• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.214-219
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• 2005

As part of Korean retinal prosthesis project, we have provided preliminary experimental results regarding voltage parameters for the stimulation of chemically degenerated rabbit retina. Since our APB-treated chemically degenerated retina is only ON-pathway blocked, now we switch our experiments to more appropriate retinal degeneration model, genetically degenerated retina model (RD mouse: rd/rd (C3H/HeJ)). Before studying with RD mouse, we started control experiments with normal SD rat to understand characteristics of retinal ganglion ceil activity with postnatal maturation in rodents. Ganglion cell activities were recorded with 8${\times}$8 multi-electrode array. Moving spontaneous bursts appeared until postnatal day of 15. During pre-eye opening period, no light evoked response appeared. After postnatal day of 2 weeks (post-eye opening period), ON-, OFF- and ON/OFF response appeared. The fractional distributions of ON, OFF, and ON/OFF ganglion cell is about $40\%,\;50\%$, and $5\%$. The percentage ($\%$) of light evoked response in each dorso-temporal, ventral, and dorso-nasal area of eye is about $50\%,\;37.5\%$ and $12.5\%$, respectively. We concluded that the optimal period for experiment in rodent is about postnatal day of 2${\~}$3 weeks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.812-820
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted on 190 progeny (winter -74; summer -59; rainy -57) of 12 Grey Giant rabbits (10 female +2 males), to assess the effect of different seasons in a year, on their reproductive, growth and productive performances along with feed efficiency, under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions. The daily meteorological attributes recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons, and analysed were minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Various biological parameters recorded were doe weights at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, kit mortality, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, weekly body weight up to 98 d and weaner mortality. Individual weight gains, dressing percentages, meat weights, liver weights, raw-pelt weights, processed pelt weights and processed pelt areas at slaughter on d 84 and 98, respectively were also recorded. The feed and fodder compositions and their nutritive values during different seasons were also analysed. Average ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were $13.2{\pm}2.8$, $22.4{\pm}3.7$ and $24.8{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall for winter, summer and rainy seasons were $68.9{\pm}1.5$% and $48{\pm}26.6$mm, $66.3{\pm}4.8$% and $125.6{\pm}56.8$ mm, and $77.3{\pm}1.3$% and $116.3{\pm}90.4$ mm, respectively. The weight of doe at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth and litter size at weaning were comparatively higher whereas litter weight at weaning was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter as compared to summer and rainy seasons. The kit mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while the weaner mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during rainy season. At 84 d, the live weight per doe, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and liver weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than summer and rainy. Similarly, the gain in weight and meat weight at 84 and 98 d were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter. The weight of raw pelt and processed pelt were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while no difference in the area of processed pelts during different seasons could be observed. No difference in the biological performance could be observed between sexes in any of the seasons. Roughage analysis revealed comparatively higher crude protein percent and lower crude fibre percent during summer and rainy seasons than in winter. The roughage dry matter intake was comparatively higher during summer and rainy seasons vis-a-vis constant amount of concentrate supplied during all the three seasons. The digestibilities of dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) lower, whereas that of crude fiber, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were negative during winter. Interestingly, the feed:gain was exceedingly well during winter than in other seasons and it is concluded that it was the best season for production of rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of cerebral blood flow measurement applied to perfusion weighted image with short-scan time single shot gradient echo-planar technique in measuring cerebral blood volume(rCBV) of normal rabbits. Materials and methods : With 2.1-3.6 kg weighted rabbits, image is acquired when they are in supine position in children positioner. Perfusion weighted image is acquired to 44 seconds per 1 second successively. After 4 seconds later, Gd-DTPA 2ml are injected into int. jugular vein with 2 ml per second and normal saline is also injected after that. Same technique is applied 2 times per 30 minites in same rabbit. After Image is obtained in two part of cerebral cortex at vertex, convexity, in one of basal ganglia with choosing about $3-5{\textrm{mm}^2}$ areas. Curve of signal intensity changes in time sequence is drawn. After this images are transmitted by PC and software IDL, regional cerebral blood volume is measured with imaging processing program made by us. Results : With 22 of 24 rabbits, satisfactory 1-2 signal intensity versus time curve is made. Cerebral blood capacity and contrast media stay time (ST) is measured in two cerebral cortex and basal ganglia refering in parietal cerebral cortex. Mean focal cerebral blood flow capacity ratio in cortex was $0.97{\pm}0.35$ and in basal ganglia, $0.99{\pm}0.37$, mean contrast media stay time in cortex was $9.83{\pm}1.63$ sec and in basal gaiglia, $9.42{\pm}1.14$ sec, but there was no statistically significant difference between two areas ($\rho$=0.05). Conclusion : In cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, there is no difference in mean focal blood volume and mean contrast stay time. Therefore, PWI is useful in cerebral blood flow and early diagnosis, prognosis of cerebral ischemic disease. Hereafter, it is helpful in analysing cerebral blood flow changes with comparison difference in rCBV between normal tissue and ischemic tissue, and that with DWI finding in infarcted patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major etiologic agent for pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sepsis among young children. Multi-drug resistant strains have raised great concern worldwide, thus the importance of prevention with vaccines has been emphasized. However, vaccines may force the appearance of pneumococcal infections by nonvaccine serotypes. Thus, distribution of pneumococcal serotypes should be monitored to estimate vaccine efficacy. We used a new and efficient multibead assay in determining pnemococcal serotypes. Methods : From January to February 2005, 643 children were recruited from ten day care centers to isolate pneumococci from their oropharynx. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed on 62 pneumococcal isolates from 60 children by multibead assay. This immunoassay required two sets of latex particles coated with pneumococcal polysaccharides and serotype-specific antibodies. Twenty four newly developed monoclonal antibodies specific for common serotypes and a pool of polyclonal rabbit sera for some of the less common serotypes were used. Results : The most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes were serotype 6A, 19A, 19F, 23F, and 11A/D/F which accounted more than 50 precent of all the 62 pneumococcal isolates. We found that multibead assay can be performed very rapidly and objectively. Conclusion : This multibead immunoassay was very useful in serotyping clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae because it was simple, reliable and fast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1320-1324
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• 2005

