• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1980

Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of carious lesions of 4 patients on mitis-salivarius agar medium. Three patients known to harbor S. mutans in their dental plaques. Identification of the isolated S. mutans was established by colonial morphology on mitis-salivarius agar medium, the fermentation of mannitol and sorbitol, and confirmed by agglutinating reaction with home made anti-S. mutans NCTC 10449 (serotype c) antiserum. Of the isolated S. mutans, one strain (P2-1) showed strong agglutinating reaction with antiserum, another strain (P1-2) showed weak agglutinating reaction. P2-1 strongly adhered to the wall of the test tube containing 5% sucrose broth, while p1-2 weakly colonized on the wall of the test tube. Biotyping of the isolated S. mutans based on the fermentation of mannitol, sorbitol, raffinose and melibiose, and the production of ammonia from L-arginine, and the inhibition of acid production by bacitracin. Biochemical characteristics of P2-1 strain correlated with the recognized biotype c, pl-2 strain resembled biotype d of S. mutans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2007

An extracellular exoinulinase($2,1-\beta-D$ fructan fructanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.7), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose, was purified 23.5-fold by ethanol precipitation, followed by Sephadex G-100 gel permeation from a cell-free extract of Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-1. The partially purified enzyme exhibited considerable activity between pH 5 to 6, with an optimum pH of 5.5, while it remained stable(100%) for 3 h at the optimum temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. $Mn^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ produced a 2A-fold and 1.2-fold enhancement in enzyme activity, whereas $Hg^{2+}\;and\;Ag^{2+}$ completely inhibited the inulinase. A preparation of the partially purified enzyme effectively hydrolyzed inulin, sucrose, and raffinose, yet no activity was found with starch, lactose, and maltose. The enzyme preparation was then successfully used to hydrolyze pure inulin and raw inulin from Asparagus racemosus for the preparation of a high-fructose syrup. In a batch system, the exoinulinase hydrolyzed 84.8% of the pure inulin and 86.7% of the raw Asparagus racemosus inulin, where fructose represented 43.6mg/ml and 41.3mg/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

In order to increase the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM) as an animal feed, Bacillus subtilis TP6, a previously isolated strain from an Indonesian traditional fermented soybean food, Tempeh, was used as a starter organism for solid-state fermentation. In the pre-treated SBM with water content of 60% (v/w), B. subtilis TP6 was grown to a maximum viable cell number of $3.5{\times}10^9CFU/g$. Compared to control, crude protein in Bacillus fermented SBM was increased by 16%, while raffinose, stachyose, and trypsin inhibitors were reduced by 31, 37, and 90%, respectively. The Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that proteins in the fermented SBM were remarkably hydrolyzed into smaller molecular masses, resulting in a decrease in large sized proteins. Our data suggested that B. subtilis fermentation could increase the nutritive value of SBM through reduction of anti-nutritive factors and improvement of protein quality by hydrolysis of soy protein. In addition, B. subtilis TP6 produced a functional ingredient, poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid which has various health benefits.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.442-453
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the main food components between Korean and imported quinoa from Peru, the U.S., and Thailand. Proximate composition of Korean quinoa showed highest crude protein and crude ash, while Korean quinoa had lowest moisture. Total amino acid content was higher in Korean quinoa than in imported quinoa. Fatty acid content was highest in quinoa cultivated in the U.S. and Wonju. Quinoa cultivated in Wonju was rich in palmitic acid, lignoceric acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, erucic acid, and nervonic acid. Mineral content was higher in Korean quinoa than in imported quinoa. Quinoa cultivated in Wonju showed highest contents of P, Mg, Zn, while quinoa cultivated in Hongcheon showed the highest content of Na. Citric acid was found the major organic acid in quinoa. Citric acid content was highest in quinoa imported from the U.S. and lowest in quinoa cultivated in Hongcheon. Among free sugar, raffinose and glucose contents were highest in quinoa cultivated in Hongcheon, The results of this study show Korean quinoa has high contents of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and free sugar, offering essential amino acids in an excellent balance.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of safflower seeds cultivated at some areas in Korea. Safflower was used as one of the functional foods and medicinal plants for many centuries. Porximate compositions of safflower seeds were moisture, 4.8~8.1%, crude protein 16.5~19.5%, crude ash 2.7~3.3%, curde fiber 38.5~43.4%, and crude fat 16.6~24.4%, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine were the major amino acids and their contents were 2,587.4~3,143.5 mg%, 1,315.8~1,654.8 mg%, and 1,171.9~1,484.2 mg%. K, P, Ca, and Mg were major minerals and their contents were 611.6~886.3 mg%, 501.5~596.7 mg%, 208.5~641.2 mg%, and 530.6~639.5 mg%, respectively. The free sugars that were identified include raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose. ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was 0.14~3.82 mg%. Contents of vitamin C was 0.43~3.39 mg%. The safflower seeds fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid it's content was 74.8~82.9%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.363-366
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• 2000

