• Title/Summary/Keyword: r-값

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Study on Hashing of CD-R Media from the Viewpoint of Digital Forensics (디지털 포렌식 관점에서 CD-R 미디어의 해쉬 값 생성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jung-Heum;Kim, Kwon-Youp;Lee, Sang-Jin;Lim, Jong-In
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.167-170
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    • 2008
  • 해쉬 알고리즘은 디지털 포렌식 수사에서 디지털 증거의 무결성을 증명하기 위해 널리 사용되고 있다. 디지털 증거의 무결성은 동일한 데이터에서만 같은 해쉬 값이 계산된다는 성질에 의하여 증명된다. 일반적으로 동일한 데이터에 대한 해쉬 값은 서로 다른 포렌식 툴을 이용해서 계산을 해도 항상 같은 값이 출력될 것이라고 인식하고 있다. 하지만, CD-R 미디어의 경우에는 해쉬를 계산하는 포렌식 툴에 따라 값이 다르다는 특성이 있다. 이것은 해쉬 값이 CD 제작 도구에서 CD-R 미디어에 데이터를 기록하는 방식과 각 포렌식 툴 별로 CD-R 미디어를 인식하는 방식에 의해 영향을 받기 때문이다. 이러한 특성은 CD-R 미디어의 무결성 증명 시에 문제가 될 여지가 있기 때문에 디지털 포렌식 수사 절차에서 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 CD-R 미디어의 해쉬 값에 영향을 주는 요소에 대해 기술하고, 실험용 CD-R 미디어를 제작하여 대표적인 디지털 포렌식 도구들을 이용해서 확인한다. 이를 통해, 디지털 포렌식 수사 절차에서 CD-R 미디어에 대한 해쉬 값을 계산할 때 고려해야 할 사항을 제안한다.

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대량의 연관규칙에서 의미있는 패턴 추출 기법

  • 이진용;문현정;우용태
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.13-15
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 연관규칙 탐사에서 발견된 대량의 패턴 중에서 의미있는 패턴을 효과적으로 추출하기 위한 텍스트마이닝 기법을 제시하였다. Agrawal 등이 제안한 R-interesting 값을 수용하여 의미있는 패턴을 추출하기 위한 방법이다 대량의 연관규칙중에서 특정 분야에서 추출된 패턴의 빈도수와 다른 분야의 빈도수의 비율에 따른 $\chi$$^2$값의 A셀에 대한 기여도와 R 값을 비교한 결과 빈도수가 같더라도 다른 분야에 나타나는 비율이 높을수록 기여도와 R 값은 낮게 나타났다. 또한 특정 분야에만 나타나는 패턴에 대해서 빈도수에 따른 기여도와 R 값은 빈도수가 높을수록 기여도는 높아지고 R 값은 변화가 없었다. 이 결과를 이용하여 R 값이 같은 경우 빈도수가 높은 순으로 의미있는 패턴을 추출할 수 있었다.

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Marine Reservoir Corrections $({\Delta}R)$ for Southern Coastal Waters of Korea (한국 남부 연안해역의 탄소동위원소연대 보정)

  • KONG, GEE SOO;LEE, CHI WON
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.124-128
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    • 2005
  • Marine reservoir correction $({\Delta}R)$ values are measured using two species of mollusk tests collected by NFRDI in 1942 before nuclear bomb testing to convert the radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters more accurately. The ${\Delta}R$ values are calculated to be $-117\pm45\;^{14}C\;yr$ in the southwestern coast of Korea and $-160\pm35\;^{14}C\;yr$ in southeastern coast. These values are similar to those in Chinese coast of the Yellow Sea $(-81\pm60\~-178\pm50\;^{14}C\;yr$, indicating that regional reservoir $^{14}C$ ages of these areas are lower than mean global reservoir $^{14}C$ age. The lower ${\Delta}R$ values in these areas are presumed to be mainly caused by influence of fresh-water inflow. The ${\Delta}R$ values presented In this study enhance the accuracy in converting radiocarbon age to calendar age in Korean coastal waters.

Estimation of VaR Using Extreme Losses, and Back-Testing: Case Study (극단 손실값들을 이용한 VaR의 추정과 사후검정: 사례분석)

  • Seo, Sung-Hyo;Kim, Sung-Gon
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.219-234
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    • 2010
  • In index investing according to KOSPI, we estimate Value at Risk(VaR) from the extreme losses of the daily returns which are obtained from KOSPI. To this end, we apply Block Maxima(BM) model which is one of the useful models in the extreme value theory. We also estimate the extremal index to consider the dependency in the occurrence of extreme losses. From the back-testing based on the failure rate method, we can see that the model is adaptable for the VaR estimation. We also compare this model with the GARCH model which is commonly used for the VaR estimation. Back-testing says that there is no meaningful difference between the two models if we assume that the conditional returns follow the t-distribution. However, the estimated VaR based on GARCH model is sensitive to the extreme losses occurred near the epoch of estimation, while that on BM model is not. Thus, estimating the VaR based on GARCH model is preferred for the short-term prediction. However, for the long-term prediction, BM model is better.

