• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.7-28
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• 2005

We are so used to the concept of the term 'space' that we do not question its conceptual validity. However, this paper argues that the notion of space prevailing all over the world, is not a universal concept that can be applicable to all architectures of the world, but is a particular concept that is generated from the Western way of thinking. This paper alms to identify the conceptual structure of the idea of space as it is originated in the tradition of the West, and, as an alternative view of space, tries to identify the nature of the view of space perceived in the tradition of the Eastern architecture. Comparison of the two views, that of the East and the West, and their meaning in the future of architecture, is another task to discuss in this paper. To be able to clarify the meaning of space in East Asian tradition, a set of new perspective of understanding of space was invited. They are ; 1. sky-earth(天地); insisting that the notion of space should be replaced within the context of sky, which is one half of sky-earth totality 2. energy of the air (空氣), space is not empty part inside of a building, but is a dynamic condition of air that is a part of the sky which always exist in form of energy 3. place(자리): instead of space, which, basically. is a man-made concept, idea of place is necessary, which include not only space but also earth Such concept of space which is different from the notion of space of the West, is meaningful not only to identify the idea of space in the East, but also to be able to contribute for more dynamic, varied, and balanced understanding of space.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 교대근무 간호사의 임신 경험에 대하여 현상학적 분석을 통해 그 의미의 본질을 심층적으로 이해하고자 함이다. 이에 구체적인 연구문제는 '교대근무 간호사가 경험하는 임신의 의미는 무엇인가?'이다. 본 연구를 위해 3년 이내에 임신한 상태에서 종합병원에서 근무한 경험이 있는 간호사 6명이 참여하였다. 자료 수집은 개별 인터뷰 방법을 사용하였으며, 분석은 van Mannen(1990)의 해석학적 현상학 연구 방법을 적용하였다. 연구 결과 총 8개의 주제와 4개의 본질적 주제가 도출되었다. 각각의 본질적 주제는 '마음 놓고 임신하기 어려움', '동료간호사의 눈치를 봄', '태아의 건강이 걱정됨', '실효성 있는 대책을 요구함'이었다. 본 연구 결과는 교대근무 간호사의 임신경험에에 대한 융합적 이해를 제공한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권2_2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2022

With the shortage of labor force in small and medium-size industries, the Korean Employment Permit System (EPS) continues to bring migrant workers. However, the question remains of the health and safety management of their migrant workers. Considering that a significant part of safety and health problems are caused by migrant workers due to a lack of information on identifying risk and inexperience in the field. Telephone interviews were conducted to investigate the migrant workers' perspectives on workplace safety practices. The survey focused on workers' accident histories, understanding of safety practices, and responding to industrial accidents. A total of 66 accidents occurred among 30 participants. 10 accidents were not reported to the employer (company), which the foreign workers judged to be minor injuries that should not be reported as accidents. 80.0% of the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the PPE they were using. Among various reasons lack of understanding due to language barriers, lack of awareness of the importance of safety, communication difficulties were major reasons for the caused accidents and potential health issues. It is necessary to improve the safety and health support system by providing practical support through specialized educational institutes with experts in the field. A legal framework and a proper safety management system need to be maintained. This study suggests changing the current policy to improve the health and safety of migrant workers by, establishing specialized educational institutes with locally grown foreign experts in the field.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.717-731
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest effective online pedagogical strategies for a fashion design CAD course to enhance student learning and satisfaction. The study investigated student experience of online learning and compared online learning with a face-to-face learning experience. Student concentration, participation, perceptions of effectiveness of teaching, utilization of learning materials, and satisfaction were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Advantages and disadvantages of online learning as well as advantages of face-to-face learning were also analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Student concentration, participation, and perception of effectiveness of teaching were greater for face-to-face learning with significantly higher concentration on individual practice. Students utilized video recording of synchronous online lectures more actively than PDF lecture notes. The advantages of face-to-face learning were plentiful communication and feedback and easy questioning process as well as high levels of understanding and concentration. Meanwhile, major disadvantages of online learning were the speed of the lecture, lower levels of understanding and concentration, limited peer interaction, and technical problems. Major advantages of online learning were flexibility and convenience, repetitive learning through videos, and instant communication and feedback. Students preferred a blended learning approach for the fashion design CAD course. For effective online learning, it is suggested that instructors frequently question and check student practice through screen share in a private online meeting room and engage activities that are demanding of student interaction. The video recording of synchronous online lectures is also suggested as a supplemental learning material for repetitive learning.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2023