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an increasingly important food source and functional food. Platelet aggregation plays an important role in thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the anti-platelet aggregating effects of solvent extracts from Korean soybean varieties and isoflauone derivatives. Nine Korean soybean varieties were extracted by solvents (methanol and buthanol and their extracts was investigated for the inhibition against tile aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen or thrombin. Maximal inhibition of buthanol extracts against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $95\%$ in Black-kong and Jinpum - kong. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order : Black > Jinpum > Bokwang > Hwangkum > Pureun > Malli > Danbaek > Danyeob > Jangsu - kong. The Black - kong only seemed to produce the maximal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Total isoflavone content measured was Jinpum-kong ($1347.8{\mu}g/g$) and Black-kong ($918.7{\mu}g/g$). Maximal inhibition of isoflavone derivatives against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $97\%$ in genistein. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order: genistein>daidzein>genistin. The isoflavone derivatives did not affect the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. However, Black-kong cortex seemed to Produce the optimal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by collagen. These results suggest that Black-kong and Jinpum-kong may be a good source for antiplatelet agents, and their antiplatelet effect be related to tile content and the chemical structure with the number of -OH group and the attached glycoside in the isoflavone derivative.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1984

The effect of vanadate on the optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase was investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The optimum PH of Na-K-ATPase was shifted from PH 7.4 to 6.8 at 10 mM K by $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ vanadate. 2) The ratio of Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 6.8 and 7.4 increased with increasing vanadate concentration. 3) Inspite of the presence of $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ vanadate Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 6.8 below 50 mM $Na^+$, and the ratio of Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7,4 and 6.8 was higher than that of the control. 4) Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 6.8 below 7mM $K^+$. 5) Optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase activity was shifted from pH 7.4 to 6.8 by $10^{-5}M$ vanadate at 5 mM $K^+$. 6) $K^+$-pNPPase activity increased with lowering of pH, and the degree of inhibition of $K^+$-pNPPase activity by $10^{-7}$M vanadate was decreased with lowering of pH. These results suggest that vanadate shifts the optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase activity to more acidic PH than PH 7.4. This effect may not be caused by the decrease in the inhibitory potency of vanadate itself to Na-K-ATPase by the change of medium pH, but mainly by the alteration of Na-and K-binding site, which appears in the presence of vanadate only.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.217-234
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• 2005