Electrohydrodynamic Treatment of the Shape and Stability of Liquid Metal Ion Sources (액체금속 이온 소오스의 모양과 안정도에 대한 전자유체역학적 연구)

Regional optimization of an atmospheric correction algorithm for the retrieval of sea surface temperature from Korean Sea area using NOAA/AVHRR data (NOAA/AVHRR 자료를 이용한 한반도 주변해역에서의 해수면온도 추출을 위한 지역적인 대기보정 알고리즘의 적용)

  • Yoon, Suk;Ryu, Joo-Hyung;Ahn, Yu-Hwan;Won, Joong-Sun
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.164-169
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    • 2008
  • 한국해양연구원에서 수신한 자료인 NOAA 12, 16, 17, 18호등의 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) 센서자료와 국립조사원에서 제공하는 해양실측자료인 정선 관측 자료를 이용하여 두 가지의 알고리즘 적용을 통하여 비교 및 분석을 해보고자 한다. 연구 기간은 2006년 1월부터 4월 자료 중 구름의 영향이 없는 영상에서 실측자료와 동일한 날짜 총 107개의 정점 값을 추출하였다. 위성 자료에서 해수면 온도 추출방법은 split window 방법으로, 고정계수 값을 사용하는 linear algorithm(MCSST), nonlinear algorithm(NLMCSST)을 이용하였다. 연구 지역은 동해, 황해, 남해 지역에 대한 지역별로 두 알고리즘을 비교 적용하였다. 전 해역의 값을 이용하여 위성자료와 실측자료를 비교 분석한 결과 linear algorithm방법의 평균 오차 값은 0.71$^{\circ}C$이고 상관도는 1%이고, nonlinear 방법의 오차 값은 0.35$^{\circ}C$ 상관도는 1%로 나타났다. 해역별로는 linear한 알고리즘을 적용하여 동해는(ES)는 R=1, 오차 값은 0.37$^{\circ}C$ 황해(YS)는 R=0.99 오차 값은 0.125$^{\circ}C$ 남해(SS)는 R=0.99 오차 값은 1.2$^{\circ}C$보였다. nonlinear한 알고리즘을 적용하여 동해는(ES)는 R=1, 오차 값은 0.4$^{\circ}C$ 황해(YS)는 R=0.99 오차 값은 0.13$^{\circ}C$ 남해(SS)는 R=0.99 오차 값은 0.82$^{\circ}C$의 결과를 보여 주었다. 동해와 황해지역은 linear한 알고리즘을 적용한 결과가 실측자료와의 오차 값이 작았고, 남해지역은 linear한 알고리즘을 적용한 결과보다 nonlinear 알고리즘을 적용한 것이 작은 오차 값을 보여주었다. 이는 남해 해역의 자료가 대기의 상태나 다른 영향을 받아 해수면온도 값이 추정된 것으로 보여 진다. 해역별로 최적화된 알고리즘을 적용하여 해수면온도의 산출을 통해서 위성자료의 정밀도 지구환경변화 모니터링 등 많은 연구에 위성자료의 활용이 증대될 것으로 기대한다.

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Noise-robust electrocardiogram R-peak detection with adaptive filter and variable threshold (적응형 필터와 가변 임계값을 적용하여 잡음에 강인한 심전도 R-피크 검출)

  • Rahman, MD Saifur;Choi, Chul-Hyung;Kim, Si-Kyung;Park, In-Deok;Kim, Young-Pil
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.126-134
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    • 2017
  • There have been numerous studies on extracting the R-peak from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, most of the detection methods are complicated to implement in a real-time portable electrocardiograph device and have the disadvantage of requiring a large amount of calculations. R-peak detection requires pre-processing and post-processing related to baseline drift and the removal of noise from the commercial power supply for ECG data. An adaptive filter technique is widely used for R-peak detection, but the R-peak value cannot be detected when the input is lower than a threshold value. Moreover, there is a problem in detecting the P-peak and T-peak values due to the derivation of an erroneous threshold value as a result of noise. We propose a robust R-peak detection algorithm with low complexity and simple computation to solve these problems. The proposed scheme removes the baseline drift in ECG signals using an adaptive filter to solve the problems involved in threshold extraction. We also propose a technique to extract the appropriate threshold value automatically using the minimum and maximum values of the filtered ECG signal. To detect the R-peak from the ECG signal, we propose a threshold neighborhood search technique. Through experiments, we confirmed the improvement of the R-peak detection accuracy of the proposed method and achieved a detection speed that is suitable for a mobile system by reducing the amount of calculation. The experimental results show that the heart rate detection accuracy and sensitivity were very high (about 100%).