The sequences of the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA from seven Sporobolomyces species, Bensingtonia subrosea, and Rhodosporicium toruloides were determined and compared with those from representatives of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, and Sporidiobolus. The five species of Sporobolomyces analyzed were distantly related to a monophyletic clade consisting of species of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae. Sporobolomyces falcatus was found to be closely related to Tremella exigua. The members of Sporidiobolaceae and Sporobolomycetaceae were divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of Leucosporidium scottii and two Rhodotorula species, and group 2 contained three Rhodotorula species. Group 3 was designeate as the Sporobolomyces/Sporidiobolus core group, as it contained Sporidiobolus johnsonii, the type species of Sporidiobolus and the teleomorphic state of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor (the type species of Sporobolomyces). Group 4, named the Rhodotorula/Rhodosporidium core group, included Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodotorula glutinis, the type species of the genera Fhodosporidium and Rhodotorula, respectively. The four groups were differentiated on the basis of their physiological characteristics including the assimilation of D-glucosamine, glucuronate, 2-keto-gluconate, L-arabinitol, raffinose, methyl-$\alpha$-glucoside, and satrch. The taxonomy of the genera Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, and Sporobolomyces will require a major revision when more data becomes available.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.354-360
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• 1997

This study was intended that the biochemical patterns, bioserological characteristics, resistance of antibiotics, and transferable resistance patterns of 35 Dscherichia coli strains from 79 fish and shellfish samples in marine markets from August to October, 1995. The Standard plate count, coliforms and fecal coliforms were also counted in the 79 cases and analysed the correlationship each other. Geometric means of Standard plate count in seawater fish, shellfish, mollusca and crustacean were 1.4$\times$105 CFU/g, 4.0$\times$105 CFU/g, 2.4$\times$105 CFU/g, 4.7$\times$105 CFU/g, and those of coliforms were 1.3$\times$103 CFU/g, 4.8$\times$103 CFU/g, 8.9$\times$102 CFU/g, 5.8$\times$103 CFU/g. There were no fecal coliforms in the fish and mollusc. However, the geometric means of coliforms in the shellfish and crustacean (1.1$\times$101 CFU/100g, 10 CFU/100 g) were less than those of fish and mollusca. The important biochemical characteristics of E. coli distinguished from the shellfish and crustacean were motility, ornithine decarboxylase, mucate, esculin. The fermentative properties of E. coli were also sucrose, salicin, sorbitol, and raffinose. Of 35 isolates of E. coli, 13 strains (37.1%) showed the pathogenic O antisera, which were O:27 3 strains (23.1%), ):159 2 strains (15.4%) and ):148, O:119, O:142, O:158, O:136, O:18, O:128, and O:168 1 strain (7.7%),respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.507-513
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• 1997

두부순물에 함유되어 있는 유용성 물질을 분리·농축하고자 한외여과법을 행하고 그 효율성을 분석하였다. 재생섬유소막과 polysulphone막 모두 pH가 증가할수록 막투과 속도가 감소하였고, pH 3.5에서 한외여과 효율이 가장 높게 나타났다. EDTA를 0.01 M 처리한 두부순물의 경우, 처리하지 않은 것보다 오히려 막투과 속도가 감소하였다. 또한 pH가 증가할수록 두부순물의 이온성 칼슘의 농도가 감소하여 이온성 칼슘의 농도 또한 막투과 속도에 영향을 준다고 생각되었다. Polysulphone막의 경우 용적농축비가 10일 때 COD의 막 제거계수가 79.25%, 단백질 막 제거계수가 98.42%로 나타나 정화효과와 농축액으로의 단백질 농축효과가 컸으며 , 재생섬유소막은 단백질의 막제거 계수는 polysulphone막보다 낮았으나 당을 여과액쪽으로 회수하고자 할 때 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 올리고당을 여과액쪽으로 회수하고자 할 때 라피노오스와 스타키오스의 농도를 상대적으로 높이기 위해서 polysulphone막보다 재생섬유소막이 더 적당하며, 용적농축비는 4배 정도가 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-314
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• 1992

역삼투 방법을 이용한 두부순물의 정화시 역삼투 잔사의 활용 가능성을 검토하기 위해 두부순물 농축물의 성분 특성 및 분리 단백질의 기능성을 조사하였다. 두부순물의 역삼투 잔사 농축물에는 자당, 라피노오스 및 스타치오스가 건물 중으로 각각 32.59%, 4.76% 및 9.99% 함유되어 있었고, 무기물중 칼륨이 5.23%로 회분의 42.7%를 점하였다. 또한 조단백질 함량은 18.69%이었으며 아미노산 조성 및 전기영동상의 sub-unit 양상은 분리 콩단백질과 다소 차이를 보였다. 한편 두부순물로부터 분리한 단백질의 기능성중 pH에 따른 용해도는 분리 콩단백질에 비해 전반적으로 다소 높은 값을, 유화능과 유화안정성 및 점도는 분리 콩단백질보다 비교적 낮은 값을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 1990

장려품종 콩 19종에 함유된 몇 가지 영양저해 인자의 함량과 리폭시게나아제의 역가를 조사하였다. 복부팽만인자인 라피노오스와 스타키오스의 함량은 각각 $0.74{\sim}1.58%\;3.34{\sim}5.30%$ 범위이었으며 힐, 백운, 장백 등의 품종에서 이 두 종류 당의 합량이 높았다. 콩에 함유된 트립신 저해제는 $21.2{\sim}37.0mg$ TI/g, 피트산 형태로 존재하는 인은 건물 100g 당 $337{\sim}605mg$ 정도로 품종에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. 한편, 콩에 함유된 리폭시게나아제의 역가는 $163.6{\sim}403.5unit$로 팔달, 장백, S-133등의 품종이 높은 값을 나타내었다.