• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.254-265
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of anatomical conditions on primary stability in the models simulating posterior maxilla. Methods: Polyurethane blocks were designed to simulate monocortical (M) and bicortical (B) conditions. Each condition had four subgroups measuring 3 mm (M3, B3), 5 mm (M5, B5), 8 mm (M8, B8), and 12 mm (M12, B12) in residual bone height (RBH). After implant placement, the implant stability quotient (ISQ), Periotest value (PTV), insertion torque (IT), and reverse torque (RT) were measured. Two-factor ANOVA (two cortical conditions${\times}$four RBHs) and additional analyses for simple main effects were performed. Results: A significant interaction between cortical condition and RBH was demonstrated for all methods measuring stability with two-factor ANOVA. In the analyses for simple main effects, ISQ and PTV were statistically higher in the bicortical groups than the corresponding monocortical groups, respectively. In the monocortical group, ISQ and PTV showed a statistically significant rise with increasing RBH. Measurements of IT and RT showed a similar tendency, measuring highest in the M3 group, followed by the M8, the M5, and the M12 groups. In the bicortical group, all variables showed a similar tendency, with different degrees of rise and decline. The B8 group showed the highest values, followed by the B12, the B5, and the B3 groups. The highest coefficient was demonstrated between ISQ and PTV. Conclusions: Primary stability was enhanced by the presence of bicortex and increased RBH, which may be better demonstrated by ISQ and PTV than by IT and RT.

• Journal of the Korean Academic Society of Industrial Cluster
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-50
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• 2010

This study focused on the competitiveness analysis of industrial cluster using econometric method and competency analysis method to measure the situation of Seocho-gu industrial cluster and Yangjae R&D cluster at Seoul. The econometric method used the data such as the number of firms, the number of employee, GRDP. The competency analysis method measured the level of agglomeration of cluster for years through LQ(Location quotient) index. In addition, the characteristics and structure of each industry in Secho-gu and Yangjae-dong R&D cluster. The circumstance of location and business, the competency of potential ability of industries were analysed by SWOT. In sum, this study has the following conclusion. First, Seocho-gu and Yangjae-dong region has an advantage in the circumstance for R&D related industry and man power. Second, Seocho-gu and Yangjae-dong region has a good potential for development in R&D related industries. These region has a good relationship the four major R&D related industry of Seoul. Third, these region also has a advantage in the potential development of R&D related researchers in the corresponding industries.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Necessities of a traffic means work a car in the modern society human to an usability of a life is enjoying. On the other hand, the damage by traffic accident increment the human quotient worked as we were in proportion to the vehicle which increased. Passing an examination moves necessarily on an obstacle to suddenly appear at the fronts if a car travels and the vehicles which stopped suddenly. Dynamic passing an examination about an obstacle turn on Vehicle Emergency Lamp to by hand when is unhurried, and can turn off, but to appear urgently dynamic passing an examination in time human is instinctive, but cannot inform an emergency to a back vehicle, and a rear-end collision occurs. A car we synthesize a speed of a vehicle, and this unit analyzes as we use GPS, and to drive runs Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic in the situations that shall turn on emergencies etc. If a speed of a vehicle continuously slows down in too high-speed driving or low-speed driving, or we are stopped, Vehicle Emergency Lamp is always turned on. It was built if we rise again as clearing itself from risk, and a speed of a vehicle judges, and we turn off Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic. It runs till rear-end collision sensor operates, and by hand reset does Vehicle Emergency Lamp a driving vehicle collides from behind to a back vehicle or when a driving vehicle was overthrown. It is shortened very much to the chain rear-end collision traffic accident that is a traffic accident of large size if we use this unit. And we did authentication through the experiment which a driver was helpful to unnecessary operation and a relaxed safe driving during drivings.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.606-616
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• 2006

Purpose: This experiment examined the effect of different surface treatment on the osseointegration and stability of implants. Material and methods: In this study, 40 each of machined, SLA and RBM implants, which are the most commonly used implants, were implanted into the tibia of 20 normal rabbits using $OsseoCare^{TM}$. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks for implant stability analysis, removal torque analysis, histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Result : ISQ showed significant difference between Machined and RBM at first week and at 4 weeks. There was significant difference between Machined and both SLA and RBM(p<0.05) but after 8 weeks there were no significant difference between each group. In the removal torque, RBM showd significantly higher values than SLA and Machined surface at 1st week. At 4th and 12th week, there was significant difference between Machined and SLA, RBM(p<0.05). In the bone to implant contact variable, there was no significant difference between each surface treatment method. In the Machined surface group, there was no significant difference between each time interval. but in SLA group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 12th week and in RBM group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 8th, 12th week and between 4th and 12th week(p<0.05). The bone area showed significantly higher values in SLA and RBM compared to Machined surface 1st and 8th week and significantly higher values in SLA than Machined surface at the 4th week(p<0.05). Conclusion: The roughened surface of implants showed positive effect in the early stages of implantation and assisted in bone formation After the bone formation stage, there was no statistical difference between Machined and roughened surface groups. In dental implantation, where initial stability is critical to the success of implants, the use of roughened surface implants should assist in reducing the healing period after implantation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.546-550
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• 2008

