consisted of five agricultural topsoils sieved to <2 mm, varying from sandy loam to clay loam in texture. The average weight of splashed soil particles after 75 drops did not show any significant difference between the five soils. The average weight of particles splashed by the first 15 drops showed that the sandy Pelham soil splashed to a greater degree than the others, and was therefore more detachable (p=0.05) than the other soils. The average weight of particles splashed by the last 15 drops also showed that the Pelham soil was the most detachable, with Cecil, Appling, Dyke, and Worsham soils being progressively less detachable. The effect of multiple drops on detachment was studied under a nozzle-type rainfall simulator at 74.9 mm $h^{-1}$ intensity for 85 min using the same soils as the single drop experiments. The total soil splash value for 85 min on Appling, Cecil, Dyke, Pelham, and Worsham soils were 6121, 6206, 4183, 5160, and 3247 g $m^{-2}$, respectively. There were no obvious relationships between soil loss measured from the different experiments.

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Characteristics of Landslide Occurrence and Change in the Matric Suction and Volumetric Water Content due to Rainfall Infiltration (강우침투에 의한 산사태 발생 및 모관흡수력과 체적함수비의 변화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Won-Gyo;Choi, Junghae;Chae, Byung-Gon;Song, Young-Suk
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.475-487
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    • 2017
  • We performed landslide flume tests to analyze characteristics of landslide occurrence and change in the ground materials due to rainfall infiltration. The test apparatus is composed of flume, rainfall simulator, and measurement sensors and landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall (Intensity=200 mm/hr) sprinkled at the above of an artificial slope. The measurement sensors for matric suction and volumetric water content were installed with 3 sets at shallow (GL-0.2 m), middle (GL-0.4 m), and deep depth (GL-0.6 m) in the slope and the tests were performed with in-situ, loose, and dense condition of each weathered soils of granite, gneiss, and mudstone. The analyses show that surface erosion was dominant in initial time of the test due to heavy rainfall and then landslides occur following locally happened transverse tension cracks. The characteristics of landslide were both shallow failure because of a spread of wetting front induced by the rainfall infiltration and retrogressive failure. While the matric suction was decreased rapidly without any precursor in the soil saturation, the volumetric water content was increased gradually, reached its maximum value, and then decreased rapidly with landslide.

Development of Intelligent Rain Sensing Algorithm for Vision-based Smart Wiper System (비전 기반 스마트 와이퍼 시스템을 위한 지능형 레인 센싱 알고리즘 개발)

  • Lee, Kyung-Chang;Kim, Man-Ho;Lee, Seok
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.10 no.7
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    • pp.649-657
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    • 2004
  • A windshield wiper system plays a key part in assurance of driver's safety at rainfall. However, because quantity of rain and snow vary irregularly according to time and velocity of automotive, a driver changes speed and operation period of a wiper from time to time in order to secure enough visual field in the traditional windshield wiper system. Because a manual operation of wiper distracts driver's sensitivity and causes inadvertent driving, this is becoming direct cause of traffic accident. Therefore, this paper presents the basic architecture of vision-based smart wiper system and the rain sensing algorithm that regulate speed and interval of wiper automatically according to quantity of rain or snow. Also, this paper introduces the fuzzy wiper control algorithm based on human's expertise, and evaluates performance of suggested algorithm in the simulator model. Especially the vision sensor can measure wider area relatively than the optical rain sensor, hence, this grasps rainfall state more exactly in case disturbance occurs.