혈소판 농축 혈장은 구강과 안면부 재건수술에 새로이 사용되는 유용한 첨가물이다. 혈소판은 상처 치유과정에서 매우 중요하며, 혈소판은 상처부위에 빠르게 도달하여 응고를 형성한다. 그리고 다양한 성장인자를 분비한다. 이러한 성장인자는 골의 형성과 혈관의 증가, 골 이식재의 치유에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 목적은 실험 동물을 통하여 혈소판 농축 혈장에 함유된 혈소판의 정량화를 통한 성장인자 함유량을 추정하고, 방사선학적, 조직학적 평가를 통해 혈소판 농축 혈장이 초기의 골형성에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가를 하는데 있다. 15마리의 가토 두개골에 6mm trephine bur(외경 8mm)를 이용하여 경뇌막의 손상을 주지 않도록 하면서 4개의 결손부를 형성하였다. 각각의 두개골 결손부는 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군, PRP만 이식한 군, PRP와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$를 혼합하여 이식한군, 그리고 아무것도 이식하지 않은 군을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 각각의 재료를 이식한 후 비흡수성 차폐막($Tefgen^{(R)}$)을 위치시키고 흡수성 봉합사로 일차봉합을 시행하였다. 각 군 당 술 후 1, 2, 4주의 치유기간을 설정하였다. 동물을 희생시키고 두개골을 절제하였다. 먼저 방사선학적인 골 밀도 측정을 시행하고, 조직학적 평가를 위해 통법에 따라 조직 표본을 제작한 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한 가토 귀 변연정맥에서 채취한 10 ml의 혈액을 원심분리하여 혈소판 함유량을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 혈소판 농축 혈장은 일반 혈액에 비해 약 4.02배 많은 수의 혈소판이 함유되어 있었다. 2. 방사선적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주 사이에 대조군과 비교하여 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군에서 골의 밀도는 큰 차이를 보이고 있다(p<0.01). 하지만, 동일한 시기에 PRP만 이식한 군과 대조군의 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 (p>0.05), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군과 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군의 차이 또한 발견할 수 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 조직학적 평가에서 모든 이식재는 시간이 경과할수록 골 형성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 대조군에 비해 PRP만 이식한 군에서 더 두꺼운 섬유성 결합을 보이고 있다. 대조군과 PRP만 이식한 군과 비교해 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군에서 골의 형성이 더 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군이 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군에서보다 더 많은 신생골 형성을 관찰할 수 있다. 이상의 결과에서 가토의 두개골 결손부에 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식하였을 경우 결손부의 초기 골 형성을 촉진 할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.199-216
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• 2005

치주치료의 가장 중요한 목적은 상실된 치주조직의 형태적, 기능적 재건이다. 법랑기칠 단백질 유도체(enamel matrix derivative: EMD)는 치주 병소에 사용시 상피세포의 증식을 억제하며 치주인대 및 백악아세포를 활성화시켜 무세포성 백악질 및 치주인대와 골조직의 생성을 유도한다고 보고되고 있다. 또한 법랑기질 단백칠 유도체는 골모세포의 증식 및 분화를 촉진시키며 alkaline phosphatase의 활성 및 mineralized nodule의 형성을 촉진시킨다고 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토끼 두개골 결손부에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체와 이종골 이식재를 이식한 후 골밀도를 방사선학적으로 분석하고, 신생골 형성 및 주변 조직 반응을 조직학적으로 관찰, 평가하고자 하였다. 토끼 두개골에 6mm trephine bur(외경 8mm)를 이용하여 경뇌막에 손상을 주지 않도록 하면서 4개의 결손부를 형성하였다. 아무것도 이식하지 않은 군을 음성 대조군으로, 이종골 이식재 ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland)을 이식한 군을 양성 대조군으로 설정하였다. 법랑기질 단백질 유도체 ($Emdogain^{(R)}$, Biora, Inc., Sweden)만 이식한 군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체와 이종골 이식재를 혼합하여 이식한 군을 설험군으로 설정하였다. 각각의 재료를 이식한 후 비흡수성 차폐막 ($Tefgen^{(R)}$, Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., U.S.A.)을 위치시키고 흡수성 봉합사로 일차봉합을 시행하였다. 각 군당 술 후 1, 2, 4주의 치유기간을 설정하였다. 동물을 희생시킨 후 두개골을 절제하여 먼저 방사선학적인 골밀도측정을 시행한 후 10% formalin에 고정한 후 통법에 따라 조직표본을 제작하여 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 1. 방사선학적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과 비교해 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군에서 더 큰 골의 밀도를 보이고 있었다 (P<0.01). 하지만, 동일한 시기에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과의 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 (P>0.05), 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군의 차이 또한 발견할 수 없었다 (P>0.05). 2. 조직학적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과 비교해 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한군에서 골의 형성이 더 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군이 대조군보다 2주에서 더 많은 신생골을 볼 수 있었으며, 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군이 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군보다 1, 2주에서 더 많은 신생골을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 법랑기질 단백질 유도체는 토끼 두개골 결손부 치유단계에서 초기 골 형성을 촉진하는 것으로 사료되며 골 이식시에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 적용하는 것은 유용한 술식으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 1998

Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of Re-188 sulfur colloid for radiation synovectomy and therapy of intraperitoneal metastasis. Materials and Methods: We investigated the labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid on various conditions. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was observed at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was measured by filtering with various pore size filters. Animal experiment was performed in mice and rabbits. Results: The labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid was $64.5{\pm}5.8%$ (n=5) at the conditions of sodium thiosulfate 40 mg, EDTA $Na_2.2H_2O$ 0.8 mg, $KReO_4$ 0.8 mg at pH 1. After purification, the radiochemical purity was higher than 99%. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was high (>99%) at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was 0.3% ($<1{\mu}m$), 11.2% ($1{\sim}5{\mu}m$), 25.8% ($5{\sim}10{\mu}m$) and 52.8% ($>10{\mu}m$). In mice, 1 h postinjection of Re-188 sulfur colloid into tail vein, uptakes in lung, liver and muscle were $37.30{\pm}5.36$, $32.33{\pm}1.79$, $6.60{\pm}0.02%$ ID/organ respectively. After i.p. injection in mice, the uptakes of extraperitonial organs of Re-188 sulfur colloid at 1 and 24 h were $0.1{\pm}0.1$, $0.4{\pm}0.1%$ ID/organ, and the excretions through urine and feces (${\sim}70 h$) were low ($2.68{\pm}0.80$, $0.95{\pm}0.17%$). When Re-188 sulfur colloid was injected to synovial space of rabbit, the uptake in other organs except knee was very low. Conclusion: Re-188 sulfur colloid showed high labeling efficiency, stability and potency for clinical use.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.8
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• pp.101-111
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• 1967

Daily doses of phenylmercuric acetate arranged in $30{\gamma}\;(group\;I)$, 3{\gamma}\;(group\;II)$ and $0.3{\gamma}\;(group\;III)$ were administered respectively to rabbits for 90 days. The chief histopathological changes in the organs and the analytical data on mercury residues in the excretion and liver were as follows. 1. Kidney: In group I, severe degrees of vacuolization and cloudy swelling were occurred in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules and severe cloudy swelling and coagulative necrosis were observed in the proximal straight tubules. There were many hyaline casts in the collecting tubules. In group II, moderate degrees of vacuolization and cloudy swelling were observed in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules and moderate cloudy swelling and coagulative necrosis were encountered in the proximal straight tubules. A little numbers of hyaline casts were located in the lumen of collecting tubules. In group III, slight degree of cloudy swelling were observed in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted and straight tubules. 2. Liver: In group I, cloudy swelling, fatty changes and coagulative necrosis were observed in the central zone of hepatic lobules. Dissociation of hepatic cell cords was encountered. Hyperplsia of hepatic cells were remarkable in group II. No Pathological changes were observed in group III. 3. Spleen: Deposition of hemosiderin pigment was prominant in group I and small amount of the pigment was observed in group II. There were no pathological changes in group III. 4. Adrenal, colon and heart: No pathological changes were detected in all 3 groups. 5. In an average about 76.5% of mercury was excreted from group I, 85.4% from group II and 79.8% from group III. 6. Mercury content in the liver was 0.0348 g in group I, 0.00378 g and 0.00066 g in group II and group III respectively. 7. In general, as to increased mercury doses the concentration of mercury accumulation in the liver became higher, how·ever, the accumulation quantity against a total amount of mercury doses showed an adverse trend. In other word, the quantity of mercury accumulation was not increased proportionately by higher dose of mercury.