Quantitative and qualitative research explore various social phenomena using different methods. However, there has been a tendency to treat quantitative studies using complicated statistical techniques as more scientific and superior, whereas relatively few qualitative studies have been conducted in the medical and healthcare fields. This review aimed to provide a proper understanding of qualitative research. This review examined the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research to help researchers select the appropriate qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research is applicable in following cases: (1) when an exploratory approach is required on a topic that is not well known, (2) when something cannot be explained fully with quantitative research, (3) when it is necessary to newly present a specific view on a research topic that is difficult to explain with existing views, (4) when it is inappropriate to present the rationale or theoretical proposition for designing hypotheses, as in quantitative research, and (5) when conducting research that requires detailed descriptive writing with literary expressions. Qualitative research is conducted in the following order: (1) selection of a research topic and question, (2) selection of a theoretical framework and methods, (3) literature analysis, (4) selection of the research participants and data collection methods, (5) data analysis and description of findings, and (6) research validation. This review can contribute to the more active use of qualitative research in healthcare, and the findings are expected to instill a proper understanding of qualitative research in researchers who review qualitative research reports and papers.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.99-119
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• 2024

본 연구는 지식 기반 질문-답변(QA) 시스템을 개선하기 위해 기존 RAG(Retrieval Augmented Generation) 모델의 한계를 극복하고, Graph 기반의 향상된 RAG 시스템을 구현하여 품질 좋은 생성형 AI 서비스 개발을 목표로 하고 있다. 기존 RAG 모델은 검색된 정보를 활용해 높은 정확도와 유창성을 보이지만, 한 번 적재된 지식을 재작업 없이 사용해 답변을 생성하기 때문에 정확도가 떨어질 수 있다. 또한, RAG 구성 시점 이후의 실시간 데이터를 반영할 수 없어 맥락 이해 능력이 부족하고 편향된 정보 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 한계를 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 Graph 기술을 활용한 향상된 RAG 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 정보를 효율적으로 검색하고 활용할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 특히, LangGraph를 활용하여 검색된 정보의 신뢰성을 평가하고, 다양한 정보를 종합하여 보다 정확하고 향상된 답변을 생성할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 구체적인 작동 방식과 주요 구현 단계 및 사례를 구현 코드와 검증 내용을 통해 제시하여 Advanced RAG 기술에 대한 이해를 높였다. 이를 통해 Advanced RAG를 활용한 기업 내 서비스 구현에 실질적인 지침을 제공하여 기업들이 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하는 데 의미가 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중 고등학생의 물리 오개념에 대한 예비 과학교사의 이해를 높이기 위해 '연구자로서의 교사(teacher as researcher)'의 개념을 적용하여 방법론 강의를 구성하였다. 예비 과학교사들에게 학생들이 갖는 오개념을 직접 조사하고 분석하는 연구를 수행하도록 함으로써 학생들의 물리 오개념에 대한 이해를 높이고 교사로서의 역할을 생각해보는 기회를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 3, 4학년의 예비물리 교사 25명이며, 예비교사들은 학생들의 선개념과 오개념에 대한 기본적인 내용과 과학 학습 이론에 대해 학습한 후, 관심 있는 물리학 분야를 선택하여 오개념 조사를 위한 문항을 제작하였다. 설문을 실시하는 것부터 오개념의 양상과 원인을 분석하는 것까지 연구 과정을 거쳤으며, 조사에서 나타난 오개념을 교정하기 위한 교수 전략도 마련하였다. 본 연구에서는 오개념 조사를 진행한 예비교사와의 개별 면담을 주 자료로 사용하였으며, 수업 관찰에서 작성한 연구노트와 예비교사들의 최종 보고서를 보조 자료로 이용하였다. 면담의 전 과정은 녹음한 후 전사하여 자료 분석에 이용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 경험은 예비교사들에게 학생들에게서 나타나는 물리 오개념의 종류와 양상, 형성 원인을 확인하는 계기가 되었으며, 둘째, 연구경험은 예비교사들에게 학생들의 오개념을 교정하기 위한 적절한 교수전략에 대한 지식을 정교화하는 계기가 되었다. 셋째, 문항을 개발하고 과학적 개념을 설명하는 과정에서 본인의 물리 내용 지식을 재점검 하였으며, 넷째, 본인 스스로를 되돌아봄으로써 연구자로서의 교사 역할의 필요성을 깨닫게 되었다.

