• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Daedon($LR_1$) Supplementation and Eumgok($KI_{10}$) Draining on changes of cerebral blood flow in normal rats. Methods : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in normal rats are observed, and those mechanisms were also investigated with pre-treatment of indomethacin (IDM) and methylene blue(MTB) each. Results : In this study, $LR_1$ supplementation and $KI_{10}$ draining elevated level of rCBF after 30 min, but MABP level was lowered at 30 min, then recovered toward normal level. Pre-treatment with indomethacin (IDM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively, and pre-treatment with methylene blue(MTB), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, also inhibited increase of rCBF levels. On the other hand pre-treatment with IDM or MTB did not affect MABP levels. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that $LR_1$ supplementation and $KI_{10}$ draining can increase rCBF, and the mechanisms are thought to be related to both of cyclooxygenase and Guanylate cyclase pathways.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2002

CheonghunHwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CheonghunHwadam-tangGamypang(CHTG) was CHT adding Aurantii Fructus(AF), Gastrodae Rhizoma(GR). The effects of CHT on the cerebral blood flow and cardiacvascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTG on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(BP), cardiac muscle contractile force(CMF), heart rate(HR). The changes of cerebral blood flow and movement of cardiacvascular system(BP, CMF, HR) was determinated by Laser-Doppler Rowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows; 1. CHT extract increased rCBF, but decreased BP, HR in a dose-dependent manner. 2. AF extract accelerated rCBF and movement of cardiacvascular system in a dose-dependent manner. 3. GR extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.05) as well as accelerated BP and rCBF in a dose-dependent manner. 4. CHTG extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.01) in a dose-dependent, but was not changed movement of cardiacvascular system. This results suggest that CHTG is significantly treated more than CHT in vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.701-706
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• 2002

CheonghunHwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTS was CHT adding Schizonepetae Herba. The effects of CHTS on the cerebral blood flow and blood pressure is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHTS on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(BP), action-mechanism of CHTS-induced changed-rCBF and BP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHTS extract was increased significantly rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed BP compared with CHTS non-treated group. Pretreatment with propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue were inhibited CHTS induced increase of rCBF, propranolol(all CHTS-treated group) and indomethacin(CHTS 0.01 mg/kg) of them were significantly decreased. Pretreatment with propranonol and indomethacin were inhibited CHTS induced increase of BP, but pretreated with methylene blue was significantly accelerated BP in high dosage. This results suggest that CHTS increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter and the action of CHTS is also mediated by adrenergic β -receptor and cyclooxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebo-tang (SDT) and Gamy-Sibjeondaebo-tang (GST, Sibjeondaebo-tang adding Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu) on the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and in the rats with cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and further to determine the mechanisms. And, It was to investigate the effects of the SDT and GST with the change of histologic examination through the BDNF in the hippocampus CA1. In changes of cerebral hemodynamics, SDT and GST significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner but decreased MABP in normal rats. In mechanism of cerebral hemodynamics, Increase of GST-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and Decrease of GST-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene. These results suggested that the action of GST was mediated by guantlate cyclase pathway. In cerebral ischemics, the rCBF was stably improved by SDT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and stably increased by GST (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrast with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. These results suggested that GST had anti-ischemic action in cerebral ischemic state. In histological examination through TTC stain, Sample A group and Sample B group decreased discoloration in the cortical part at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, Sample A group and Sample B group increased respondent effect at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. These results suggest that GST can Increase rCBF in normal state, as well as improve the stability of rCBF in cerebral ischemic state. Furthermore, methylene blue inhibitor study suggested the mechanism of blood flow enhancement by GST may be mediated by guanylate cyclase pathway.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2003

Jaeumgenby-tang(JGT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo caused by deficiency of qi(氣) and blood(血). Effect of Aurantii Fructus(AF) take off the phlegm by promoting the circulation of qi, Gastrodae Rhizoma(GR) has effects treating for headarch, vertigo by calming the liver and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver-yang (陽). I investigated whether injection of JGT adding AFㆍGR extract(JTG) affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) in cerebral ischemia rats by MCA occlusion method, and I designed to make manifest whether JTG is mediated by adrenergic β-receptor, cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF was determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the changes of PAD was determinated by video microscope and width analyzer. The results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats; The changes of rCBF and PAD were increased stabilizly by treatment with JTG(10 ㎎/kg, i.v.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, and pretreatment with propranolol and indomethacin were increased JTG induced increase of rCBF and PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment methylene blue was decreased JTG induced increase of rCBF and PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, JTG causes a diverse response of rCBF and PAD, and action of JTG is mediated by adrenergic β-receptor and cyclooxygenase. I suggest that JTG has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Objectives: SimJeok-Hwan(CP, Cardiotonic Pills) was made to treat patients with coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on Proliferation rates neuroglia cells and protective effect of CP against oxidative stress, and also investigate the effects on regional Cerebral Blood Flow(rCBF) in normal rats. Methods: In this experiment, effects of CP on proliferation rates of neuroglia cells were measured using modified MTT methods. Oxidative stress was induced by treatment with 200 mM of hydrogen peroxide for 2 hr. rCBF and MABP were measured using Laser doppler flowmeter. Results: Treatment with CP elevated proliferation rates in C6 cells. In addition, CP protected cell death of C6 cells induced by oxidative stress. In results, rCBF was elevated by treatment with CP in normal rats. But, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure(MABP) did not affected by CP. In addition, the elevation of rCBF was blacked by pre-treatment with 1 mg/kg of indomethacin effectively. On the other hand, pre-treatment with 0.01 mg/kg of methylene blue did not affect rCBF level in normal rats. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that CP can act as anti-oxidant to protect neuroglia cells and also suggest that CP can elevate rCBF, which are involved in cyclooxygenase pathway.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.285-293
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• 1998