Inference of RMR Value Using Fuzzy Set Theory and Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques (퍼지집합이론 및 뉴로-퍼지기법을 이용한 RMR 값의 추론)

  • 배규진;조만섭
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.289-300
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    • 2001
  • In the design of tunnel, it contains inaccuracy of data, fuzziness of evaluation, observer error and so on. The face observation during tunnel excavation, therefore, plays an important role to raise stability and to reduce supporting cost. This study is carried out to minimize the subjectiveness of observer and to exactly evaluate the natural properties of ground during the face observation. For these purpose, fuzzy set theory and neuro-fuzzy techniques in artificial intelligent techniques are applied to the inference of the RMR value from the observation data. The correlation between original RMR vague and inferred RM $R_{_FU}$ and RM $R_{_NF}$ values from fuzzy set theory and neuro-fuzzy techniques is investigated using 46 data. The results show that good correlation between original RMR value and infected RM $R_{_FU}$ and RM $R_{_NF}$ value is observed when the correlation coefficients are |R|=0.96 and |R|=0.95 respectively. From these results, applicability of fuzzy set theory and neuro-fuzzy techniques to rock mats classification is proved to be sufficiently high enough. enough.

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Validation of Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis based on the Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance analysis in the Elderly Population (분절임피던스를 기준한 분절다주파수 생체임피던스의 일치도 분석)

  • Tang, Sae-Jo;Kim, Jang-Hee;Eom, Jin Jong;Eom, Sunho;Kim, Hakkyun;Kim, Chul-Hyun
    • Journal of Platform Technology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2021
  • A frequently used bioimpedance analytical method in Korea is the segmental multi-frequency BIA (SMF-BIA) method, but it is not directly determined at a segmented impedance. This study was to compare SMF-BIA determinations with direct segmented determinations for accuracy and appropriateness of segment parameters. This study is to compare the segment parameters, accuracy and appropriateness of the multi-frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis. To this end, 108 elderly individuals were measured. Segmented bioelectrical measurements obtained from a SMF-BIA (Inbody S10) at 50 kHz and measured with a phase sensitive single frequency device (SF-BIA, bia-101, RJL / akern systems) were compared. The significant difference (%) was demonstrated between single - and multiple frequency determinations of the right upper limb (R = 35.5 ± 6.2%, P < 0.001; Xc = 2.7 ± 7.6%, P < 0.01), left upper limb difference (R= 33. 9 ± 6.0%, P < 0.001; Xc = 2.8 ± 8.3%, P < 0.01), right lower limb difference (R = 18.6 ± 4.3%, P < 0.001; Xc = 25.8 ± 10.0%, P < 0.001), left lower limb difference (R = 18.0 ± 4.7%, P < 0.001; Xc = 31.8%). Of the results determined with the two BIA methods, the impedance measurements of the limbs and whole body showed a high correlation (RA: R = 0. 950, LA: R = 0. 949, RL: R = 0.899, LL: R = 0.88), and in the agreement test, the impedance values of the upper limbs and whole body also showed strong agreement (ICC > 0.9), but in the Xc, the correlation was weak. In conclusion, it was found that although bioimpedance devices had significantly different characteristics and inconsistent cross sectionally, there was a high population level agreement in the upper and lower extremities in determining segmental resistance value changes. But a large error was found on the trunk. Further studies were needed for reducing the error.

A Comparison Study Between Image Analysis and Conventional Methods in the Evaluation of Asian Skin Color (아시아 피부에서 기존 미백 평가방법과 이미지 분석방법의 비교연구 (비타민 C 제형의 이온토포레시스 연구))

  • Park, Hye Kyong;Kim, Nam Soo;Moon, Tae Kee;Kim, Bora;Jung, Ho Young
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2015
  • Until recently, the three conventional evaluation methods, which are instrumental (Chromameter$^{(R)}$ CR-400 and Mexameter$^{(R)}$ M18) and visual assessments have been used frequently for skin color evaluation. However, we took notice the potential of image analysis as a new tool to evaluate color change of skin. To reveal the reliability of the image analysis for the evaluation of whitening agents, 34 healthy female volunteers with hyperpigmentation were recruited, and the selected volunteers applied the whitening products containing Vitamin C twice a day in the morning and evening and received iontophoresis treatments once a week for 8 weeks. The changes in hyperpigmentation evaluated by Chromameter$^{(R)}$, Mexameter$^{(R)}$ and visual assessment were compared with the results from the image analysis. As with $L^*$ value trends of the analysis using Chromameter$^{(R)}$, the V value from the image analysis increased after applying the test products compared with baseline values. Furthermore, V value showed a positive correlation with $L^*$ value (r = 0.494, p < 0.01) and negative correlation with MI (r = - 0.683, p < 0.01) and VG (r = - 0.549, p < 0.01). Therefore, image analysis may be considered as an effective method to complement the limitations of visual assessment for whitening efficacy in Asians.