• 한국의료윤리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.344-359
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 임상시험에 참여한 만성신장질환자를 대상으로 임상시험 설명문 및 동의서 이해도와 관련 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 자료수집은 임상시험에 참여하는 만성신장질환자 85명을 대상으로 2017년 7월 1일부터 2018년 4월 30일까지 설문조사를 통해 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 설명문 및 동의서 객관적 이해도의 평균은 100점 만점에 69.56점, 주관적 이해도의 평균은 5점 만점에 3.28점으로 나타났다. 임상시험 설명문 및 동의서 객관적 이해도의 관련요인으로는 참여 동기(F=13.603, p<.001), 동의서 보유 유무(F=-4.833, p<.001), 건강문해력(F=27.709, p<.001)으로 나타났다. 주관적 이해도의 관련요인으로는 참여 동기(F=5.542, p<.002), 추가정보(F=-3.095, p<.003), 질문(F=-3.399, p<.001), 동의서 보유 유무(F=-5.712, p<.001), 건강문해력(F=5.941, p<.001)으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 만성질환자의 임상시험 이해도는 국외의 연구에 비해 이해도가 낮은 수준이며, 설명문 및 동의서의 내용을 일방적으로 전달하기보다는 이해도와 관련된 요인을 고려하여 동의과정에서 대상자의 충분한 이해를 도울 수 있도록 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.97-121
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• 2008

The updated International Standard Banking Practice(ISBP), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 681, was published to bring its contents in line with UCP 600. The ISBP 681 has dealt with 185 paragraphs from paragraphs 200 of ISBP 645 that are commonly arising in the credit transactions and also explains in detail some of the articles of UCP 600 with the proper interpretation. The updated version ISBP 681 involved aligning it with UCP 600, making certain technical adjustments in expression of words such as "in conflict" instead of "inconsistent", etc. Also descriptions of goods in commercial invoice to be altered the words into "services or performance" in addition to "goods". Despite the updated ISBP 681, there remains a question. Where the words "from" or "after" are used in regard to something other than a period of shipment or the maturity date of drafts, there is no guidance from the UCP as to its meaning. The party concerned in credit transactions is also required to have a full understanding of the paragraphs of ISBP 681 and the articles of UCP 600 in order to acquire the documents preparation and examination facilitating the parties to minimize discrepancies.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권1호
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• pp.113-154
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• 2003

We can feel the fear through the reports of outbreaking centers of terror. Also, we noticed through "the 9.11 terror" that there exists no safety zone from terrorism. However, we should question ourselves whether we are relaxing attention or ceasing anxiety too much in the perimeter, as in the peninsula of Korea. Through "the 9.11 terror", the vulnerability of the United State's homeland security has been exposed, giving a serious damage to the national pride. President Bush started the war against terror to strengthen global joints of anti-terrorism, identify terrorists and contribute to the global peace, adopting offensive realism including preemptive attack concept which means to remove the threat preemptively. In today's reality of international politics, where the inhuman, indiscriminate, and anti-civilizational international terror became greater, extending to the stage of war, the international societies' agony and focus lies on how to banish it. The 9.11 terrorism, which is a new form of terrorism, is being distinguished from conventional terrorism into new terrorism. New terrorism is a new form of terrorism meaning that you do not know the enemy, the goal does not exist and they conscientiously use the weapons of mass destruction. This paper is a work meant to help understanding new terrorism, the new form, by a comparative analysis with the conventional terrorism. Therefore the origin, concept and general characteristics new terrorism is picked out and the representative forms of it, which are suicide bombing, cyber, biochemical and nuclear terrorism, are analyzed in detail in theoretical manner.