• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2022

A 5 day-old Warmblood foal was presented with a quarter crack due to the dam accidentally stepping on his left hind foot. Physical examination revealed the vertical crack included the coronary band of the medial side of the left hind hoof (quarter crack) with the lower pastern avulsion wound. Different from adult horses, the foot of the 5 day-old foal lacked adequate hoof wall thickness for stainless steel wire insertion and hoof size for a reinforcing fabric to be applied. Therefore, the authors decided to stabilize the edges of the cracked wall only by the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites without wiring and a reinforcing fabric application; and gluing a plastic shoe that was reshaped to protect the lower pastern and to spread pressure to other parts of the hoof when bearing weight. Disinfection and a supportive bandage were applied daily for 2 weeks. A month after the hoof crack accident, lameness had diminished. The quarter crack in this foal was treated successfully by the application of the composites three times with a reshaped gluing shoe, with approximately a month interval over the 4 months. After 4 months, it presented a successful functional recovery and needed no further treatment. When followed up 8 months after the accident, it revealed successful outcomes without hoof shape distortion and unbalanced hoof/limb growth.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.278-281
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• 2020

A 4-year-old Thoroughbred stallion was referred to J&C Equine Hospital with a quarter crack of the right front foot. On visual inspection, there was a medial quarter crack with laminar necrosis. The first step to treat this problem was to remove the necrotized tissue around the crack using Dremel tools, disinfecting crack, administering antibiotics through regional limb perfusion and systemically administering antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs consistently. After one month's anti-inflammatory management, the quarter crack was treated successfully using two series of wiring with one week's term and polymethylmethacrylate composites (Equilox^㉿). After treatment, this racehorse successfully resumed training and racing in Korea Racing Authority Seoul Race Course, and won three times, finishing second and third place once, out of thirteen starts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.731-744
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• 2004

Modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) technique has become very popular for computation of strain energy release rate (SERR) and stress intensity factor (SIF) for 2-D crack problems. The objective of this paper is to propose a numerical integration procedure for MVCCI so as to generalize the technique and make its application much wider. This new procedure called as numerically integrated MVCCI (NI-MVCCI) will remove the dependence of MVCCI equations on the type of finite element employed in the basic stress analysis. Numerical studies on fracture analysis of 2-D crack (mode I and II) problems have been conducted by employing 4-noded, 8-noded (regular & quarter-point), 9-noded and 12-noded finite elements. For non-singular (regular) elements at crack tip, NI-MVCCI technique generates the same results as MVCCI, but the advantage for higher order regular and singular elements is that complex equations for MVCCI need not be derived. Gauss numerical integration rule to be employed for 8-noded singular (quarter-point) element for accurate computation of SERR and SIF has been recommended based on the numerical studies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

In this paper, the interaction between two neighboring tunnel has been investigated using PFC2D. For this purpose, firstly calibration of PFC was performed using Brazilian experimental test. Secondly, various configuration of two neighboring tunnel was prepared and tested by biaxial test. The maximum and minimum principle stresses were 0.2 and 30 MPa respectively. The modeling results show that in most cases, the tensile cracks are dominant mode of cracks that occurred in the model. With increasing the diameter of internal circle, number of cracks decreases in rock pillar also number of total cracks decreases in the model. The rock pillar was heavily broken when its width was too small. In fixed quarter size of tunnel, the crack initiation stress decreases with increasing the central tunnel diameter. In fixed central tunnel size, the crack initiation stress decreases with increasing the quarter size of tunnel.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 1988

The purpose of this paper is to apply the boundary element method to predict the crack growth path. The quarter point element with traction singularity at the crack tip is applied to compact tension type specimens and two inclined slit problems under compression load. The maximum stress criterion which was originally derived for the crack initiation is extended to the analysis of the crack propagation. The predicted crack paths with 1/4 crack growth increment of initial crack length agree quite well with experimental results. It is found that the computed crack path of the boundary element analysis is not mainly affected by the crack increment length.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.2 s.95
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• pp.225-233
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• 1999

This paper describes a versatile finite element technique which has been used to investigate of wide range of structural defects of practical importance. The procedure automatically remeshes the three-dimensional finite element model during the stages of crack growth. Problems analyzed to date include the surface cracks in leak-before-break situations, the development of quarter-elliptical corner defects, planar semi-elliptical surface defects and the fatigue growth of defects.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.341-348
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• 2004

This paper presents a modeling technique of cracks by combined extended and superposed finite element method (XSFEM) which is a combination of the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the mesh superposition method (sversion FEM). In the proposed method, the near-tip field is modeled by a superimposed patch consisting of quarter point elements and the rest of the discontinuity is treated by the XFEM. The actual crack opening in this method is measured by the sum of the crack openings of XFEM and SFEM in transition region. This method retains the strong point of the XFEM so it can avoid remeshing in crack evolution and trace the crack growth by translation or rotation of the overlaid mesh and the update of the nodes to be enriched by step functions. Moreover, the quadrature of the Galerkin weak form becomes simpler. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2023

In this study, the three-dimensional finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of corner cracks in finite-thickness plates repaired with a composite patch. The normalized stress intensity factor at the crack front is used as fracture criterion. Comparison of stress intensity factor values at the internal and external positions of repaired quarter-elliptical corner crack was done, for three repair techniques. The influence of mechanical and geometrical properties of the adhesive layer and the composite patch on the variation of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack-front was highlighted. The obtained results show that the application of double patch leads to a remarkable reduction of SIF at the crack front, compared to facial and lateral repairs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2000

Computer simulations of the mechanical behavior of a three point bend specimen with a quarter notch under impact load are performed. The case with a load application point at the side is considered. An elastic-plastic von Mises material model is chosen. Three phases such as impact bouncing and bending phases are found to be identified during the period from the moment of impact to the estimated time for crack initiation. It is clearly shown that no plastic deformation near the crack tip is appeared at the impact phase. However it is confirmed that the plastic zone near the crack tip emerges in the second phase and the plastic hinge has been formed in the third phase. Gap opening displacement crack tip opening displacement and strain rate are compared with rate dependent material(visco-plastic material). The stability during various dynamic load can be seen by using the simulation of this study.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2001

The stress intensity factors have been widely used in numerical studies of crack growth direction. However in many cases, omissive terms of the series expansion are quantitatively significant, so we consider the computation of such terms. For this purpose, we used the finite element method with isometric quadratic quarter-point elements. For examples, infinite square plate with a slant crack subjected to a uniaxial load is analyzed. The numerical analysis were performed for the wide range of crack tip element lengths and inclined angles. The numerical results obtained are compared with the theoretical solutions. Also they were accurate and efficient.