• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 2016

In this paper, a system dynamics model for explaining the application, grant and maintenance of patents is provided. Existing literatures regarding the patent application system are mostly econometric approaches that consider only economic variables such as GDP and R&D. The model in this paper includes patent variables such as disputes as well as economic variables. Moreover, we show that the model can be used in not only a quantitative prediction but also policy experiment. The results of the policy experiment shows that strengthening protection of patents tend to increase the propensity to patent more than R&D investment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.170-177
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• 2020

The Korean government's R&D budget has risen steadily annually, reaching 24.2 trillion won in 2020, and the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP ranked high among OECD countries. However, national science and technology innovation ranked low among OECD countries. This study focused on Korean government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology by analyzing the effects of budget and workforce input on research performance in order to provide directions for management. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with budget and workforce input as independent variables, which influence major research outcomes (SCI paper, patent, royalty). In the research budget, only government contribution had a positive effect on SCI thesis performance, and the increase in the government project and private project funding had a negative effect on the number of patents and technology royalties. For the workforce, the positive effect of regular workers on all research achievements was 3-6 times more than that of non-regular workers. Through this study, policy implications such as establishment of institutional performance indicators according to research types were derived for the outcome driven management of government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.3-48
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• 2017

우리나라 연구개발(R&D) 투자는 2014년 기준 세계 6위, GDP 대비 총 연구개발비 비중은 4.29%로 세계 최고 수준으로 조사되었다. 또한 정부 R&D 예산은 지속적으로 증가하는 추세를 유지하고 있으며, 연구개발비 투자 규모 증대에 따라 국가과학기술역량의 양적 증대뿐만 아니라 질적 수준 또한 향상되고 있는 것으로 평가되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 연구성과의 활용 측면에서 기술사업화로 연계가 큰 폭으로 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 반면 R&D 예산 및 성과 활용의 양적 질적 증대가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 다수의 연구성과가 사업화로 연계되지 못하고 휴면 상태로 있다는 조사결과도 있다. 이에 본 연구는 막대한 예산, 특히 정부 R&D 예산 투입에 의하여 창출되는 연구성과가 기술이전뿐만 아니라 사업화까지로 연계될 수 있도록 영향을 미치는 요인을 선행연구 분석을 통해 도출하고, 각 요인 간 영향 및 기술사업화에 영향을 미치는 핵심요인에 대해 정량적 데이터 분석을 수행할 것이다. 본 연구는 기술의 이전 및 사업화에 관한 연구를수행함에 있어 결정주체, 정책/제도 등의 관점에서 분석한 정태적 접근과, 사업화 전체 프로세스의 관점에서 분석한 동태적 접근을 포괄하는 통합적인 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 본 연구결과는 산 학 연 및 정부의 기술이전 사업화 관련자들이 보다 종합적인 관점에서 효과적인 사업화 전략 수립을 통해 성과 확산에 기여하는데 정책 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.559-570
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• 2017