Yuldahansotang(YH) has been used in Sasang(四象) constitution medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effect of YH on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of YH on blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter of rats. 1. Blood pressure decreased by YH in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by YH in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol, methylene blue and indomethacin significantly inhibited YH induced increase in rCBF. 5. Blood pressure increased by Radix Puerariae(RP) and Radix Ligustici Tenuissimae(RLT) but Radix Scutellariae(RC) decreased blood pressure in rats. 6. rCBF was increased by RP and RLT in a dose-dependent manner but RC decreased low dosage, and RC increased high dosage. 7. Pial arterial diameter was increased by YH in a dose-dependent manner. 8. Pretreatment with propranolol significantly inhibited the increased in pial arterial diameter induced by YH. These results suggest that YH causes a diverse response of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter. The increase in rCBF is also mediated by prostaglandins, cyclic GMP and adrenergic ${\beta}$ receptor and the increase in pial arteral diameter is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}$ receptor.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Lumbricus extract(LE) on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in ischemic rats, further to determine the mechanism of action of LE, and the effects that LE inhibits lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in brain cells. Methods and materials : This study, ischemic rats were divided into total four group: control group(n=6), experimental group I (LE treated group)(n=6), experimental group II(LE treated group after pretreatment with indomethacin)(n=6), experimental group III(LE treated group after pretreatment with methylene blue)(n=6). And the measurement that LE inhibits LDH activity in the damage to brain cells to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA). The changes of rCBF were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and LDH activity was determinated by microplate reader in vitro. Results : 1. The rCBF was significantly improved by LE(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, compared with the control group. 2. The rCBF was significantly increased by LE after pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, during the period of cerebral reperfusion, compared with the LE group, and rCBF was accelerated by LE after pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.) an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase during the period of cerebral reperfusion, compared with the control group. 3. LE significantly inhibited LDH activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : From the above results, these were suggested that Lumbricus had anti-ischemia action in connection with cyclooxygenase and might prevent the brain cells death through inhibited LDH activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.92-111
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• 2002

Objective : Carthami Flos has been used as a herb to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis in oriental medicine for many centuries, and Amun(GV15) has been used as a meridian point to treat apoplexy etc. To investigate treatment of cerevral vascular disease(CVA) by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(活血化瘀法), we observed the experimental effects and mechanism of auqa-acupunture of Carthami Flos(ACF) injected into GV15 on cerevral hemodynamics and cardiovascular system of rats. Method : Aqua-acupuncture of Carthami Flos(ACF) was injected into GV15, and then we investigated experimental effects and mechanism of ACF on the cerebral hemodynamics[regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), meal arterial blood pressure(MABP)] and cardiovascular system[cardiac muscle contractile force(CMF), heart rate(HR)I by pretreatment with methylene blue(MTB) and indomethacin(IDN). The changes in rCBF, MABP, CMF and HR were tested by Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in PAD was determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. Results :The results were as follows in normal rats ; The changes of rCBF and PAD were significantly increased by ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in a injected time-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by ACF. The changes of cardiovascular system were increased by ACF in a injected time-dependent manner. And pretreatment with MTB was significantly inhibited ACE induced increase of rCBF and PAD, and was decreased ACF induced increase of HR. And pretreatment with IDN was increased ACF induced MABP and CMF. And the results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats ; The changes of rCBF was increased stabilizly by treatment with ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with MTB was increased ACF induced increase of rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. The results were as follows in normal rats ; The changes of rCBF and PAD were significantly increased by ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in a injected time-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by ACF. The changes of cardiovascular system were increased by ACF in a injected time-dependent manner. And pretreatment with MTB was significantly inhibited ACF induced increase of rCBF and PAD, and was decreased ACF induced increase of HR. And pretreatment with IDN was increased ACF induced MABP and CMF. And the results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats ; The changes of rCBF was increased stabilizly by treatment with ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with MTB was increased ACF induced increase of rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion Conclusions : In conclusion, ACF causes a diverse response of rCBF, PAD an HR, and action of ACF is mediated by cyclic GMP. I suggested that ACF has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics in a transient cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2004

Objective : Carthami Flos has been used as a herb to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis in oriental medicine for many centuries. To investigate treatment of cerebral vascular disease(CVA) by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(活血化瘀法), we observed the experimental Effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Carthami Flos on the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Rats. Method : When aqua-acupuncture of Carthami Flos(ACF) was injected into LI4, Liv3, B23, B62, GV16, experimental effects of ACF on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. Therefor, this study was designed to investigate the effects of ACF on the change of cerebral hemodynamics. The changes of rCBF and MABP were tested by Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). Results : When ACF was injected into LI4, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into Liv3, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into B23, change of rCBF was significantly increased in a injected time-dependent manner, MABP did not change. When ACF was injected into B62, change of rCBF was increased in a injected time-dependent manner, change of MABP was significantly decreased after injection 60min. When ACF was injected into GV16, change of rCBF and MABP were similar to the change of normal. Conclusions : In conclusion, I suggested that ACF(LI4, Liv3) has an effect that depress the blood pressure & cerebral hemodynamic acceleration and ACF(B23, B62) has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics.