• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

In ubiquitous computing, there is increasing demand for ubiquitous displays that react to a user's actions. We propose a method of navigating pictures on an ambient display using implicit interactions. The ambient display can identify the user and measure how far away they are using an RFID reader and ultrasonic sensors. When the user is a long way from the display, it acts as a digital picture and does not attract attention. When the user comes within an appropriate range for interaction, the display shows pictures that are related to the user and provides quasi-3D navigation using the TIP(tour into the picture) method. In addition, menus can be manipulated directly on a touch-screen or remotely using an air mouse. In an emergency, LEDs around the display flash to alert the user.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.508-517
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• 2009

Purpose: Despite recent advances in the surgical and postoperative management of infants with congenital heart disease, nutritional support for this population is often suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to develop a nutritional program for the postoperative period for infants who have had cardiac surgery and to evaluate effects of the program. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures was used. A newly developed nutritional program including a feeding protocol and feeding flow was provided to the study group (n=19) and usual feeding care to the control group (n=19). The effects of the feeding program were analyzed in terms of total feed intake, total calorie intake, gastric residual volume, and frequency of diarrhea. Results: Calorie intake and feeding amount in the study group were significantly increased compared to the control group. However, the two groups showed no significant differences in gastric residual volume and frequency of diarrhea. Conclusion: The results indicate that the nutritional program used in the study is an effective nursing intervention program in increasing feeding amount and calorie intake in infants postoperative to cardiac surgery and does not cause feeding-related complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of active mandibular exercise (AME) in patients with limited mouth opening after maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) release. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group and a pre test-post test design. Sixty-two patients with Maxillomandibular Fixation Release were assigned to the experimental (n=31) or control group (n=31). The AME was performed in the experimental group for 4 weeks. The exercise AME consisted of maximal mouth opening, lateral excursion and protrusive movement. These movements were repeated ten times a day. After the final exercise of the day, the number of tongue blades used for mouth opening was noted. The effect of AME was evaluated after MMF release at different time intervals: a) immediately, b) after 1 week, c) after 2 weeks, d) after 4 weeks, and e) after 12 weeks. The exercise was assessed using the following criteria: a) mandibular movements, b) pain scores associated with maximal mouth opening, c) discomfort scores associated with range of movement, and d) daily life activities that involve opening the mouth. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement regarding the range of mandibular movements (maximal mouth opening (F=23.60, p<.001), lateral excursion to the right side (F=5.25, p=.002), lateral excursion to the left side (F=5.97, p=.001), protrusive movement (F=5.51, p=.001)), pain score (F=39.59, p<.001), discomfort score (F=9.38, p<.001). Daily life activities that involve opening the mouth were more favorable compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The AME in patients after MMF release is helpful for increasing mandibular movement range, decreasing pain and discomfort, and improving day life activities that involve opening the mouth. Therefore, AME is highly recommended as an effective nursing intervention.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

A coupled liquid-gas-solid three-phase model, linking two numerical codes (TOUGH2/EOS3 and $FLAC^{3D}$), was firstly established and validated by simulating an in-situ air flow test in Essen. Then the coupled model was employed to investigate responses of multiphase flow and soil skeleton deformation to compressed air or freshwater injection using the same simulation conditions in an aquifer of Tianjin, China. The simulation results show that with injecting pressurized fluids, the vertical effective stress in some area decreases owing to the pore pressure increasing, an expansion of soil skeleton appears, and land uplift occurs due to support actions from lower deformed soils. After fluids injection stops, soil deformation decreases overall due to injecting fluids dissipating. With the same applied pressure, changes in multiphase flow and geo-mechanical deformation caused by compressed air injection are relatively greater than those by freshwater injection. Furthermore, the expansion of soil skeleton induced by compressed air injection transfers upward and laterally continuously with time, while during and after freshwater injection, this expansion reaches rapidly a quasi-steady state. These differences induced by two fluids injection are mainly because air could spread upward and laterally easily for its lower density and phase state transition appears for compressed air injection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the effect between wet gauze with cold normal saline and wet gauze with cold water on thirst, oral cavity condition, and saliva pH among postoperative patients. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with 56 participants. The experimental group received wet gauze with cold normal saline, and control group received wet gauze with cold water for three times at 15 minute intervals. Data were collected using visual analog scale for thirst, oral assessment guide for oral cavity condition and acidity tape for saliva pH. Measurement were made before applying the gauze and at 15min, 30min, and 45min after applying gauze. Data were analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA. Results: Thirst, oral cavity condition, and saliva pH improved in both groups with increasing number of gauze application. Thirst for the experimental group improved more than for the control group (F=4.29, p=.009), oral cavity condition except saliva, and saliva pH were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: This study results indicated that nurses can apply wet gauze with cold normal saline to reduce thirst and saliva acidity, and to improve the oral cavity condition for postoperative patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2001

This study was designed to verify the effect of Doula-type-delivery nursing care on plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol, related to delivery stress during labor, and postpartum anxiety of primipara by a quasi experiment(nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from December, 1999 to August, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of sixty eight primipara, with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies, thirty three for the experimental group and thirty five for the control group. Their mean age was 26.1 years for the experimental group and 25.5 years for the control group. Their mean gestation period was 39.7 weeks for the experimental group and 40.1 weeks for the control group. As treatment, Doula-type-delivery nursing care was given for the experimental group. Data assessed plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol during labor, and anxiety during postpartum. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol were measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and the transition phase after treatment(posttest). Also, anxiety was measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and 24 hours postpartum after treatment(posttest). Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SAS Program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin was significantly elevated in the experimental group who were cared for with Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor(P=.0463). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for serum cortisol. 3. The postpartum anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P=.0110). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be effective in increasing maternal plasma $\beta$-endorphin and decreasing postpartum anxiety. Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2005

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that tailored messages for cancer screening to the beliefs and stage of cancer screening behavior of individual women increases the take-up probability. Many studies on cancer screening have used the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to identify variables associated with cancer screening behavior. This study was carried out to identify the cognitive-behavioral factors associated with stomach cancer screening among women aged 40 years and over, and to develop and evaluate a tailored educational program for stomach cancer screening by stages of change. Methods: Building on the TTM constructs, we conducted a quasi-experimental study(N=283) to test the effectiveness of a tailored educational program for endoscopic stomach cancer screening. We carried out pre and post tests in the experimental group(N=162) and the control group(N=121), and the experimental group was subdivided into an on-line group(N=81) and an off-line group(N=81) by educational methodology using e-mail and the postal service. We used the chi-square test, trend test, and paired t-test to test the effectiveness of the program for stomach cancer using a tailored stage-matched messages. Results: To examine the effectiveness of the program for stomach cancer screening by the tailored stage-matched messages, the stage-matched materials were offered to the experimental group(N=162) four times for 4 weeks. The stage-matched materials consisted of the four types for stomach cancer. The tailored message was effective in changing the cognitive-behavioral factors, such as experience process, behavior process, con opinion for stomach cancer, self-efficacy, and the behavioral stages for stomach cancer screening. The stomach cancer screening adherence was higher for the stage-matched materials using postal mail than for those using e-mail. Conclusion: To improve the stomach cancer screening rate, the use of tailored messages for stomach cancer screening will be generated using an expert system. Therefore the implementation of tailored educational program will be supported a partnership between public and private health organizations and increasing awareness of the necessity of community-based interventions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1D
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Busan Metropolitan City government has been implementing the local Bus Quasi-Public Operating policy since 2007. As a result of the policy, financial burden to cover financial deficit has become a big social issue. For successful settlement of the policy, the government should be able to gradually cut off the financial support for the deficit by continuously increasing the bus demand, which can be accomplished by providing more convenient bus services. The weather conditions that affect the public transportation demand include rain, fog and snow. They affect the mode choice for public transportation use, which in turn results in decrease in bus demand. In short, the adverse weather conditions result in significant profit loss of bus transportation, and consequently it financially burdens the City of Busan. In this research, the pattern of travelers' use of transportation modes given various weather conditions was analyzed. In addition, the reasons why people transfer from one to other transportation modes were analyzed by conducting a field survey, and policy implications on desirable public transportation facilities and transfer system were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1085-1090
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• 2011

To assure the safety of rolling stock, it is important to perform the fatigue analysis of reduction gear unit in rolling stock considering a variation of velocity and traction motor capability. This paper presents fatigue analysis of the damage of reduction gear unit of railway vehicle under variable amplitude loading(VAL) based on quasi-static fatigue analysis using finite element model and linear Miner's rule. The VAL for the simulation was constructed from the tractive effort curve and train run curves of railway vehicle under commercial operation condition using MSC.ADAMS dynamic analysis. The finite element model for evaluating the carburizing effect on the gear surface was used for predicting the fatigue life of the middle gear based on strain-life based approach. The results showed that the frequent high starting torque due to a quick start as well as increasing numbers of stops at station would decrease the fatigue life of reduction gear unit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

This paper aims to examine the possibility of using an environmentally friendly $N_2$ as an alternative gas to $SF_6$. For this purpose, we have investigated breakdown characteristics of $N_2$ under impulse voltages in a quasi-uniform electric field gap. The 1.2/50[${\mu}s$] lightning impulse voltage, switching impulse voltages and oscillatory impulse voltages were applied at the test gap. The electric field utilization factor ranges from 0.5 to 0.8. The experimental data of $SF_6$ and $N_2$ acquired in the same experimental condition are presented in parallel for comparison. As a result, the breakdown voltages in $SF_6$ and $N_2$ are linearly increased with the gas pressure, also the breakdown voltages in $N_2$ are increased with increasing the gap distance and electric field utilization factor. The positive breakdown voltages are higher than the negative breakdown voltages. The nagative basic lightning impulse withstand level of 150[kV] in $N_2$ of about 0.5[MPa] is nearly equal to that in $SF_6$ of 0.15[MPa]. It is seen from the results obtained in this work that $N_2$ can be used as an eco-friendly alternative gas to $SF_6$ in distribution power equipment.