우리나라는 과거부터 현재까지 미래 성장동력 육성을 목표로 정부주도하에 국가 R&D 투자를 점진적으로 늘려왔다. 그 결과, 최근에는 GDP 대비 연구개발비 비중이 세계 최고 수준에 이르렀다. 이렇게 연구개발 예산의 양적인 확대와 함께 연구개발 예산의 효율적 활용은 더욱 중요한 과학기술 분야의 정책적 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 연구개발 예산의 효율적인 집행을 위해서는 R&D 사업의 유사 중복성의 검토가 필수적이지만, 대부분의 유사 중복성 검토는 전문가의 직관적인 판단에 근거하여 이루어져왔다. 하지만, 전문가의 직관에만 의지한 판단은 때로는 불명확하거나 잘못된 결과를 가져올 수도 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 네트워크 분석을 통해 정부 R&D 사업의 유사 중복성을 체계적으로 검토하기 위한 데이터기반의 방법론을 제안하여 전문가의 직관에 의한 유사 중복성 검토를 보완할 수 있는 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 먼저, 본 연구에서는 정부 R&D사업 유사영역의 전체적인 구조 및 형태와 국가과학기술연구회 소속 25개 정부출연연구기관 R&D사업의 유사영역의 전반적인 형태를 시각화하여 유사영역을 파악하고 직관적인 판단과 선택을 할 수 있는 의사결정 정보를 제공하는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해, NTIS의 2015년 데이터를 사용하여 과제 키워드 기반으로 동시단어출현 분석을 수행하였다. 본 분석을 통해 25개 기관의 세부적인 유사연구영역 형태를 제시하였으며, 국내의 과학기술정책적 또는 과학기술학적인 현상들을 시각화하였다. 그 결과, 국내 출연연 R&D사업이 기관별 고유영역이 확고히 보이는 Mode 1적인 형태와 사회경제적인 맥락과 필요 및 유망성을 따르고, 다학제적, 적용중심적이며 과제별로 다양한 과제수행기관들이 과제들을 동시에 수행하는 Mode 2적인 형태가 출연연의 R&D사업 내에 공존하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-62
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of the two most important indicators of a nation's state of scientific infrastructure: R&D investment and the number of R&D researchers engaged in high-tech product export competitiveness for a panel of 11 countries/economies from East Asia from 1994 to 2010. A GMM panel estimation method was employed to account for the dynamic effect of trade and to control for un-observed country specific effects that may arise due to an inter-country differences and intra-country dynamics. Accordingly, the empirical results reveal that (once controlled for the influence of per capita income) physical capital and infrastructure, a 1% increase in a country's expenditure on the ratio of R&D to GDP may increase high-tech product export performance by approximately $397 million per year. Other factors constant, a 1% increase in the number of R&D researchers is expected to increase the ability to export high-tech products by approximately $67 million. The East Asian development experience demonstrates how latecomers can follow systematic industrialization and join the handful of economies that have come a long way toward closing the knowledge gap with the global technological leaders. However, this does not mean that the policy approaches and overall commitments pursued by each East Asian economy in relation to R&D investment and acquisition of an adequate pool of researchers, and their ultimate achievements in high-tech product export competitiveness were uniform. As a result, there is still a significant variation among countries/economies in terms of performance. This study recommended a number of potential tools and policy instruments that may assist policy makers to foster R&D as an engine to enhance the high-tech product export competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.311-328
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• 2017

최근 국가 R&D예산은 매년 지속적으로 증가하여 투자규모 세계 6위, 국내총생산(GDP)대비 세계 1위에 해당되며, 그 중 연구장비 구축의 투자규모는 매년 평균 6.4%정도로 주요 선진국에 비해 비교적 높은 수준을 기록하고 있다. 그러나 국가 R&D예산으로 구축된 연구장비의 대부분을 외산장비가 차지할 정도로 국산장비의 국내시장 점유 및 신규 진입 모두가 극히 저조한 실정이다. 실제 2015년 12월말, NTIS(National Science & Technology Information Service) 기준으로 지난 10년 동안 공공시장에 구축된 전체 50,271점 연구장비 중 국산은 불과 33%, 외산은 67%에 해당된다. 그 주요 원인으로는 국내 제조사의 기술력과 자체 개발제품의 미흡, 국내 장비산업의 재무구조 취약, 고가첨단장비의 제조 및 생산 부재 등이 거론되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위해선 국내 제조사가 생산하는 연구장비에 대한 공공시장의 수급 현황과 국내시장에 유통되는 국산장비의 경제성, 시장성 등을 종합적으로 분석하여 국내 연구장비 산업의 발전 전략을 도출하고, 국가 정책적 지원체계를 마련하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구는 지난 10년간 한국 정부가 투자한 연구장비의 구축정보를 기반으로 국내 공공 시장을 제조국가, 제조사, 장비유형, 구축건수, 구축금액 등 다양한 측면에서 세분화한 후 제조사 및 장비유형별 시장규모(수요)와 시장점유의 수준(x-y)을 통계적으로 분석하고, BCG매트릭스 방법론과 마이클포터의 경쟁전략 이론을 적용하여 R&D정책 수립에 필요한 전략적 시사점 및 세부 방안을 도출하였다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2016

