• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2022

Life table-related studies in insect ecology have been an interesting topic for insect researchers. Two calculation methods are commonly applied to estimate the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) in the life table statistics. The first method is to estimate an approximate r_m by dividing the natural logarithm of the net reproductive rate (R₀) by mean generation time (T) (namely mean generation time-based method). Another approach is to apply the Lotka-Euler equation derived from the population growth equation of Lotka-Volterra to estimate accurate r_m using the maximum likelihood method (Lotka-Euler equation-based method). In the latter case, there is a difference in the estimated r_m value when the initial age class of the target cohort was set to "0" or "1", which confused the application. In this short review, a brief history of the calculation process of the life table was reviewed. It was again confirmed in the Lotka-Euler equation-based method that the form of $\sum\limits_{x=1}^{w}e^{-rx}l_xm_x=1$ should be applied to estimate r_m when the first age class was set to zero, while the form of $\sum\limits_{x=0}^{w}e^{-r(x+1)}l_xm_x=1$ when set to one.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

In this study, to improve the connection performance between the existing reinforced concrete (R/C) frame and the strengthening member, we proposed a new H-section steel frame with elastic pad (HSFEP) system for seismic rehabilitation of existing medium-to-low-rise reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings. This HSFEP strengthening system exhibits an excellent connection performance because an elastic pad is installed between the existing structure and reinforcing frame. The method shows a strength design approach implemented via retrofitting, to easily increase the ultimate lateral load capacity of R/C buildings lacking seismic data, which exhibit shear failure mechanism. Two full-size two-story R/C frame specimens were designed based on an existing R/C building in Korea lacking seismic data, and then strengthened using the HSFEP system; thus, one control specimen and one specimen strengthened with the HSFEP system were used. Pseudodynamic tests were conducted to verify the effects of seismic retrofitting, and the earthquake response behavior with use of the proposed method, in terms of the maximum response strength, response displacement, and degree of earthquake damage compared with the control R/C frame. Test results revealed that the proposed HSFEP strengthening method, internally applied to the R/C frame, effectively increased the lateral ultimate strength, resulting in reduced response displacement of R/C structures under large scale earthquake conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

Purpose Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a biologic marker of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), produced by normal thyroid tissue or thyroid cancer tissue. Therefore, the Tg values of DTC patients is the most specific indicator for judging whether recurrence occur or whether the remaining thyroid cancer is present. Thyroid cancer is currently the most common cancer in Korea, of which 90% is differentiated thyroid cancer. The number of patients with thyroid disease of this application also increased, and an accurate and prompt results are required. However, the incubation time of the Tg commonly takes about 24 hours in our hospital, and the result reporting time is delayed, and We could not satisfied with the requirements of clinical departments and patients. In order to fulfill these requirements, experiments were conducted by shortening the incubation time between company B's Kit currently in use and company C's Kit used in other hospitals. Through these experiments, we could perform the correlation with the original method and shortening method, and could find the optimum reaction time to satisfy the needs of the departments and the patients, and we will improve the competitiveness with the EIA examination. Materials and Methods In September 2016, we tested 65 patients company B's kit and company C's kit by three incubation ways. First method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr/2hr, Second method RT shaking 3hr/2hr, Third method 1hr/1hr shaking at $37^{\circ}C$. Fourth method RT shaking 3hr method which is the original method of Company C's Kit. Fifth method, the incubation time was shortened under room temperature shaking 2hr, Sixth method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr. And we performed and compared the correlation and coefficient of each methods. Results As a result of performing shortening method on company B currently in use, when comparing the Original method of company B kit, First method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr/2hr was less than Tg 1.0 ng/mL and the ratio of $R^2=0.5906$, above 1.0 ng/mL In the value, $R^2=0.9597$. Second method RT shaking 3hr/2hr was $R^2=0.7262$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9566$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Third method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 1hr/1hr was $R^2=0.7728$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.8904$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Forth, Company C's The original method, RT shaking 3hr was $R^2=0.7542$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, and $R^2=0.9711$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Fifth method RT shaking 2hr was $R^2=0.5477$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9231$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Sixth method $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr showed $R^2=0.2848$ less than value of 1.0 ng/mL, $R^2=0.9028$ above than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Conclusion Samples with both values of 1.0 ng/mL or higher in both of the six methods showed relatively high correlation, but the correlation was relatively low less than value of 1.0 ng/mL. Especially, the $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 2hr method of company C showed a sharp fluctuation from the low concentration value of 1.0 ng/mL or less. Therefore, we are planning to continuously test the time, equipment, incubation temperature and so on for the room temperature shaking 2hr method and $37^{\circ}C$ shaking 1hr/1hr of company C which showed a relatively high correlation. After that, we can search for an appropriate shortening method through additional experiments such as recovery test, dilution test, sensitivity test, and provide more accurate and prompt results to the department of medical treatment, It is competitive with EIA test.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.931-939
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• 2011

