• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2011

The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside $Rb_1$-glycine and ginsenoside $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rg_1$-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of $Rb_1$-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rg_3$, 20(R)-$Rg_3$, $Rk_1$ and $Rg_5$ by heat-processing. $Rg_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rh_1$, 20(R)-$Rh_1$, $Rk_3$ and $Rh_4$ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rb_1$-glycine and $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already significantly increased when dried at $50^{\circ}C$, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identified that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.16.1-16.2
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• 2017

Doronicum Hookeri of family Asteraceae is an important medicinal drug distributed in Himalayas at Lachen and Tungu, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet between 12,000 to 14,000 ft. Its roots are widely used as folk medicine and are commonly known as "Darunaj-aqrabi" in Unani and as "Leopard's bane" in English. Roots are traditionally used as a constituent of, act as a stomachic and dissolves trapped gases. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of D. hookeri roots have been previously reported. The methanolic extract of root part possessed higher phenolic content and thus higher free radical scavenging and reducing activities. The methanolic extract of this plant showed scavenging and antioxidant activities in DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picryhydrazy) radical scavenging assay.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1156-1159
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity of hot water extracts of various parts, the leaf, stem, and root of Synurus deltoides was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including total phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and xanthine oxidase (XOI) activities. The various antioxidant activities were compared with the standard antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Among the different plant parts, stem has been found to possess the highest activity in all tested model systems, the activity decreased in the order stems>roots>leaves. These results indicate that stem extract could be used as potential source of natural antioxidant.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1601-1605
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• 2004

질경이를 새로운 기능성 식품소재로 활용하기 위한 일환으로 차전초의 메탄을 추출물을 각종 용매를 이용하여 계통$.$분획한 후 DPPH 라디칼 소거효과, 환원력, 아질산염 소거효과 및 항균활성에 대하여 조사하였다 DPPH 라디칼 소거효과는 분획물 중 에틸아세테이트와 부탄을 분획물(400 $\mu$g/5 mL)에서 60% 이상 높은 라디칼 소거율과 금속에 대한 강한 환원력을 나타낸 반면, 물, 클로로포름 및 헥산 분획물은 낮은 소거효과를 나타내었다. 질경이의 각 분획물을 농도별로 첨가한 아질산염 소거효과는 에틸아세테이트와 부탄올 분획물 500 $\mu$g 첨 가시 70∼80% 이상 높은 아질산염 소거효과를 나타내었다. 항균활성은 에틸아세테이트, 클로로포름 및 부탄을 분획물 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 경우 Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus 및 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 등의 그람양성 및 음성균 모두 강한 항균효과를 나타내었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb commonly found in moist places on the banks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic 'Rasayana' drug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studied for DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity along with lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity inhibition using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay. HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations $(200-1000\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against 1,1 diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%), hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt to be very effective antioxidant. It was suggested that the varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in the part due to the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 질병치료와 예방의 목적으로 사용되어온 약용식물 10종을 선정하여 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 약용식물의 총 페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 화피 추출물이 320.10 mg/g, 갈근이 153.93 mg/g으로 높게 나타났으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 화피 추출물이 226.25 mg/g, 황금 추출물이 101.98 mg/g으로 높았다. 약용식물 중 가장 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타낸 시료는 화피로 $IC_{50}$ $5.39{\mu}g/mL$를 나타냈으며, 그 다음으로 헛개나무($IC_{50}$ $24.87{\mu}g/mL$), 오가피($IC_{50}$ $27.79{\mu}g/mL$) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아질산 소거 활성 측정결과 헛개나무가 $IC_{50}$ $173.96{\mu}g/mL$, 화피 추출물이 $IC_{50}$ $167.94{\mu}g/mL$로 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. $Superoxide^-$ 라디칼 소거능과 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거능에서는 화피와 오가피가 유의적으로(p<0.001) 높은 소거능을 보였다. 환원력에 대한 흡광도 값을 측정한 결과는 10종의 약용식물 중에서 화피 추출물이 2.72의 흡광도를 나타내어, 양성대조군인 비타민C의 3.04과 비교해도 크게 뒤떨어지지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 화피, 헛개나무, 오가피 추출물은 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높고, 항산화 활성도 높게 나타나 식품첨가물 및 식품보존제 등 기능성 소재로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2017

4종의 식용 조류, 참김(Porphyra tenera), 미역(Undaria pinnatifida), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 잎파래(Enteromorpha linza)의 에탄올 추출물에 대해 ABTS+ 소거활성, 하이드록시 라디칼(OH), 산화질소(NO), 철 이온 환원력(FRAP)을 조사하였다. ABTS+ 소거활성은 Brand-Williams 등의 방법에 따랐다. 톳의 ABTS+ 소거활성은 8.0 mg/ml 일 때 61.8%로 가장 높은 반면 잎파래는 동일 농도에서 35.7%로 가장 낮았다. 참 김과 미역은 ABTS+에 대해 유사한 활성 저해를 나타내었다. 하이드록시 라디칼의 저해활성은 톳 > 참김 > 미역 > 잎파래 순이었다. 산화질소는 8.0 mg/ml 추출물일 때 톳 > 참김 > 미역 > 잎파래 순이었다. 3.5% 소금과 4종의 조류 추출물을 첨가한 밀가루 반죽을 국수틀에 뽑아낸 후 5분간 끓였을 때 전반적으로 4개의 산화제에 대해 활성저해가 저하되었다. 톳 8.0 mg/ml를 첨가한 국수의 경우 산화질소 활성저해는 27.2%였다. 미역 8.0 mg/ml을 첨가한 국수는 철 이온 환원력이 31.5%였다. 종합적으로 톳 추출물이 ABTS+, OH, NO, FRAP에 대해 활성저해가 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과 자연적으로 분포하는 참김, 미역, 톳, 파래가 국수의 항산화력 증진에 도움을 준다고 사료되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.814-822
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• 2011

We studied the antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of gelatin jelly prepared with different amounts (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) of Rehmannia Radix Preparata (RRP) concentrate. The moisture content of the control group was 61.62%, and the acidity and pH were 3.68 and 1.96%, respectively. The reducing sugar content of the jellies ranged from 10.83% to 13.1% (from 35.0 $^{\circ}Brix$ to 37.0 $^{\circ}Brix$). The acidity of the control group was the lowest, followed in order by the 0.25% RRP, 0.50% RRP, and 0.75% RRP groups. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the Hunter color system decreased with increasing RRP concentrate, whereas the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness increased with increasing concentrate. The total phenol content was the highest in 0.75%. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging were the highest with the 0.75% group ($IC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity: 85.42 mg/mL for 0.75%, 484.25 mg/mL for control; $IC_{50}$ value of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity: 54.42 mg/mL for 0.75%, 135.54 mg/mL for control). The sensory evaluation results showed that overall preference and texture were the highest in the 5% addition group. From these results, it was suggested that the optimum amount of RRP concentrate to add to jelly is 0.50%.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2017

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of functional beverage concentrates containing herbal medicine extracts (FBCH) using various antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenolic content of FBCH (81.45 mg/100 g) was higher than Ssanghwa tea (SHT, 37.56 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activities of FBCH showed 52.92% DPPH and 55.18% ABTS radical scavenging activities at 100 mg/mL, respectively. FBCH showed significantly higher antioxidant activities compared to the SHT (DPPH, 23.43%; ABTS, 22.21%; reducing power optical density; 0.23, P<0.05). In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner following FBCH treatment. These results suggest that the addition of herbal medicine extract contributes to the improved functionality of beverage concentrates.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the useful components and potential antioxidant activities of 30 marine algae, collected from Jeju Island in Korea. The contents of bioacitve substance of extracts from marine algae, such total polyphenol and carbohydrate, were determined. The extract of Distromium decumbens had the highest amount of total polyphenol content (21.27%), and that of Gracilaria incurvata Okamura had the highest amount of total carbohydrate content (10.18%). The antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from algae were tested through the evaluation of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts of Distromium decumbens, Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C.Agardh, Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and Acrosorium yendoi Yamada were found to have more than 80% DPPH radical scavenging activity and that of Dictyota okamurae (Dawson) $H{\ddot{o}}tning$, Schnetter, et Prud'homme van Reine, Myagropsis myagroides (Martens ex Turner) Fensholt, Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and Cladophora wrightiana Harvey showed more than 50% hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that algae collected from Jeju Island would be good raw materials for antioxidant.