In this paper, as a determining factor of the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we analyzed the impact of technological innovation. In this paper, in order to empirically validate the role of technological innovation to an inverted U-shaped Environments Kuznets Curve hypothesis, we utilize the 2SLS considering relationship between R&D and the GDP per capita. Also, using the Panel VAR (Panel Vector Auto Regression) model to analyze with what time lag R&D per capita has impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases per capita. Empirical results show that R&D per capita(proxy of innovation) is a important factor to explain Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, and that the external shock such as R&D per capita reduces greenhouse gas emissions per capita with about 3 time lag.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.300-308
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to classify determinants of cost increases into two categories, negotiable factors and non-negotiable factors, in order to identify the determinants of health care expenditure increases and to clarify the contribution of associated factors selected based on a literature review. Methods: The data in this analysis was from the statistical yearbooks of National Health Insurance Service, the Economic Index from Statistics Korea and regional statistical yearbooks. The unit of analysis was the annual growth rate of variables of 16 cities and provinces from 2003 to 2010. First, multiple regression was used to identify the determinants of health care expenditures. We then used hierarchical multiple regression to calculate the contribution of associated factors. The changes of coefficients ($R^2$) of predictors, which were entered into this analysis step by step based on the empirical evidence of the investigator could explain the contribution of predictors to increased medical cost. Results: Health spending was mainly associated with the proportion of the elderly population, but the Medicare Economic Index (MEI) showed an inverse association. The contribution of predictors was as follows: the proportion of elderly in the population (22.4%), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (4.5%), MEI (-12%), and other predictors (less than 1%). Conclusions: As Baby Boomers enter retirement, an increasing proportion of the population aged 65 and over and the GDP will continue to increase, thus accelerating the inflation of health care expenditures and precipitating a crisis in the health insurance system. Policy makers should consider providing comprehensive health services by an accountable care organization to achieve cost savings while ensuring high-quality care.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2012

As the influence of service industry into domestic economy is increasing, it also has been influenced more powerfully at the domestic GDP(Gross Domestic Product) relative importance and employment relative importance continuously. By means of these reason, the Korean government announced the synthetic countermeasure for strengthening the competitive power of service industry in December, 2006. After then, it announced phase I of 'service industry advancing plan' which is concrete execution plan in April, 2008. Also, it is announced to announce phase II plans in september, 2008 and phase III plan in December, 2008 additionally. Service quality is the most powerful competitive means at service marketing and a key point for improving service productivity. The improvement of service quality has considerable influence on survival and profitability of service industry. Therefore, the study of objective service quality measurement in service industry is very important issue. The purpose of this study is to suggest a measurement model of service quality using fuzzy theory and AHP which measuring service quality objectively in subjective environment. It is expected that this study will help the improvement of competition power of service industry as well as establishment of effective decision-making.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.59-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to conduct the empirical analysis of the short- and long-term causal relationship between public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, and university R&D investment on economic growth in Korea. To this end, based on the time series data from 1976 to 2020, a causality test was conducted through the unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model (VECM). As a result, it was found that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth in Korea, public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, and university R&D investment, in which a causal relationship exists in the long run. Also, while public R&D investment has a short-term effect on economic growth, corporate and university R&D investment does not have a short-term effect on economic growth. In addition, the results shows that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment and public R&D investment, and university R&D investment and public R&D investment in the short term. Through this research, it was empirically found that a highly mutual relationship exists between public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, university R&D investment and economic growth. In order to increase the ripple effect of R&D investment on economic growth in the future, R&D investment between universities and corporations should be mutually promoted, and R&D investment by corporations should have a positive effect on public R&D investment so that public R&D investment can contribute to future economic growth.