In practice, thresholds are determined by the two subjective assessment methods in a generalized pareto distribution of mean extreme function(MEF-graph) or Hill-graph. To remedy the problem of subjectiveness of these methods, we propose an alternative method to determine the threshold based on the robust statistics. We compared the MEF-graph, Hill-graph and our method through VaRs on the Korean stock market data from January 5, 1987 to August 3, 2009. As a result, the VaR based on the proposed method is not much different from the existing methods, and the standard deviation of VaR for our method was the smallest. The results show that our method can be a promising alternative to determine thresholds of the generalized pareto distributions.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2007

purpose: This study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic by removable method of temporary cement on the abutment tooth. Material and Method: Sixty molar teeth of human with the occlusal surface up were mounted in acrylic resin blocks. The 45 specimens were prepared to exposure dentin by diamond bur and the eugenol-containing temporary cement($Cavitec^{TM}$ ($KERR^{(R)}$, U.S.A)was applied to the dentin surfaces. After initial removal of the cement with a dental explorer, the specimens were divided into 4 groups of 15 specimens each. The dentin surfaces of the specimens were treated by rotary instrument with as follow pastes: $Zircate^{(R)}$ prophy paste(Dentsply, U.S.A), Radent Prophy Paste(Pascal company,inc. U.S.A), and Dental pumice(Wip mix corporation,U.S.A). An adhesive resin luting agent(Variolink $II^{(R)}$, Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein) including Monobond-S and $Excite^{(R)}$ was applied to all specimens. The ceramic specimens were made with an A1 ingot of IPS Empress $II^{(R)}$ (Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein). After the specimens were stored in distilled water for 48hr, the shear bond strength(MPa) was measured by a Universal testing machine(Zwick 145641, Zwick, Germany) at a 1mm/min cross-head speed. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: In all group, there were no significant differences in comparison with the control group(p>0.05). The pattern of most failure showed the mixed type of cohesive and adhesive failure. Conclusion: Resin bond strength of IPS Empress $II^{(R)}$ was not affected by removal method of the temporary cement.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2879-2882
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• 2003

Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) is a representative symptom of sleep disorder which is caused by airway obstruction. OSA is usually diagnosed through the laboratory based Polysomnography(PSG) which is uncomfortable and expensive. In this paper, the detection method for OSA events, using ECG, has been developed. The proposed method uses the ECG data sets provided from Physionet. The features for OSA events detection are the average and standard deviation of 1 minute R-R interval, power spectrum of R-R interval and S-pulse amplitude from data sets. These features are applied to the input of Neural Network. To evaluate the method, we used the another ECG data sets. And we achieved sensitivity of 89.66％, specificity of 95.25％. So, we can know that the features proposed in this paper are important to detect OSA.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.193-196
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• 1995

An algorithm using topological mapping has been developed for a real-time detection of the QRS complexes of ECG signals. As a measurement of QRS complex energy, we used topological mapping from one dimensional sampled ECG signals to two dimensional vectors. These vectors are reconstructed with the sampled ECG signals and the delayed ones. In this method, the detection rates of CRS complex vary with the parameters such as R-R interval average and peak detection threshold coefficient. We use mean, median, and iterative method to determint R-R interval average and peak estimation. We experiment on various value of search back coefficient and peak detection threshold coefficient to find optimal rule.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-70
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• 2009

In this letter, a parametric analysis of the Fresnel-field antenna measurement method is performed for a square aperture. As a result, the optimum number of Fresnel fields for one far-field point is guided as $M_{opt}=N_{opt}=D^2/{\lambda}R+5$, where D is the antenna diameter, ${\lambda}$ is the wavelength, and R is the distance between the source antenna and the antenna under test. For the aperture size 5 ${\leq}$ $L_x/{\lambda}$ ${\leq}$ 20, the tolerable distances for gain errors of 0.5 dB and 0.2 dB can be guided as $R_{0.5\;dB}$ ${\approx}$ $1.2Lx/{\lambda}$ and $R_{0.2\;dB}$ ${\approx}$ $2.0L_x/{\lambda}$, where $L_x$ is the lateral length of the square aperture. The tolerable distances for 20 ${\leq}$ $L_x/{\lambda}$ ${\leq}$ 200 are also proposed. This measurement guideline can be fully utilized when performing the Fresnel-field antenna measurement method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.1000-1002
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• 1999

In this study, we were developed to provide a method for evaluating insulation systems for mold transformers with high-voltage ratings greater than 600V, in order to establish a uniform method for determining the temperature classification of mold transformer insulation system by testing rather than by chemical composition. Since these procedures are considered to be new, and have been tested exhaustively, further testing may prove the need for future revisions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1512-1516
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• 1994

FLIC(Fluid in cell) method has been used for analyzing a cold gas flow field in an interrupter of a circuit treater since 1970s. In this paper FLIC method is applied to calculation of a cold gas flow and then combined with the simple are analysis method in order to investigate the flow field characteristics in a puffer type interrupter rated at 145kV 40kA. The results for a cold gas flow agree with the experimental measurement well. The other results such as pressure rise, arc temperature, post-arc current and so forth am also reasonable and show the possibility that the combined program can be applied to the design of UHV interrupters.