In this untreated classic phenylketonuria (PKU) case, mental retardation is severe; however, there have been individuals- like the mother of this case- who have escaped mental retardation and all the other potential sequelae of phenylketonuria, despite having high blood phenylalanine levels, and very poor dietary control. It appears that they have nearly normal brain phenylalanine levels despite high blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels. A number of studies have now demonstrated considerable variability in blood vs. brain phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuria patients. Outcome of phenylketonuria appears to be related to brain phenylalanine levels. We report a case of "undiagnosed" maternal phenylketonuria syndrome. A female infant had low birth weight (2,400 g) with microcephaly. We examined her family and discovered that her mother was an undiagnosed phenylketonuria patient with a borderline intelligence quotient (IQ). The infant's sister, six years old, was diagnosed with phenylketonuria at the age of four years was mentally retarded and had received an operation for cleft lip and palate. the sister had also had a low birth weight (2,300 g). Her sister and mother were compound heterozygotes (mother: R243Q/Y325X; sister: Y325X/P407S). The infant and father were heterozygous carriers (baby: R243Q/ -; father: P407S/ - ).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1581-1589
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to suggest a methodology for calculating the peak-hour ratio of passengers at urban railway stations by reflecting the characteristics of passenger demand patterns and the land use inventory of stations. To achieve this, urban railway stations in Seoul are divided into three groups by using factor analysis and cluster analysis. For each station group, we calculate five and four variables related to the passenger demand patterns and the land use inventory of stations, respectively, as well as the peak-hour ratios of passengers. Among these nine variables, average daily passengers and the location quotient (LQ) index for business services are selected as the classification criteria for station groups based on statistical tests. Using the two variables, a group allocation process is suggested to estimate the peak-hour ratio of passengers for a newly-constructed station. Evaluation results based on thirteen stations show that the proposed methodology produces lower errors than the currently-used guideline does. The results of this study contribute to establishing efficiently construction and operation plans for newly-constructed stations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2017

The subject samples include 150 and 170 samples collected from intake holes in the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. They were analyzed with ICP-MS. The average concentration of detected barium was $10.54{\mu}g/L$ ($0.23{\sim}168.22{\mu}g/L$) and $8.21{\mu}g/L$ ($0{\sim}255.65{\mu}g/L$) for the former and latter halves of 2015, respectively. The concentration distribution was the highest for the precambrian era at $19.07{\mu}g/L$ and the lowest Cenozoic era at $4.92{\mu}g/L$. The average value for sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks was $7.84{\mu}g/L$, $20.84{\mu}g/L$, and $9.47{\mu}g/L$, respectively, which indicates that it was the highest for metamorphic rocks. The study also analyzed correlations between barium and other minerals and found that magnesium recorded 0.44 and 0.71 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. As for barium concentration according to depth, it was relatively low in shallow groundwater (under 200 m) with its average concentration at $14.33{\mu}g/L$ and $14.71{\mu}g/L$ for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. It was $8.53{\mu}g/L$ and $4.04{\mu}g/L$ in deep groundwater (over 200 m) for the two periods, respectively, The risk assessment results show that its average risk was HQ 0.00139 and HQ 0.00163 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively, being considerably lower than "1", which suggests that barium poses few possibilities of consumption risk.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1225-1236
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aromatherapy, showing how the composition handling of aromatherapy and abdominal massage treatment reaches body ingredient transformation. The subjects for this research were total 18 middle-aged females in Seoul; aroma massage group of 7 females, aroma inhalation and water bathe group of 5 females, abdominal massage group of 6 females by jojoba oil without any medical effect. This clinic trial was held from July 1, 2008 to Aug.14, 2008. I held this clinic trial under the same condition after and before this clinic. A standard tape and OLYMPIA 3.5 of S hospital were used at the body measuring for subjects after and before clinic trials. I got Average and standard deviation by data analysis by SPSS Win. Ver.14.0. I did paired t-test for the comparison of before and after, and repeated measure ANOVA for between two groups or among three groups'. The verification was held Duncan Test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Body mass quotient (F=2.86, p= .063) and Body region (F=1.34, p= .279) among three groups showed no meaningful difference, but weight meaningful difference and aroma massage group showed the greatest difference of body measure change quantity. 2. In change quantity of abdomen girth, Waist circumference and WHR, abdomen girth (F=4.56, p= .012) and Waist circumference (F=4.37, p= .031) showed a meaningful statistical difference. The result of subsequent inspection showed that there was a meaningful difference among three groups and aroma massage group was best. 3. In Cell quantity, Body region quantity and Muscle volume, Body region quantity (F=2.76, p= .182) and Muscle volume (F=3.12, p= .054) showed no difference, but Cell quantity (F=3.79, p= .040) showed a meaningful difference. In the comparison of three groups there was no difference, but aromatherapy group showed more change quantity than any other group. According to the result of this study, the composition handling of aromatherapy and body massage was effective in the decrease of Abdominal fatness and Waist circumference, Weight and the increase of Cell quantity. so I suggest that woman use this therapy in the program of obesity management for her health improvement.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigate the part dealing with algebra in Hong Gil Ju's GiHaSinSul to analyze his algebraic structure. The book consists of three parts. In the first part SangChuEokSan, he just renames Die jie hu zheng(疊借互徵) in Shu li jing yun to SangChuEokSan and adds a few examples. In the second part GaeBangMongGu, he obtains the following identities: $$n^2=n(n-1)+n=2S_{n-1}^1+S_n^0;\;n^3=n(n-1)(n+1)+n=6S_{n-1}^2+S_n^0$$; $$n^4=(n-1)n^2(n+1)+n(n-1)+n=12T_{n-1}^2+2S_{n-1}^1+S_n^0$$; $$n^5=2\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}5S_k^1(1+S_k^1)+S_n^0$$ where $S_n^0=n,\;S_n^{m+1}={\sum}_{k=1}^nS_k^m,\;T_n^1={\sum}_{k=1}^nk^2,\;and\;T_n^2={\sum}_{k=1}^nT_k^1$, and then applies these identities to find the nth roots $(2{\leq}n{\leq}5)$. Finally in JabSwoeSuCho, he introduces the quotient ring Z/(9) of the ring Z of integers to solve a system of congruence equations and also establishes a geometric procedure to obtain golden sections from a given one.